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1

PERCEIVED IN-GROUP DENSITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT IN A SAMPLE OF NORTHERN IRISH CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS

100%

Mallet J. , Lewis Christopher A. , Cairns E.

Studia Psychologica

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2013

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tom 55

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nr 3

229 – 246

EN

The “contact hypothesis” suggests that desegregation is good for the minority group members but the view has been challenged by the studies which describing a so-called “ethnic density effect”. This study examined the possibility of an “ethnic density effect” in the context of historical ethno-religious segregation in Northern Ireland. It was hypothesised that the “ethnic density effect” is not simply the result of structural variables, such as ethnic population mix at local community level, but also on individual perceptions of area based ethno-religious group density, perceptions of their local group status and their levels of in-group identification or solidarity. Data from 1000 randomly selected participants were tested for ethno-religious group invariance in the prediction of psychological adjustment, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The results indicated a small direct “ethnic density effect” based on perceptions of religious mix at local level (p < .05). Ethno-religious differences were observed in the relationships between perceived ethnic density and perceived discrimination (p < .05). The “ethnic density effect” reported in some cultural contexts were evident in Northern Ireland and this has implications for policy makers concerned with community relations.

2

Economical and social connection changes in a Gypsy village

100%

Virag T.

Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)

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2008

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tom 18

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nr 1

60-77

EN

In this case study, the author is seeking answers to the following questions: What kind of changes ensue in the society of a ghettoized village when new economic developments occur in the area, and the labour force that had been 'redundant' and economically excluded for a decade, is again needed? What kind of new subsistence and employment forms and strategies take shape in the new economic environment? How these affect social relationships in the settlement? Do the new employment opportunities and the financial advancement lead to getting closer to the lower class, or even being included into them, or does a new, specific social establishment take shape, which is only loosely attached to the social majority?

3

Villages becoming ghettos

100%

Virag T.

Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)

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2006

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tom 16

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nr 1

60-76

EN

The subject of the paper is an area with small villages, largely over-represented by Roma population. In the middle of the 1980s, there were one or two small villages becoming ghettos, at present, 17 ethnically segregated settlements can be found in the micro-region besides dozens of other villages approaching towards the state of ethnic segregation. As a result of massive unemployment and the demographic changes brought about by the exchange of population, not only more and more villages became ghettos in the area, but the structure of local society has also changed. In each settlement either the majority of the inhabitants or, in more serious cases, the whole village community is excluded from the labour force market as well as from the education system, which could offer them social mobility.

4

Abnormal segregation of prion protein octapeptide-repeat alleles in cattle

88%

Walawski K. , Czarnik U. , Wojciechowski R. , Pareek C. S.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2003

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tom 44

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nr 3

375-378

EN

The study was conducted on full-families of Black-and-White cattle obtained as 25 AI sire families and 355 cows, as well as their progenies, mostly heifers at the age of 1-3 months. The sire group was composed by the casual qualification of 10 PRNP 6/6 and 15 PRNP 6/5 individuals on the basis of accessible young progenies. The randomly selected group of cows is characterised by a very high frequency of PRNP 6/6 (74.9%), followed by lower frequency of PRNP 6/5 (24.5%) and a very low frequency of PRNP 5/5 genotype (0.6%). The progenies represent all expected genotypes, such as: PRNP 6/6 (60.5%), PRNP 6/5 (35.8%) and PRNP 5/5 (3.7%), respectively. Taking into consideration the genotypes of parents and progenies, the segregation of PRNP 6 and PRNP 5 alleles was analysed. Results of the non-informative mating variant of male PRNP 6/6 ? female PRNP 6/6 (n = 87) are affected by the PRNP 6/6 progeny genotype in all cases. Subsequently, the results of mating variants male PRNP 6/6 ? female PRNP 6/5 (n = 29) and male PRNP 6/5 female PRNP 6/6 (n = 179) showed statistically non-significant differences in both above-mentioned alternations. The progeny group related from male PRNP 6/5 ? female PRNP 6/5 parental mating obtained fully informative and most valuable results based on the presented research concept. In the common group of 58 calves, the genotype PRNP 6/6 is represented by 26 individuals (44.8 %), PRNP 6/5 ? by 19 individuals (32.8 %) and PRNP 5/5 ? by 13 individuals (22.4 %). Therefore, the theoretical genotype rate (25% : 50% : 25%) is drastically deformed and the differentiation between the observed and expected numbers of animals is statistically highly significant (chi2= 12.72; 2 df.). These differences are affected by two times higher PRNP 6/6 homozygous (chi2 = 9.12; 1 df.) and responsively by the low number of PRNP 6/5 heterozygous animals (chi2 = 3.45; 1 df.). Further investigations are carried out to explain the genetic determination of abnormal PRNP octa-peptide repeat allele segregation, which suggests possible lethal cis-trans linkage effects.

5

PARENTAL SCHOOL CHOICE MISERY: MIDDLE CLASS PARENTS’ DILEMMA IN CHOOSING A PRIMARY SCHOOL IN BERLIN’S MULTI-ETHNIC NEIGHBOURHOODS

88%

Mayer T. , Geist V. , Pohl V. S. , Schwarz J. , Koinzer T.

Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)

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2020

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tom 11

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nr 1

35 – 57

EN

To follow up on research conducted in several countries, in this paper, we look at the dilemmas middle-class parents face of being “good parents” by choosing the “best” school with a milieu-related environment for their child versus being “good citizens” by choosing a “local” public school with a large proportion of students from a working-class or migrant background. Analysing semi-structured interviews with parents, the paper explores whether and how parents in Germany’s capital city of Berlin refer to this dilemma concerning primary school choice and how they resolve it and justify their decision. The parents interviewed applied strategies in deciding to be “good parents” or “good citizens” or at least to make it easier to solve the dilemma. All the strategies presented in other studies can be found in our sample as well. In addition, we identified two more parental strategies: the strategy of downward comparison and the strategy of choosing a private school. It is notable that the perceived proportion of children with a migrant background in the neighbourhood played a major role in relation to the dilemma and the strategies chosen.

6

MARGINALIZOVANÉ SKUPINY V STREDOVEKOM A RANONOVOVEKOM UHORSKU

88%

Szeghyová B.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2022

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tom 70

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nr 4

665–713

EN

The study presents the history of marginalized groups, the theoretical background and a brief historiographical overview. Marginalized groups are collectively referred to as those that have limited opportunities for employment and are excluded from certain spheres of society. The defining criterion in identifying particular marginalized groups is the judgemental view of the majority or dominant society. Historians classify people on the margins into different categories according to certain characteristics such as extreme poverty, a vagrant or nomadic way of life, the pursuit of dishonest or defamed professions, criminal activities, as well as physical and mental disabilities and affiliation with religious or ethnic minorities. The study focuses on four main phenomena associated with marginalization – poverty, infamy, criminality and minority ethnicity with the examples of Roma and Jews. Marginalization took various forms, from demonstrations of disgust, hostility and physical violence, to segregation, stigmatization, legislative measures that criminalized certain groups, to their persecution and physical elimination. Apart from poverty, the main reasons for marginalization were prejudices, superstitions, myths and stereotypes, as well as intolerance and fear of the unknown, the strange and the other, that could be intertwined with rational dread of contagious diseases or hostile intentions.

7

SLOVENSKÍ RÓMOVIA V ČESKOSLOVENSKU V ROKOCH 1945 - 1947 (REGULÁCIA POHYBU A KONTINUITA PERZEKÚCIE)

88%

Jurová A.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2009

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tom 12

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nr 1

-

EN

After the end of the Second World War an extensive movement of certain groups of the population began in the entire Central Europe. These evoke spontaneous efforts to find a new home and life, but also a wide implementation of compulsory and forced migration as a tool of the Czechoslovak residential policy. A part of it was also the unprecedented migration of Gypsies to which the Czech organisations reacted mainly negatively; as a result of the previous anti-Gypsy arrangements. The continuation of attitudes toward this culturally different and undesirable minority is in this instance undeniable. The spontaneous and purposeful migration waves of Gypsy immigrants from Slovakia, linked to a 'rushed system-less urbanisation' (N. Pavelcikova). The lack of provisions in terms of accommodation and labour opportunities resulted in problems and consequences with which, according to Czech authors, not only the Gypsy minority, but also the entire society is still struggling.

8

FROM “ANDYS” TO “TOASTERS”: HOW HAS POLITICS AFFECTED THE VIEW OF NON-HUMANS IN ”BLADE RUNNER” AND ”BATTLESTAR GALACTICA”?

88%

Lenč J.

World Literature Studies

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2021

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tom 13

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nr 1

55 - 67

EN

This article focuses on the change in perception of humanoid androids in science fiction from Philip K. Dick’s cult novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?(1968) and its later film adaptations, to the depictions of androids and people in the struggle for survival and immortality in the TV series Battlestar Galactica (2004–2009) and Caprica (2010). Science-fiction novels usually outline the author’s ideas about the near or distant future of the world with which they are confronted on a daily basis. They usually warn readers of a possible apocalypse or present models of an ideal future society to replace the society of today. However, science fiction is written by real people in a specific space and time who often reflect the social tensions and issues of the time they were created. The depictions of humanoid androids, their position in society, and their desire to break free from their undignified or even slavish positions are, in many cases, a reflection of real policies and the position of today’s “others” in mainstream society.

9

SPATIAL ASPECTS OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION

75%

Dzambazovic R.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2007

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tom 39

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nr 5

432-458

EN

The interest of the Slovak sociology in dealing with poverty and social exclusion has been rising steadily. Although the spatial aspect of poverty and social exclusion is one of the essential problems, the interest in it is only marginal. This study is trying to trace various spatial levels the poverty problem is connected with. It follows these aspects: 1. interregional disparity concentrating on social-spatial marginal regions; 2. Inter- community disparity; 3. local disparity. Within each level the author presents recent theoretical and indicative referential frames filling them with analysis of the data accessible in the Slovak Republic. The growth of social differentiation after 1989 goes hand in hand with spatial disparity. The interregional and inter-local disparities intensify; the most affected being social-spatial marginalized regions, smaller villages and spatial (also social) segregated communities, poor neighbourhoods in the towns and villages. The study also analyses an extreme example of spatial disparity of the segregated Roma settlements and warns of possible community and neighbourhood effect on intergenerational poverty transfer.

10

Časoprostorové a infrastrukturní aspekty procesu sociální exkluze

75%

Růžička M.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2011

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tom 47

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nr 2

273-296

EN

Researchers who have studied the living conditions of Roma (Gypsy) communities since the collapse of state socialism in Eastern Europe tend to emphasise two dimensions of the growing degree of social exclusion of the Roma: the economic dimension (the decline in socio-economic status) and the spatial dimension (the growing levels of residential segregation). This article aims to study how spatial exclusion and involuntary residential segregation ‘function’, that is, how they operate on the social micro level as a ‘generator’ of social and economic disadvantage. Certain types of objective obstacles arise in the living environment of excluded people and they continuously have to overcome these obstacles on an everyday basis. The author analyses how spatial exclusion acts on the excluded by requiring relatively high expenditures of money and time for them to overcome exclusion. He then examines the infrastructural dimensions of spatial exclusion, describing infrastructural exclusion as a dimension of disadvantage in which the excluded have limited access to infrastructures and through them resources otherwise commonly accessible in the dominant socio-economic system. Access to these infrastructures and resources can be regarded as an indicator of social integration and as an essential precondition for equal and meaningful social and economic participation in the life of the dominant socio-economic system. In conclusion, the author discusses the conflicting or almost contradictory relationship between the generation of spatial and infrastructural exclusion on the one hand and social integration projects on the other.

11

Genetic suppresion of shrunken endosperm and low hordein content in Ris? mutant 18 (Hordeum vulgare L.)

75%

Kapala A.

Genetica Polonica

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1994

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tom 35

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nr 4

249-254

EN

Data on segregation of the lys 3 b gene in the offsprings of crosses between the mutant Ris? 18 and the barley forms with plump kernels and high hordein content are presented.Hordein phenotype, and indirectly lysine, were determined by visual screening method.In the analysed materials all plump kernels were high-hordein (low lisine), and all shrunken kernels were low hordein (high-lysine).Genetic analysis showed a 3:1 Mendelian phenotypic ratio of normal and mutant F2 kernels in most of the analysed crosses.

12

CALVINISM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE AFRIKANER NATIONALIST IDEOLOGY

63%

Dobošová J.

Asian and African Studies

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2009

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tom 18

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nr 2

305-323

EN

Calvinism was a part of the mythic history of Afrikaners; however, it was only a specific interpretation of history that made it a part of the ideology of the Afrikaner nationalists. Calvinism came to South Africa with the first Dutch settlers. There is no historical evidence that indicates that the first settlers were deeply religious, but they were worshippers in the Nederlands Hervormde Kerk (Dutch Reformed Church), which the only church was permitted in the region until 1778. After almost 200 years, Afrikaner nationalism developed and connected itself with Calvinism. This happened due to the theoretical and ideological approach of S. J. du Toit and a man referred to as its 'creator', Paul Kruger. The ideology was highly influenced by historical developments in the Netherlands in the late 19th century and by the spread of neo-Calvinism and Christian nationalism there. It is no accident, then, that it was during the 19th century when the mythic history of South Africa itself developed and that Calvinism would play such a prominent role in it. It became the first religion of the Afrikaners, a distinguishing factor in the multicultural and multiethnic society that existed there at the time. It legitimised early thoughts of a segregationist policy and was misused for political intentions.