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EN
The balanced development is the conception friendly attitude to the matter of protection the human’s social and natural environment. More of ecological organization accept this idea, which they try to introduce in life. However, we can meet with activity of those ecological organizations which have the radical character and in fact they have much less common with the conception of the balanced development and they are even opposite. The balanced development does not aim to set back the social and economical development of human civilization, but it tries to reconcile with requirements of the protection the natural environment (to balance). The ideology of some ecological radicals’ formations, their methods of working ( the practical aspect) show however, that in fact such seen the comprehended development of human civilizations is with their point of sight too moderated and not to acceptable. The author in this article introduced the basic arguments supported such opinions. He characterized also the individual extreme ecological organizations and he tried to establish on the basic literature of this object the border which permits to distinguish from these radical organizations those which we can recognize as ecoterrorist.
EN
The major objective of policies for the less favoured areas (LFAs) is to ensure the continuation of their economic function (mostly profitable agriculture) and to enhance sustainable rural development (use of farming practices which maintain or improve the natural resource base of agriculture). The implementation of the concept of sustainable development in LFAs creates appropriate conditions for practicing organic agriculture and for launching various non-farm activities. It also creates employment opportunities that allow to further reduce rural poverty and to manage more effectively multifunctional rural development. This can lead to an improvement in the economic efficiency of farms, in the competitiveness of the agricultural sector and in the standard of living in LFAs. The strategy of sustainable development in LFAs could improve their social structure, contribute to the integration of their economy with the total market and to the protection of the natural environment.
EN
This work presents the issues concerning connections between ecoinnovations and sustainable development in Poland and European Union. Innovations and sustainable development are of fundamental importance for the growth in economy. Sustainable development has been one of European priorities for a long time. At present it has acquired new significance in the light of the crisis connected with climate changes and the extensive financial crisis prevailing mainly in the USA and Europe. Still it is a great challenge for EU cities and regions. Also examined were little cooperation between entrepreneurs and people of science in the processes introducing modern technologies and expenditure on innovations.
EN
The article is connected with the life and scientific works of Professor Stephen Kozlowski died in September 2007. He was a great research scientist working with the geology of raw materials and then with the conservation and formation of natural environment. Last 25 years of his scientific work he was engaged in the creation of the concept of sustainable development and in the promotion of the concept in Polish social, economic and political life. Using the term “sustainable development” he meant all the activities which improve man’s life conditions and which do not cause the degradation of natural environment. Such effect can be obtained by equalizing of three development vectors: natural, economic and cultural. He proposed that Poland should adapt the economic progress to natural conditions of environment. He said that the idea of the sustainable development being based on the foundations of ecological era had all chances to make a success in our conditions of weather, soil, water and raw minerals.
EN
In this paper, we present the territorial partnership issue and its influence on regional and local development. Partnerships are territorial unions of subjects from the public, non-government and the private sector. By this kind of cooperation, it is possible to use the level of social activity to mobilize local and regional resources for economic and social development. It was necessary to present a few crucial concepts of partnership. Attention has also been drawn from regional and local politics and the increase of a region's role in the global economy. To show how important the territorial partnership's influence is on a region and its social development, selected examples have been presented.
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2010
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tom 5
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nr 1
145-158
EN
The idea of Corporate Social Responsibility, including its various practical aspects, is a relatively new concept, systematically becoming more and more popular in EU-27 because of potential economic, environmental and social benefits which it can bring. Areas that seem worth focusing from the point of view of possible competitive gains from CSR, concern good relations with both internal and external stakeholders. The ability to build proper relations helps to increase profits, reduce costs or enhance image, loyalty and trust among stakeholders which seems to be decisive for long term competitiveness of given enterprise or the whole economy. The paper investigates the implementation of concept of CSR in Polish economy. The author presents the examples of socially responsible firms and good practice which are undertaken in the analyzed area. Unfortunately, in case of many small and medium enterprises CSR still remains a peripheral concern. The importance of CSR cannot be underestimated in case of the whole Polish economy that aspires to be as competitive as the other Western EU countries.
EN
As an EU Member State, Poland agreed to designate sites of the Natura 2000 on its territory. At present, Natura 2000 covers approx. 1/5 of the territory of country and is part of the European Ecological Network Natura 2000 (N2000). In the process of marking out the boundaries of the sites, not enough time has been devoted to disseminating information about N2000 and consulting local authorities; Thus, it should not come as a surprise that many citizens consider the network an impediment to economic growth of rural areas within N2000 sites. This paper constitutes an element in the ongoing discussion of academic circles and local self-governments on the real and potential complications and limitations to the development of rural areas caused by the Natura 2000. The attempt to systematize the problems stemming from the activities of businessmen, farmers, commune authorities, and other citizens on sites within the Natura 2000 network, should be extremely useful in the early phase of managing the N2000 sites, particularly in the planning of conservation tasks, which will determine local conditions for business over the next 10 years. The results of the study and its conclusions should help successfully implement the idea of sustainable development of rural areas within EEN N2000, in the name of a necessary compromise between the economic needs of local communities and the requirements of environmental conservation. The aim of the paper is to increase the knowledge of socioeconomic processes that occur in rural communes covered by the Natura 2000 network and of actions that ought to be taken to prevent self-governments from treating this form of protection as yet another fairly troublesome duty and costly task.
EN
“The future we want”, the main document summarizing the action areas advocated by the Rio+20 conference (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 20-22nd), advocates “green economy” as a main instrument to eradicate poverty, while maintaining the healthy functioning of the environment. “Green economy” is a reply to global capitalism and the excesses of its elite practitioners, as they became manifest during the recent economic crisis. It roots in the observation of the parallels between the world’s ecological crisis and the financial crisis. Both are products of a failed economic and social system. The green economy model holds the potential to bring together the needs for economic security and environmental protection, and to integrate an array of reforms in policy initiatives, regulatory actions, business standards and personal lifestyle behaviors. A classical contribution of the private business sector to sustainable development is corporate social responsibility (CSR). The concept dovetails in the doctrine that a company is not only responsible for a positive economic performance, but also has to take care about the environmental, social and ethical aspects of its activities. Companies have to transparently report on these activities in their sustainability or CSR report. One of the main external advantages for CSR conscientious companies is that they are included by banks in ethical and sustainability portfolios. These funds, although originating in the US Methodist and Quakers traditions, are among the fast growing sections of the products offered by European banks. The CSR system is criticized by developing countries and NGOs for its improper use of green economy products (“green washing”). This paper shows that a “green economy” will be a necessary part of a more sustainable society in the future. CSR is a useful instrument contributing to this evolution. Optioning for CSR should be based on ethical considerations and the conviction that “going green” is important for the future of industry and services, rather than on the expectation of short term monetary profitability. More research on assessment methods and more coherence in the practical implementation of CSR are mandatory.
EN
The aim of this paper is to compare the production and economic results of organic and conventional farms. The analyzed results show that organic farms record a far lower level of the production of grain, potatoes, oil plants, slaughter pigs and poultry than conventional farms but are characterized by a higher level of the production of vegetables, fruit and protein plants than the latter. Organic farms bear considerably lower production costs than conventional farms, which contributes to the achievement of similar economic results by the two groups of farms. Direct payments to the production activity of organic farms significantly increase the level of their incomes.
10
Content available remote Zrównoważony znaczy bezpieczny
80%
EN
The author shows in his article that hopes related to globalization, which were also supposed to overcome the results of ecological crisis, have not come true. Such status quo is connected with the fact that nowadays the man has biggest influence on functioning of the world ecosystem, the man who exists in two environments simultaneously: social and cultural ones. According to the author all crisis phenomena have a global range, and what is more they consist of both environments in which the man functions. Therefore, every crisis, ecological one included, is severely felt, especially by people. Human communities were able to function in any environment, if they could accept and realize a form of the rule of sustainable development, which included functioning of anthroposphere and biosphere at the same time. Communities which were not able to do this were collapsing and even disappeared. Concluding, the author claims that also now there exists such a requirement, and thus the rule of sustainable development, propagated nowadays, is a consequence of historical experience of our species and the best way to provide optimum conditions of development for both humanity and natural environment.
EN
This journal has published in the 2003-5 period several contributions devoted to statistical analysis of the processes observable in the old and new EU member-states and assessment, based on that, of the sustainability of the Stability and Growth Pact, the chances of introducing the common currency in the new member-states, and the most expedient way of doing so. This article sets out to augment earlier analyses by looking at the solution now subject to professional and political debate: is the European version of a rule-abiding budget policy really just 'stupid', as Romano Prodi once said, or is it a frame with real economic content, so that observing it or even applying it more strictly than ever is a precondition for sustainable development in the new EU member-states, especially in the medium and long term?
EN
It is analyzed in the paper the essence and main components of economic mechanism for sustainable development implementation. Two main criteria for the efficiency estimation of economic mechanism are proposed. The first criteria describe the relationships between economic growth and pollution, the second criteria analyses ecological and economic convergence on regional level. Specific actions are proposed to improve the environmental policy in Ukraine.
13
Content available remote EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORDER IN WARMIA AND MAZURY VOIVODESHIP
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EN
The studies aimed at evaluation of the environmental order at regional level. The study covered Warmia and Mazury voivodeship. The data obtained from the resources of the Regional Data Bank (RDB) was processed by means of comparative indicator method. Selected indicators of sustainable development were selected from the perspective of environmental order characteristic and computed on the available statistical data from the years 2002-2006. The studies show that the majority of indicators for Warmia and Mazury voivodeship showed rankings and values above the average for the remaining voivodeships. Only indicators W(3) and W(13) obtained negative results during all the years covered. Year 2004 that was a breakthrough for environment protection did not generate major changes. The changes concerned mainly the financing of outlays on environment protection.
EN
In the article modern actual questions of ecologically focused activity of the enterprises are considered. Authors investigate advantages which receive the enterprises from introduction of environmental friendly production. National priorities in sphere of ecologically focused activity are outlined in article. Phases of development and realization of the concept of environmental clean production in Ukraine are analyzed.
EN
The purpose of this work is to illustrate the need for more precise analysis of issues related to soil-forming processes as services of the environment in terms of economy and practical applications. The term services of environment means the production of services by ecosystems, in the form of supplying matter, energy and information necessary for human life. The sources of production of those services in ecosystems come from their components which are in turn organized into structures. Changes in soil-forming processes in ecosystems are a consequence of physical, chemical, physiochemical and biological factors. Changes in soil-forming processes in ecosystems influence natural environment and therefore affect social and economic fields. One may argue that problems associated with preservation of soil-forming processes in ecosystems may result in many consequences in the field of economy. The estimation of the services of the environment (ecosystems) in terms of expenditures as well as consequences such as exploitation and degradation of biosphere is of significant importance.
EN
Ecological threats awaken fear among not only lovers of nature, but also more and more often among politicians and experts concerned with national safety and international problems. This situation can also be encountered in Poland. Ecology, however, is not a priority here, although environment protection and the problems it faces appear in different state documents. The present article is concerned with the issue of ecological safety in reference to the conception of national safety. This was mainly based on the Strategy of the National Safety of the Polish Republic which has been in force since 2007. An outline of the problems concerning the evolution of ecological safety in Polish national safety strategies have also been presented. According to the analysis of the contents of the mentioned documents, the article refers to the conception of development which is also closely connected with ecological safety.
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EN
During Millennium Summit in 2000 in New York, 189 member countries of the United Nations accepted Millennium Declaration. It contains Millennium Development Goals which are a form of road map for realization of development aid based on sustainable development in developing countries. The article discusses this problem.
EN
The article examines the features of the formation of an integrated system for managing sustainable development of the region. Considered scientific approaches to develop a structure and mechanism of an integrated system of regional development, including through the establishment of institutional mechanisms for the sustainable development. The principles of sustainability of natural systems and human indicators characterizing the processes of development of the individual subsystems: social, economic and environmental are considered. The functions, distinctive characteristics and prospects of integrated management system implementation in practice of management at the regional level. Highlighted the major problems of transition to sustainable development of the regions of Ukraine and Belarus. The characteristics of integrated strategies for sustainable development, as well as key features that it provides. The organizational and managerial conditions of transformation of regional systems for sustainable development are analysed.
EN
In order to hinder the deepening of the environmental crisis, the 57th General Assembly of the UN, in December 2002, declared the years between 2005 and 2015 the decade of education for sustainable development. This means that the international community earmarks a whole decade to achieving the goal that all levels and forms of education be permeated by the basic values of sustainability and environment protection. The first part of the paper presents psychological explanations of the emergence of the environmental crisis from evolutionary, social psychological and environmental psychological points of views, and describes the help psychology can offer in the management of the crisis. Psychologists have come forth with suggestions for the management of the environmental crisis, suggestions which, however, have rarely been realized due to reasons outside of psychology. The second half of the paper deals with the measurements of environmental attitude in Hungary, focusing on a study conducted with the participation of 750 teenage pupils. The concluding part of the paper reviews further research in the field of education for sustainable development in Hungary and outlines the future tasks for psychology in this field.
EN
The article is an attempt to define the problems of holistic thinking in terms of environmental education. Development of appropriate methodology in this matter, should ensure a better understanding of the environment, but also indicate the mistakes made so far in the process of environmental education. All these activities should create a new quality in the issues of land management. This should lead to more effective crisis management in the natural environment on the ideals of sustainable development. Preparation of appropriate methods of teaching about the resources of the natural environment, consistent with the idea of holistic education, becoming one of the most important goals we are currently facing. Achieving these objectives is necessary in light of the tasks that are put in the idea of sustainable development. Develop a unified methodology for the holistic environmental education, environmental philosophy and environmental ethics, should ultimately affect not only the state of knowledge regarding these issues, but also create future substantive grounds for studies of the process of pro-environmental attitudes.
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