Ten serwis zostanie wyłączony 2025-02-11.
Nowa wersja platformy, zawierająca wyłącznie zasoby pełnotekstowe, jest już dostępna.
Przejdź na https://bibliotekanauki.pl
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 27

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 2 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  UNITED STATES
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 2 next fast forward last
1
Content available BABICCY AMERYKANIE – DAWNIEJ I DZIŚ
100%
EN
Babica is one of the Subcarpathian villages from which, at the turn of the century, the first streams of migration to the United States began to flow. Emigration from this village rapidly became a common phenomenon. Krystyna Duda-Dziewierz, sociologist, decided to study the process. The research was conducted during the interwar period, and the results published in 1938 in a book entitled „The Malopolska village and the emigration to the U.S. A study of Babica village in Rzeszow Poviat1”. The study is one of the best papers describing the emigration of Polish rural people. Today, travel to the U.S. is still very popular and occupies an import ant place in the life of this community. A century of emigration in an almost unchanged direction owes its continuity to the dense social networks and migration chains which have developer since the first emigrants. The article compares the migration of contemporary Babica inhabitants to emigration from the beginning of the previous century
EN
The main goal of the paper is to present goals and objectives of the American foreign policy towards the Asia -Pacific region (1989 -2009). The period under discussion may be characterized by drastic changes in a global and regional geopolitical environment. In that context it is worth to monitor changes or lack of changes in the U.S. foreign policy towards this more and more important region of the world. The article refers to administrations of three U.S. presidents: George Herbert Bush (1989 -1993), William Jefferson Clinton (1993 -2001) and George Walker Bush (2001 -2009). The analysis takes into account mechanisms of shaping U.S. policy towards Asia -Pacific, a theoretical background of U.S. foreign policy and basic program documents of the U.S. administration. It is worth noticing that in spite of essential changes in world and regional systems, U.S. FP objectives towards the region remained similar, considering current political situation.
EN
Even though the English language does not have an official status in the United States, it is ideologically linked to the American national identity. Founding Fathers made ‘a deliberate choice of a policy not to have a policy’, as far as language is concerned. However, unsurprisingly, English became the most common language in the colony and Americans acted as if it were official. It was imposed on the immigrants at the turn of the 20th century (while the contemporary immigration makes the language issue very much up -to -date), and linguistic (and cultural) assimilation was also an important issue as for the conquered and the colonized territories. The article focuses on the American language policy at the earliest stage of the formation of the United States, and the policy towards the restrictions of non -English language use in the conquered and annexed territories (Native Americans, French -language natives of Louisiana, Spanish -speakers in the Southwest and Puerto Rico, as well as the population in Hawaii).
EN
Speaking English is perceived as essential to American identity. English language does not, however, have an official status in the United States. As a consequence of the change in the racial and ethnic composition of the US population, in particular the growth of the Hispanic/Latino minority, since the 1980s the country has witnessed the birth and growth of the English-Only Movement. The aim of the movement is to give English an official status. Even though no federal regulations have yet been passed, Official English measures have been adopted by many American states. This article presents the English-Only Movement within the context of earlier attempts to restrict the use of foreign languages in the US. It also briefly discusses some of the federal, state and local regulations.
5
Content available remote Ukraina jako obszar wplywow miedzynarodowych po zimnej wojnie
100%
EN
The researcher identified three main entities that have an impact on Ukraine, Russia, The United States and the European Union. Ukraine occupies their place in foreign policy each other is also a perception of the importance of Ukraine in Moscow Washington and Brussels. Therefore no coincidence that the analysis of Russian policy towards Ukraine in the book took more than twice the space of a description of activities and concepts that Kiev has developed against the EU or the USA.
6
Content available remote Anglosaska doktryna rozdziału władzy XIX wieku
100%
EN
According to a stereotypical opinion the theory of power division starts from Montesquieu, leads to Montesquieu and finishes with Montesquieu. Meanwhile you could not be more wrong — no element of the previous statement is true. The evidence constitutes even the very article concerning less-known adepts of this theory writing in Great Britain and the United States two centuries ago. One of them was John Taylor (1753—1824) from Virginia, a senator and one of the leaders of anti-federalists, belonging to the most influential American political writers of the 1th century. His main work is (An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States) from 1814. The author also discusses relevant opinions of the representatives of the British radical movement, the most well-known representatives of which were David Williams and John Cart- wright. The former is the author of Letters on Political Liberty from 182 and Lectures on Po- litical Principles published 7 years later. The latter, on the other hand, wrote (An Appeal on the Subject of the English Constitution) from 1791 and a treatise The English Constitution produced and Illustrated from 1823. Other political writers, the opinions of whom within the theory of power division are discusses here, are among others Jeremy Bentham (1784—1832), the author of among others A General View of a Complete Code of Laws from 1802 and Constitutional Code from 1827— 1830. Also, the opinions of American progressivists such as Woodrow Wilson, Herbert Croly, Gamaliel Bradford and Frank Goodnow were noted down. The biggest response was evoked by a small work written by the first of them (1856—1924) entitled Congressional Government in the United States from 1885.
EN
The article analyses transatlantic relations through the prism of civilisational difference. First, it suggests that the character of the current tensions between the United States and some European countries is primarily civilisational, and only secondarily political, diplomatic, military or economic. It is in this context that the central thesis of the civilisational difference is presented. This difference, it is claimed, springs from the dissimilar relation of the substantial part of Europe and that of America toward the classical and the Christian Great Tradition. The difference is then exemplified by the intersection of politics and economic life as well as the broadly understood issues of church and state, with special emphasis on the concepts of faith, reason, and freedom. The central part of the article analyses the very essence of the civilisational difference, juxtaposing American social and juridical dualism/pluralism and European monism. The difference is presented as the result of the essential continuity between the American tradition and the pre-modern heritage of the West on the one hand and the break with this heritage in the case of the absolutist and post-Enlightenment European tradition on the other. Finally, the article attempts to show how the category of civilisational difference may throw some new light upon current, difficult transatlantic relations. This is done, among other things, by the comparative analysis of selected excerpts from two famous declarations written by European and American intellectuals after September 11th, 2001.
EN
The main aim of the article is an analysis of migration streams flowing from Babica to the United States in the context of the social topography of the village. Babica is a village located in the south-eastern Poland, in the Province of Podkarpacie. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century emigration from this countryside became very popular phenomenon. During the Interwar Period, the research on emigration from this region was conducted by the sociologist Krystyna Duda-Dziewierz. As a major issue, she analyzed an influence of emigration on the social organization of a local community. One of the most important factor, which affected emigration from this village, was the social topography of Babica. Therefore, the analysis conducted in this article refers mainly to the impact of the social topography of the village on the migration process.
EN
In the history of Amerindians, the second half of the XIX century was a period of fighting for survival. Within merely one year white Americans displaced indigenes in their territories. During that time there were several fights and conflicts between local inhabitants of the continent and new settlers who were coming continuously. The majority of sources pertaining to this subject were created by white settlers, which resulted in a one-sided approach. The Dakota uprising (1862) is one of those events that were related on by Amerindians themselves. In 1994 one of the leaders of the uprising – Big Eagle, decided to present his account. Despite the fact that his story was written down after over 30 years form the time it actually had happened, and the chief himself complied with the lifestyle of white people, it is a valuable source and should not be eluded in the analysis of the events. Big Eagle’s story was compared with the stories of two other participants of the uprising: Lightning Blanket and a half-Indian, George Quinn. The analysis of these three accounts resulted in an attempt to recreate the uprising events, through Dakota eyes.
10
100%
EN
Even though the English language does not have an official status in the United States, it is ideologically linked to the American national identity. Founding Fathers made ‘a deliberate choice of a policy not to have a policy’, as far as language is concerned. However, unsurprisingly, English became the most common language in the colony and Americans acted as if it were official. It was imposed on the immigrants at the turn of the 20th century (while the contemporary immigration makes the language issue very much up -to -date), and linguistic (and cultural) assimilation was also an important issue as for the conquered and the colonized territories. The article focuses on the American language policy at the earliest stage of the formation of the United States, and the policy towards the restrictions of non -English language use in the conquered and annexed territories (Native Americans, French -language natives of Louisiana, Spanish -speakers in the Southwest and Puerto Rico, as well as the population in Hawaii).
EN
This article analyzes how cinematic and TV industries in the United States (“Hollywood” for short) attempted and managed to create a very specific stereotype of Basque immigrants, based on several elements from different sources such as the local stereotypes created in the places Basque immigrants had settled, based on their monopolistic relationship with sheepherding, the influence and misunderstandings derived from being Basque immigrant citizens from two European states (France and Spain) with strong, recognizable national stereotypes, and the mistaken identification that Hollywood has historically made between the Spanish and Latin Americans.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2010
|
tom 45
|
nr 2
105-114
EN
The notion of the Slovak language includes all its partial constituents, i. e. all Slovak dialects that make up a linguistic continuum characterized by the essential common features which constitute the fundamental unity of the language. Therefore the language Frank Sakalsky spoke was Slovak, although at the time of his emigration from Eastern Slovakia to America in 1882 he knew only one constituent of the Slovak language, i. e. his native East Slovak dialect. This dialect that he spoke in America is spontaneously referred to him as Slovak and he constantly claims to be Slovak himself. The Slovak linguistic continuum, deeply rooted in the past, is the result of an ancient ethnic integration.
EN
Travel accounts do not only record the experience of a journey and present unfamiliar lands and people to armchair travelers but they tell just as much about the self-perception and identity of the travel writer. This paper examines a special form of travel writing by analyzing emigrant accounts written by Hungarian revolutionaries in North America after 1849. The travelogues unveil the attitude of Hungarians both towards the home country and the New World and address questions of identity, highlighting the position of emigrants caught between two spaces – still Hungarian but already becoming increasingly American. The paper focuses on two travel writers/emigrants, Károly László and János Xántus, who became American citizens but also visited and worked in Mexico and wrote about both places in books and newspaper articles before returning to Hungary years later. The study introduces the concept of triangulation in these accounts and discusses how the (national) identity of these writers became more complicated with time, and how this complexity was reflected in writing.
EN
Higher education learning programs in folklore and ethnology should include training for the mastery of ICH and public folklore practices that are integrated with core curricula, grounded in theory and designed to build comprehensive professionalization of these disciplines. It should theorize practice and include engagement in actual projects with impacts beyond the classroom. A disjunction between theory and public practice which persisted for decades is now being addressed in graduate programs in ethnology and folklore, reaching towards what Bourdieu calls the “reconciling of theoretical and practical intentions”. The theories, issues and practices of public folklore currently and potentially taught in the United States suggest approaches that can be used for ethnology and ICH training. Topics can include cultural brokerage, intervention, heritage policies, cultural representation theories, dialogism, cultural sustainability, recontextualization, activism and advocacy, how community is defined, ethics and informed consent along with topics in heritage studies and the study of tourism. Practices taught can include multiple modes of presentation, media production, archiving, organizational and financial management, folklore in education and community engagement. Graduate training should include the intellectual history and contemporary dimensions of intervention in ongoing cultural practices transformative for communities and relationships of practitioners to their traditions. Folklore should be viewed as a practicing profession integrating comprehensive university training and reciprocal relationships between knowledge production in universities and the public sphere.
EN
This study reports the results of a survey conducted with a set of “hybrid home-school” leaders (principals or directors) from around the United States who were asked to describe 1. how their families categorize themselves (as home-schoolers, or as members of private schools), 2. ways in which their schools operate in terms of scheduling, hiring, etc., 3. how their schools are regulated in the various states, and how they work within those regulatory frameworks, and 4. how they were affected by COVID-19, both in the spring of 2020 and the fall of 2020. Respondents provided a variety of names to describe their schools and a split in how families see themselves. In terms of staffing, schedules, tuition, and similar issues, the schools provide several arrangements, within some consistent constraints. Respondents noted a variety of regulatory situations in their respective states, but none felt overburdened. Neither did any respondents point out particular problems that required regulatory relief. Regarding COVID-19, most schools reported feeling much less disruption compared to nearby conventional (5-day per week) schools.
16
Content available remote LEGISLATÍVNA MODLITBA AKO SÚČASŤ ÚSTAVNÉHO SYSTÉMU USA
88%
EN
Freedom of religion as a part of broader concept of freedom of conscience is one of the most precious rights held by the civilized men. First Amendment's Establishment Clause of the Constitution of the United States prevents government at least from establishing federal or state religions, discriminating, aiding or favouring one religion over the other and coercing individuals into religious participation. In 1983 the Supreme Court of the United States carved out an exception for opening state legislative session with a prayer. Based on the historical evidence the Court found that unless there is an indication that the prayer has proselytizing, advancing or disparaging effect, Establishment Clause does not preclude this type of prayer. In 2014 the same practice was upheld on a local government level (town board meetings).
ARS
|
2012
|
tom 45
|
nr 2
87 – 93
EN
The issue investigates the Central European variants of bohemianism, as seen in relation to Paris, but also to other centres, which adopted the French bohemian life styles, such as New York. What initially appeared to be a somewhat marginal issue, of interest mainly to the local researchers aiming to complete the archives of the transnational bohemianism, did, in fact, attract contributors from very diverse disciplines and from a plethora of academic centres worldwide, reaching from California and Colorado to New Zealand, not omitting the United Kingdom and France, as well as, of course, Hungary, Czech Republic and Poland.
18
Content available remote Instytucjonalizacja stosunków transatlantyckich
88%
EN
The article presents the institutionalization process of the transatlantic relationship at an intergovernmental, transgovernmental and transnational levels. Part one of the paper covers the years from the end of World War II up to the Soviet Union collapse at the end of the 1980s. During this period the partnership between the European Union and the United States was mainly inspired by the Cold War and common security interests. Part two analyses their relations in the 1990s as they were affected by radical structural changes to the international economic and political orders. Although the EU and the U.S. established diplomatic relations in early 1950s, cooperation between them was formalised for the first time in 1990 with the Transatlantic Declaration. Subsequently, the New Atlantic Agenda was launched in 1996 and the Transatlantic Economic Partnership in 1998. These transatlantic agreements focus on economic and political ties. They provide an institutionalised framework for official EU-US interactions: regular meetings at the Presidential, Ministerial and working levels. Each agreement created a new sphere of activity in transatlantic relations by adding principles and goals for cooperation and by establishing institutions to manage policy coordination. Nowadays transatlantic relations are an example of a partnership that ranks among the most significant and solid ones to be found in the global political and economic system. They are based upon strong roots and common values such as democracy founded on human rights and rules of law, innovative economies and sustainable growth. Moreover, this strong cooperation, rather than focusing just on bilateral matters, also extends onto many international forums, like WTO. There is no doubt that an additional value, as the positive side effect of EU-US cooperation, has brought enormous contribution to the multi-sphere global development.
EN
The article utilizes critical social theory and critical religious theory to examine the emergent and historically aberrant alignment between Catholic schools and neoliberal market-based reforms in the United States. The author traces the historical split between Catholic and public schooling, attending to the role of the litigious in shaping American parochial contexts. In the face of declining enrolments and vocations as well as skyrocketing tuition and a contracting share of the educational ‘market,’ Catholic leadership has sought public support through market instruments (tax credits and vouchers) in order to preserve dying religious schools. Lost in this paradigm shift is the irony of the move from proud separatism to a governmental reliance that would have seemed abhorrent thirty years ago. Missing, too, in the rhetoric of ‘saving Catholic schools’ is concern for the harm done to education on a whole when religious schools are presented as competitors with, rather than alternatives to, a free public education. Examined through the lens of the largest provider of Catholic schoolteachers in the United States, the article ultimately concludes that the public good is being sacrificed at the altar of religious pride.
EN
This paper explores the influence of social context, class, and ideology on attitudes toward immigrants in the US. Using the conceptual frames of heterophobia and resource competition, we hypothesize that between 1996 and 2014 attitudes toward immigrants would become increasingly negative because of changes in the social context, in particular the growth in the number and diversity of immigrants. We also hypothesize that people in more precarious labor market positions, without a college education, and with a conservative religious ideology will have more negative attitudes toward immigrants. Using the General Social Survey at three points in time (1996, 2004, and 2014), we find mixed support for our hypotheses. Attitudes toward immigrants became more positive in the overall sample, but more negative for religious fundamentalists. Religious ideology and education were better predictors of attitudes toward immigrants than employment status and self-identified class. In general, the data show more support for the heterophobia explanation for negative attitudes than the resource competition explanation.
first rewind previous Strona / 2 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.