Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Infrastructure Expenditures versus Local Budget Resistance of Communes under the Risk of Urban Sprawl

100%

Lityński P.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2017

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nr 1(47)

33-42

EN

The subject of the study is to identify the impact on communes budgets in Poland of one of the major costs of urban sprawl (i.e., excessive expenditure on infrastructure). The study takes two objectives: first, whether excessive infrastructure costs in Polish communes are common; second, what the mechanism is determining an excessive budgetary burden on communes through infrastructure expenditures. The objectives were made using taxonomic methods in relation to the 222 communes in Poland 2007–2014. Among the most important conclusions from the study is the fact, that excessive infrastructure expenditures are observed in Poland, but they are not a common phenomenon. The mechanism of an excessive budgetary burden of these expenses is determined by the weakness of the financial policy of the communes in terms of their own revenue and low level of economic development.

PL

Przedmiotem opracowania jest rozpoznanie wpływu na budżety gmin w Polsce jednego z ważniejszych kosztów urban sprawl tj. nadmiernych wydatków na infrastrukturę. W badaniach przyjęto dwa cele: pierwszy, odpowiadający na pytanie czy nadmierne koszty infrastrukturalne w polskich gminach są zjawiskiem powszechnym; drugi wyjaśniający mechanizm decydujący o nadmiernym obciążeniu budżetów gmin przez wydatki infrastrukturalne. Realizacji celów dokonano z wykorzystaniem metod taksonomicznych w odniesieniu do 222 gmin w Polsce w latach 2007–2014. Jednym z ważniejszych wniosków z badań jest, iż nadmierne wydatki infrastrukturalne są obserwowane w Polsce jednak nie są zjawiskiem powszechnym; oraz o mechanizmie nadmiernego obciążenia tymi wydatkami decyduje słabość polityki finansowej gminy w zakresie dochodów własnych i niski poziom rozwoju gospodarczego.

2

Green Belt Road jako jeden z komponentów chińskiej Inicjatywy Pasa i Szlaku 2.0

100%

Tomaszewska P.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

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2022

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tom 3(35)

47-66

EN

The aim of the article is (1) to describe the evaluation during the RDI initiative; (2) analysis of Chinese documents on “greening” projects under the Belt and Road initiative; (3) describe the impact of the initiative on the environment; (4) describing the role of socio-economic factors influencing the environment of RDI and sustainable development policy; (5) issuing recommendations and recommendations for the PRC. The article may contribute to intensifying the discussion on the environmental impact of the Belt and Road Initiative and to carrying out further interdisciplinary research – taking into account the multifaceted nature of this cross-border initiative. This is crucial as the impact of BRI is likely to be felt for generations after it is completed worldwide.

3

Spatial Distribution of EU Structural Funds in Poland in 2004-2006 - Factors, Directions, and Limitations

100%

Płaziak M. , Trzepacz P.

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

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2008

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tom 9

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nr 9

33-46

EN

In 2004, Poland joined the European Union. This access means the possibility of taking advantage of European Union Structural Funds. Apart from this the structural funds play another important role. The popularity of the idea of European integration in countries like Poland depends largely on the effectiveness of this financial support, which theoretically should lead to economic and social development on different levels (local, regional, national, and even continental). The main problem of relying on EU funds is their unequal availability, which is limited, for example, because of the granting principles.

4

Źródła finansowania rozwoju transportu

100%

Krzemiński S.

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

|

2005

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tom R. 44, nr 12

14-16

PL

Znaczenie dobrze rozwiniętej i należycie utrzymywanej infrastruktury dla rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego kraju. Nakłady na infrastrukturę drogową i kolejową przewidziane w projekcie Narodowego Planu Rozwoju (NPR) na lata 2007-2013 z uwzględnieniem środków unijnych i prywatnych. Trudności z wykorzystaniem pomocy finansowej UE i jak je przezwyciężać.

EN

The meaning of well developed and properly affirm infrastructure for social and economical country development. The outlays on road and railway infrastructure predicted for the project of National Development Plan for years 2007-2013 including union and private resources. The difficulty with using of EU financial aid and methods of their overpasses.

5

Importance of TEN-T Corridors in the Development of Infrastructure Example of Visegrad Group Countries

100%

Khúlová L. , Šprochová L.

Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia

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2016

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tom 9

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nr 33

49-57

EN

Transport is one of key factors of the development of each modern society. It is one of the most important areas that governments all around the world should address when developing national policy. The objective of the article is to define the importance of Trans-European Network - Transport (TEN-T) corridors in the development of infrastructure connections between groups of countries known as Visegrad group. TEN-T core network represents a trans-European transport system and includes the priority area of transport infrastructure. Individual Member States are obliged to complete the TEN-T core on its territory not later than 31.12.2030. The Visegrad group countries as neighbourhood countries presents perspective platform for cooperation in infrastructure development.

6

Aspekty prawne cyberbezpieczeństwa w infrastrukturze krytycznej

100%

Bryczek C. , Juszczyk A.

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2020

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tom R. 88, nr 2

16--21

PL

W artykule przedstawiono obowiązujące regulacje prawne dotyczące zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa cybernetycznego przez operatorów infrastruktury krytycznej (usługi kluczowej) w postaci Dyrektywy NIS 2016/1148/UE w sprawie środków na rzecz wysokiego wspólnego poziomu bezpieczeństwa sieci i systemów informatycznych na terytorium Unii oraz Ustawy z 5 lipca 2018 r. o krajowym systemie cyberbezpieczeństwa. Dodatkowo przedstawiono zagrożenia oraz przykłady ataków cybernetycznych. Zwrócono uwagę na dostępne rozwiązania zwiększające bezpieczeństwo cybernetyczne i problemy jakie mogą się pojawić przy implementacji zapisów ustawy o krajowym systemie cyberbezpieczeństwa.

EN

The paper presents the applicable legal regulations regarding the provision of cyber security by critical infrastructure operators (key services) in the form of the NIS Directive 2016/1148/EU on measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems on the territory of the Union and the Act of July 5, 2018 on the national cyber security system. Additionally, threats and examples of cyber-attacks are presented. Attention was paid to available solutions increasing cyber security and problems that may arise when implementing the provisions of the Act on the National Cyber Security System.

7

The market for rail freight services : certain selected aspects

100%

Markowska K.

Journal of KONES

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2015

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tom Vol. 22, No. 3

149--153

EN

The Polish market for rail freight services belongs to a group of markets with a relatively high level of liberalization. Strong competition on the Polish freight market, forcing the search for new sources of strategic advantage, is leading to processes of consolidation, merging and acquisition. There are high fees for access to the infrastructure, despite its relatively low quality of performance. Opportunities for rail-related international exchange are not being taken, the geographical location of Poland is not being taken advantage of and the quality of the services provided is low. An important role in the intensification of rail transport infrastructure is the condition of the railway network. The modernization of these networks by 2011 has improved the condition of the Polish railway infrastructure. The structure of the rail freight market by weight of cargo in Poland, the structure of the polish freight market, the dynamics of changes in the size of cargo in the years from 2006 to 2011 according to transported mass relative to the size of the cargo in 2004, advantages of rail freight services, problems with the development of the rail freight market are presented in the paper.

8

Ifrastruktura transportu szynowego

100%

Towpik K.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

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2002

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tom z. 48

93-118

PL

W artykule zamieszczono poszerzoną treść wykładu inauguracyjnego wygłoszonego przez autora podczas inauguracji roku akademickiego 2000/2001 na Wydziale Transportu Politechniki Warszawskiej. Scharakteryzowano w nim znaczenie technicznej infrastruktury dla kolejowego i miejskiego transportu szynowego oraz wskazano przewidywane kierunki jej dalszego rozwoju.

EN

This paper presents the extendend content of the lecture delivered by author during the inauguration of academic year 2000/2001 at the Faculty of Transport of Warsaw University of Technology. The great importance of the technical infrastructure of railway and urban transport is stressed and the anticipated directions of infrastructure development are indicated.

9

Problemy oceny efektywności kolejowych inwestycji infrastrukturalnych współfinansowanych przez Unię Europejską

100%

Kotowska-Jelonek M. , Dyr T. , Zagożdżon B. , Kozubek P.

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

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2008

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tom R. 47, nr 1

3-11

PL

Metodyczne problemy analiz efektywności inwestycji infrastrukturalnych w transporcie kolejowym wskazujące na trudności w identyfikacji i wartościowaniu poszczególnych strumieni pieniężnych. Teoria i praktyka sporządzania rachunku efektywności inwestycji w ramach studium wykonalności. Polskie uwarunkowania działalności sektora kolejowego i polityki jego rozwoju, kolejowe realia i wskaźniki ekonomiczne.

EN

The methodical problems of the analysis of the infrastructural investments effectiveness in the rail transport, indicating the difficulties both in the identification as well as in the valuation of the particular flows of money. Theory and practice of making the investments effectiveness calculation in frames of the feasibility study. Polish conditioning of the activity in the railway sector as well as the policy of its development , the railway realities and the economic coefficients.

10

Defence infrastructure - an attempt at identification

100%

Krzykowski P.

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2018

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tom 22

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nr 5

71-98

EN

Security and infrastructure are two closely related terms, which is why they are so often referred to at the same time. In today’s world, infrastructure is essential to ensure broadly understood security, and a lack of security will not fulfi l its basic role. Today, identifi ed threats and challenges to national security, and thus to the security of the state, evoke the need to participate in preparing all components of the defence system of the state. The management of state defence is a very complex process, requiring a properly prepared system to function reliably in times of peace, but also in times of crisis and war. Its role is to integrate individual elements of the defence system into a uniform and efficient whole. Effective defence activities and ensuring the security of its citizens and all its assets are the core activities of the state. The defence area of the state is now comprehensive in nature and is of interest to the entire apparatus of state power. The aim of the article is to present the role of the defence infrastructure in the life of the state, its relation to national security and an attempt to identify the defence infrastructure of the state, taking into account the key state infrastructure.

11

Rynek elektroniczny jako element infrastruktury rynku rolnego

100%

Strzębicki D.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

|

2015

|

nr 1(342)

144-156

EN

The article discusses the issues of conducting transactions in agricultural products via the Internet between businesses. In particular, it is dedicated to the so-called electronic agricultural commodity marketplaces that are virtual meeting places of buyers and sellers of agricultural commodities. The purpose of this paper is an indication of the changes taking place in the agricultural market under the influence of electronic marketplaces for agricultural goods. The research method that was used to write this paper was a case study. Three foreign electronic agricultural commodity marketplaces were analysed. Information on electronic marketplaces described came from their websites and scientific studies. The presented three examples of foreign electronic agricultural marketplaces show how complex is the issue of the development of electronic markets for agricultural commodities and how they induce profound changes in the functioning of traditional agricultural commodity markets.

12

The state of affairs of transportation and delivery in Hungary, sustainability studies, the introduction of European tendencies

100%

Magda R. , Szűcs C. , Bezzeg E.

Logistics and Transport

|

2012

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tom Vol. 16, No. 3

65-78

EN

Transportation and delivery play a vital role in the economy, an efficient transportation system has a determining role in it. Its importance is far more significant than what the transportation sectors proportionally represent. The ratio of transportation and warehousing, which belongs to the national economy sector H according to Unified Sectoral Classification System of Economic Activities, in the total output of the Hungarian economy in gross added value of the national economy is 5.7%, its share in employment is 5.9%, and about 5% of active enterprises can be found in this sector (2010 data).

13

Defence infrastructure - an attempt at identification

100%

Krzykowski P.

Security and Defence Quarterly

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 22, No. 5

71--98

EN

Security and infrastructure are two closely related terms, which is why they are so often referred to at the same time. In today’s world, infrastructure is essential to ensure broadly understood security, and a lack of security will not fulfi l its basic role. Today, identifi ed threats and challenges to national security, and thus to the security of the state, evoke the need to participate in preparing all components of the defence system of the state. The management of state defence is a very complex process, requiring a properly prepared system to function reliably in times of peace, but also in times of crisis and war. Its role is to integrate individual elements of the defence system into a uniform and efficient whole. Effective defence activities and ensuring the security of its citizens and all its assets are the core activities of the state. The defence area of the state is now comprehensive in nature and is of interest to the entire apparatus of state power. The aim of the article is to present the role of the defence infrastructure in the life of the state, its relation to national security and an attempt to identify the defence infrastructure of the state, taking into account the key state infrastructure.

14

High Altitude Platform : Future of Infrastructure

100%

Malinowski A. , Zieliński R. J.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

|

2010

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tom Vol. 56, No. 2

191-196

EN

High Altitude Platform (HAP) concept and idea is presented in the article. Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of HAPs are described. There is also the comparison available between HAPs and existing telecommunication infrastructure (terrestrial and satellite). Selected examples of the possible limitation and technological restrictions of HAP based systems are presented in the article.

15

Inwestycje w rozwój infrastruktury drogowej jako instrument polityki lokalnej gminy – ocena projektów realizowanych ze środków Unii Europejskiej w Mieście Białystok

100%

Busłowska A.

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nr 4(16)

63-79

EN

A commune is a basic self-government unit in Poland. Handing over a part of qualifications to the local level of self-government engendered the need of the effective and creative resource management for social, economic and ecological development of communes. Tools of infrastructure stimulating constitute the special group of instruments of local development. Equipping the area with social and economic infrastructure is one of factors and of indicators of investment attractiveness. It influences the quality of life of inhabitants. It is also contributing to the development of existing companies and attracting the outside investments. Tools that can be used in this area are: co-financing of investment by the commune and the independent realization by the commune of infrastructure investments. A main goal of this contribution is an attempt of the assessment of the results of projects co-financed from EU funds carried out in the field of the road infrastructure as the effective tool of the local politics. Analysis will concern the City of Białystok which is dynamically using public funds for the improvement in the infrastructure. In particular it will include results of all selected projects.

16

An analysis of the development of technical infrastructure in the south-east of Poland

100%

Salamon J. , Malinowski M. , Famielec S. , Brzychczyk B. , Łukasiewicz M.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2016

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tom nr IV/4

1923--1936

EN

In this paper was analyzed selected components of technical infrastructure functioning in rural areas of the Malopolska, Świętokrzyskie and Podkarpackie Voivodships. The level of equipping rural areas with specified infrastructure elements was evaluated in the form of density and availability of infrastructure components. The work has been specified the rate of change in the analyzed indicators. In each of the provinces was separated 4, homogeneous groups of municipalities due to the level of infrastructure and standard of living. The lack of consistency in the level of the dynamics of the development of infrastructure with the dynamics of the percentage of residents using the equipment was noted. A positive phenomenon is that the development of the sewage system in all three voivodships has a higher average rate than the average rate of the development of the water supply system. This is particularly important due to the significant underdevelopment of the sewage system in relation to the water supply system.

17

Assessment of water supply and wastewater infrastructure development dynamics in Poland in the years 2003-2013

100%

Malinowski M. , Salamon J. , Brzychczyk B. , Famielec S.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2016

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tom nr IV/4

1911--1922

EN

The paper presents an analysis of a chain index of water supply and wastewater infrastructure development dynamics in Poland in the years 2003-2013. The work aimed at determining the development index rate (relative growth) of water supply and sewage systems in Poland divided into 3 basic territorial units (rural, urban-rural and urban districts). Moreover, the paper describes the dynamics of changes concerning water consumption, share of population using water supplied by water supply systems, percentage of households possessing a bathroom and flush toilet and the share of population using sewage system during the analysed period. Conducted analyses used among others the chain index of dynamics to determine the rate of observed changes. The analysis revealed the greatest rate of changes for the indices characterising sewage system and the share of population using the system and wastewater treatment plants. Despite the fact that rural areas were characterized by definitely the highest values of the rate of changes and chain index of changes dynamics, the differences between rural and urban areas concerning water supply and wastewater infrastructure in Poland are still considerable.

18

Can we cast resilience in concrete?

100%

van Kleef E. A. , Stoop J. A.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2015

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tom Vol. 6, No. 3

141--150

EN

Infrastructural systems -such as railways- can be characterized as multi-actor socio-technical systems that are able to adapt during their life cycle, both to external disturbances as well as changes in the system itself. The design phase should mark the starting point for a resilient system to prevent ad-hoc and opportunistic design changes. A case study on the design and development of the High-Speed Line railway system in the Netherlands indicates that it is necessary to make both a technical and procedural evaluation of these future user’s possibilities before construction takes place. Once cast in concrete, the adaptive potential has been determined. The actors during design and operation adapt in different ways. During the design, the focus should be on the question which incentives are driving the designing parties towards a consistent and resilient design. The task for a strategic engineer or architect, is to understand how incentives and requirements influence each other and how they safeguard the future operational variance of the system and its safe performance. Such a strategic engineer should be involved in the project at the functional level, where requirements and incentives are formulated.

19

FINANSOWANIE ZEWNĘTRZNE INWESTYCJI INFRASTRUKTURALNYCH W CHOJNICACH W LATACH 2007 – 2009

100%

Kiedrowicz Ł. , Leper K. , Trzecińska J.

Przestrzeń, Ekonomia, Społeczeństwo

|

2013

|

nr 3/1

189-204

PL

Infrastrukturę dzieli się na dwa rodzaje: techniczną i społeczną. Infrastruktura społeczna obejmuje urządzenia i instytucje w dziedzinie prawa, oświaty, nauki, kultury i wypoczynku, ochrony zdrowia i spraw socjalnych itp. Do infrastruktury technicznej zalicza się przede wszystkim: system transportu, zaopatrzenia w wodę i kanalizację, energetyczny, łączności, ochrony środowiska, a także urządzenia gospodarki komunalnej, magazyny, chłodnie, urządzenia handlu, centra logistyczne. Celem opracowania jest zaprezentowanie sposobu finansowania tych inwestycji przez gminę Chojnice w latach 2007 – 2009. W gminie Chojnice wykorzystano na ten cel przede wszystkim środki z: Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego, kontraktu Wojewódzkiego w ramach narodowego programu przebudowy dróg lokalnych oraz miejskiej spółki zajmującej się układem wodno – sanitarnym Miejskie Wodociągi Sp. z o.o.

EN

Infrastructure is classified into two types: technical and social. Social infrastructure includes facilities and institutions in the fields of law, education, science, culture and recreation, health and social affairs, etc. The technical infrastructure primarily includes: transportation system, water supply and sanitation, energy, communications, environmental protection, and municipal equipment, warehouses, cold rooms, trade, logistics centres. The aim of this paper is to present the means of financing these investments by the municipality Chojnice in the years 2007 – 2009. Funds from the European Regional Development Fund, Voivodship Contract under the National Program of Reconstruction of Local Roads and municipal company engaged in the water supply and sanitation were used for these purpose in the municipality of Chojnice.

20

Zastosowanie technologii informatycznych w rozwoju infrastruktury transportu samochodowego

100%

Mysłowski J.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

|

2014

|

tom R. 15, nr 6

203-206

PL

W artykule przedstawiono przykłady zastosowania nowoczesnych technologii komputerowych w rozwoju infrastruktury transportu samochodowego .Spełniają one funkcje monitorujące i kontrolujące bezpieczeństwo i płynność ruchu, zapewniają możliwość zdalnego kierowania pojazdami i bieżącej informacji o przeszkodach i zmianach na zaplanowanej trasie ,pobieranie opłat na autostradach, automatyczny pomiar zanieczyszczenia środowiska oraz inne. Dzięki nim możliwe jest sterowanie ruchem strumieni pojazdów w całym systemie komunikacyjnym kraju.

EN

In this paper we present examples of employment of modern computer technologies in article in development of infrastructure of road transport. They grant functions monitoring and collect controlling safety and liquidity of traffic, they assure capability of remote drive vehicles and current information of barrier and on planned route changes, it collect on highways charges, automatic measurement of pollution and other. It is possible to steering flow of traffic in whole communication system of country.