Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Ślad na śniegu jako komunikat dydaktyczny w nauczaniu narciarstwa

100%

Sabat U. , Wiesner W.

Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu

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2013

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nr 40

63-69

EN

The ski teacher works in different conditions than other teachers, even different from other physical education teachers. The difference arises due to the season of the year and the venue of the skiing lessons. Such factors as the natural environment, harsh winter conditions, a potential threat to students’ safety and very strong emotions have an impact on human behavior, which is especially strong on the didactic communication on the slopes. The main difficulties regard the level and way of mutual perception of information. In search of effective methods of communicating between students and ski instructor we were attracted by the information value of the tracks on the snow. Each time a skier goes down he leaves ski tracks on the snow, which largely characterize the skiing technique performed. The properties of this track – its depth, radius, or type are dependent on many factors – including pressure forces, speed or force of friction. Raising the student’s awareness that the track left by him on the snow is the effect of the operations performed – may be an effective way of communication. This assumption constitutes the basis of the research problem. How to improve the didactic communication structure in skiing? Can the snow tracks be the basis of efficient didactic communication? Teaching effectiveness largely depends on the efficiency of the process of communication between teacher and students. The paper contains discussion focused on understanding the effectiveness of teaching skiing on the basis of a practical method that takes into account the analysis of traces of skis on the snow. The presented material is the basis for development of teaching methods to be used in experimental research as an independent variable.

2

Agility performance of adolescent Polish recreational skiers

75%

Paslawska M. , Wojtyczek B. , Raschner C.

Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism

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2012

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tom 19

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nr 3

3

The influence of short-term high altitude training on inflammatory and prooxidative-antioxidative indices in alpine ski athletes

75%

Elegańczyk-Kot H. , Nowak A. , Karolkiewicz J. , Laurentowska M. , Pospieszna B. , Domaszewska K. , Kryściak J. , Michalak E.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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tom 27

45-54

EN

Exposure of alpine skiing athletes, while training, at altitude hypoxia and low ambient temperature can modify the response of the immune system and increase reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of six day training model "live low - train high" on selected indicators of immune and antioxidant-prooxidant balance of alpine skiing competitors. The study was performed in 7 men, alpine skiers, who underwent 6-day training at Kaunertal glacier (3160 m). Before departure to glacier training, and after returning to sea level participants underwent series of tests. Somatic characteristics, anaerobic exercise capacity, blood morphological parameters and concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (hsCRP), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant status (TAS), total iron (Fe) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were assessed. High altitude training has led to a significant increase in anaerobic capacity (p<0.05) and serum concentrations of IL-6 and hsCRP (p<0.05). A negative correlation among the difference in iron (ΔFe) concentration between two study terms and the change of hsCRP levels was also found (p<0.05). Alpine training conditions led to a slight increase in immunological indices concentration in studied skiers. However, it did not cause any significant change in prooxidant-antioxidant balance, which could be related to earlier anaerobic training adaptation.

4

Biomechanics of Tactics of Running a Course in Four Alpine Skiing disciplines: First Course Geometry Results

63%

Erdmann W. , Aschenbrenner P.

Human Movement

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2008

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tom 9

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nr 2

124-127

EN

Purpose. The aim of the overall research on alpine skiing was examination of the biomechanical approach to tactics of running a course. The aim of this particular paper was presentation of first results on the geometry of courses of four disciplines. Basic procedures. The research covered competitions of alpine skiers during the 2006/2007 FIS World Cup. All four alpine skiing disciplines, i.e. downhill, super giant, giant slalom, and slalom, were taken into account. Each discipline was studied three times: in Italy, Austria, Germany, Slovenia, and Norway. 54 to 82 alpine skiers took part in each of the competitions. Differential GPS for geometry of gates setting and video camera for time data were used. Then the distribution of velocity for each runner along the entire course was calculated. Main findings. The first data on geometry of the ski courses revealed a large difference in vertical drop and length between the disciplines, with the angles of inclination, however, being similar. Conclusions. The knowledge of detailed geometry of ski courses is important since up to one-third of competitors do not finish particular runs. It happened that as many as ten skiers ran off the course at the same gate.

5

Methods for acquiring data on terrain geomorphology, course geometry and kinematics of competitors’ runs in alpine skiing : a historical review

63%

Erdmann W. S. , Giovanis V. , Aschenbrenner P. , Kiriakis V. , Suchanowski A.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2017

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tom Vol. 19, nr 1

69--79

EN

Purpose: This paper aims at the description and comparison of methods of topographic analysis of racing courses at all disciplines of alpine skiing sports for the purposes of obtaining: terrain geomorphology (snowless and with snow), course geometry, and competitors’ runs. Methods: The review presents specific methods and instruments according to the order of their historical appearance as follows: (1) azimuth method with the use of a compass, tape and goniometer instruments; (2) optical method with geodetic theodolite, laser and photocells; (3) triangulation method with the aid of a tape and goniometer; (4) image method with the use of video cameras; (5) differential global positioning system and carrier phase global positioning system methods. Results: Described methods were used at homologation procedure, at training sessions, during competitions of local level and during International Ski Federation World Championships or World Cups. Some methods were used together. Conclusions: In order to provide detailed data on course setting and skiers’ running it is recommended to analyse course geometry and kinematics data of competitors’ running for all important competitions.

6

Infrastrukturalne, ekonomiczne i psychologiczne uwarunkowania bezpieczeństwa w narciarstwie zjazdowym młodzieży

51%

Pasławska M. , Wojtyczek B. , Czerw A.

Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu

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2014

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tom 47

100-107

EN

Background. The fundamental aim was to analyze determinants of safety in downhill skiing. Material and methods. The level of thrill-seeking inclination was measured using the Polish version of Zuckerman’s Interest and Preference Test. The study involved 282 young people (aged 13–16). They were divided into 2 control groups (CN – no sport, CS – other sports) and one experimental group E – alpine skiing. Infrastructural and economic determinants were evaluated on the basis of an analysis of current literature. Results. The analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences between the means of the evaluated parameters in the studied groups, with one exception in scale I, where group E was significantly different from group CN. On a standardized 1–10 (sten) scale, the studied youth had results ranging from 5 to 7 stens. Only on the Decisional Involvement Scale, all the girls achieved 8 stens. 71% of young skiers declared that they preferred fast skiing. Conclusions. 1. Bravado, risk-taking and speeding should be eliminated by appropriate professional training. 2. In the top risk group there are mostly children preferring excessive speed and difficult routes. 3. The level of preparation of routes is correlated with the number of accidents. 4. Because of high accident rate, specialist insurance is necessary.