Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

A Comparison of Anthropometry between Ironman Triathletes and Ultra-swimmers

100%

Knechtle B. , Baumann B. , Knechtle P. , Wirth A. , Rosemann T.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

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tom 24

57-64

EN

We intended to compare the anthropometry of male and female Ironman triathletes with the anthropometry of male and female ultra-swimmers. Body mass, body mass index and body fat were lower in both male and female triathletes compared to swimmers. Body height and length of limbs were no different between the two groups. In the multi-variate analysis, in male triathletes, body mass (p=0.015) and percent body fat (p=0.0003) were related to race time; percent body fat was also related to the swim split (p=0.0036). In male swimmers, length of the arm was related to race time (p=0.0089). In female triathletes and swimmers, none of the investigated anthropometric variables showed an association with race time. We concluded that Ironman triathletes and ultra-swimmers were different regarding anthropometry and that different anthropometric variables were related to race time. We assume that other factors, such as training and equipment, as opposed to anthropometry, may better predict race time in male and female Ironman triathletes.

2

Social distances decrease of body height and the maturation rate of Polish girls in urban and rural population in the period 1967–2009

88%

Łaska-Mierzejewska T. , Dobosz J. , Nowacka-Dobosz S. , Olszewska E. , Wilczewski A.

Anthropological Review

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2016

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tom 79

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nr 3

281-299

EN

The aim of the study is to present social distances in biological development of youth in the period of changes in economic and political situation in Poland. Material and methods: 1. Nationwide study of children and adolescents aged 7.5 to 19.5 years started in 1979 and repeated every decade till 2009, 2. Survey conducted in the region of eastern Poland in 1987 and 2007, 3. Study of rural girls repeated four times between 1967 and 2001. The differences in body height and age at menarche between the inhabitants of towns and rural areas, as well as the differences between rural girls determined by diversified source of income for the family, will be presented. The age at menarche (AM) in each study was calculated using probit method. A monotonic decrease in body height differences between the inhabitants of towns, and girls living in rural areas was observed. On the basis of nationwide studies arithmetic means of the differences in terms of age were 1.9 cm in 1979 and 0.82 in 2009. At the same time, differences in the AM among girls in compared agglomerations decreased from 0.36 to 0.26, respectively. In eastern region of Poland the difference in body height between the residents of towns and villages in 1987 was 1.76 cm, and in 2007, only 0.38 cm; the difference of AM decreased from 0.41 to 0.14 years. The research conducted on inhabitants of rural areas has shown the earliest maturation and slightly greater body height for girls from landless families and the latest maturation and the smallest body height for the daughters of farmers. The differences in AM between the two groups decreased from 0.53 years in 1967 to 0.15 in 2001. The political transformation (1989) unequally influenced people on different levels of urbanization, different socio-professional groups and residents of various regions of the country, but was reflected in the results of anthropological research. The largest social advancement measured in terms of acceleration of maturation in the period covered by the research was characteristic for rural girls, especially the daughters of farmers.

3

Body Height of Adult Men Coming from the Pomerania Province in the Context of Gradients and Social Differences, Age and the Level of Physical Activity

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Wójtowicz E.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2012

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tom 4

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nr 1

27-34

EN

Background: This paper attempts to answer the following question: are there any gradients and social differences in a group of adult men coming from Pomerania Province resulting from their biological condition - body height.Material/Methods: Opinion polls were conducted in the years 2000-2007 in a group of 893 men aged 37-78 years. The subjects are fathers of first-year students of full-time studies at the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport (Poland). The questionnaire included open questions concerning the date and the place of birth, body height, education, performed job, social background and doing sport.Statistical analyses were conducted using Statistica 6.0 software. For continuous variables, the normality of distributions was verified using Shapiro-Wilk's test. In cases of abnormal distributions, medians were used and the differences between them were tested using the Mann-Whitney test or the Kruskal-Wallis test. The correlation link between quantitative variables was estimated calculating the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient. Changes of specific values of the feature into an appropriate rank were made when the distribution of the variable did not have a normal character.Results: The correlation between the level of physical activity and body height in the adult age does not reach the level of statistical relevance. The highest values of body height are achieved by younger men coming from cities who have the intelligentsia background with higher education and perform intellectual jobs.Conclusions: Differentiated body height is an anthropological reflection of still existing socioeconomic inequalities and still can be one of the anthropological methods of following social inequalities in a group of adult men coming from the Pomerania Province.

4

Measurement of Motor Fitness of Students Using the Rowing Ergometer

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Choszcz D. , Podstawski R. , Wysocka-Welanc M.

Human Movement

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2009

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tom 10

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nr 1

46-52

EN

Purpose. The aim of the study was to develop a mathematical model to determine correlations between selected somatic traits and indoor rowing test results over a distance of 500 m as well as differences in the level of motor fitness of students of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Material and methods. The research was carried out on a group of 274 full-time UWM students with the aid of Concept II Indoor Rower. The analysis concerned the effects of students' body weight and body height, year of study and the time required to cover the distance of 500 m during an indoor rowing test. Analysis of variance and regression analysis with stepwise elimination of the polynomial degree and form were used. Results. Only 15 subjects (5.5% of the sample) achieved the highest level of motor fitness, i.e. covered the distance under 92.7 s. A mathematical model describing the effects of decisive variables on the dependent variable was a model of regression of multiple variables of the 2nd degree. The exogenous variables were subjects' body height and body weight. Conclusions. The proposed mathematical model of regression of multiple variables of the 2nd degree can be useful for selection of individuals with predispositions to practice rowing at the academic and recreational levels. The proposed method of mathematical model development should be regarded as an algorithm for other, more versatile models involving additional variables.

5

Regional diversity in the socio-economic situation of Poland’s rural population in the period 1967-2001, assessed by anthropological methods

75%

Łaska-Mierzejewska T. , Olszewska E.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2013

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tom 17

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nr 3

26-32

EN

The analysis covered girls, aged 9-18, from farmer, farmer-worker and non-farmer rural families inhabiting 4 regions of Poland. Additionally, parents’ education, number of children per family and the wealth of the family were recorded. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of social stratification of the rural population, the economic crisis (1978-1989) and political and economic transition (1989) on the girls’ biological maturation. Age at menarche and body height were used as biological measures of living conditions. In the period 1967-1977 a marked acceleration in maturation and a significant increase in average body height were noted. The study repeated in 1987 demonstrated negative effects of the economic crisis (1977-1989). Research findings from 2001, after the political system transformation, provide evidence ‘compensating for losses’ recorded in girls’ biological condition during the crisis. The diversity of biogeographic and socioeconomic conditions of rural inhabitants in the studied regions is reflected in a marked diversification in age of menarche and body height.

6

Determination of a System of Women’s Clothing Sizes in the Goransko-primorska County of the Republic of Croatia

75%

Doležal K. , Hrženjak R. , Ujević D.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2016

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tom Nr 6 (120)

26--31

EN

The aim of this work is to improve the system of clothing sizes by the determining body measurements of adult women in the Goransko-primorska County of the Republic of Croatia. The system of clothing sizes was determined based on the results of anthropometric investigations of a specific population. Sorting data on body measurements results in their grouping in garment sizes, and based on this data, size-charts with significant differences in body shape and body proportions of a certain group of the population are created. In the system of garment sizes certain body dimensions define a garment size and create a scale determined by the standard. The standard characterizes body shape based on two dimensions of measurements, whereby the first is the basic (bust girth), and the second - a dependent variable (body height). This study was conducted on a sample of 1,104 subjects aged 20-85 years classified into seven age groups. Statistical analysis of the results, i.e. principal component analysis, was used to determine garment sizes and the presence of certain categories of them in the population measured in the Goransko-primorska County of the Republic of Croatia.

PL

Celem pracy było polepszenie systemu wymiarowania odzieży poprzez przeprowadzenie pomiarów antropometrycznych dorosłych kobiet. Wyselekcjonowano wybrane populacje, których wymiary pozwoliły na wyróżnienie grup różniących się znacznie między sobą kształtem ciała i jego proporcjami. Wymiary określonych części ciała determinują przynależność do danej grupy, określono standardowe wymiary dla poszczególnych grup. Jako podstawę przyjęto obwód klatki piersiowej oraz wysokość. Pomiary przeprowadzono dla 1104 osób w wieku 20-85 lat sklasyfikowanych w siedem grup wiekowych. Badania zostały udokumentowane analizą statystyczną.

7

Height loss with advancing age in a hospitalized population of Polish men and women: magnitude, pattern and associations with mortality

75%

Chmielewski P. , Borysławski K. , Chmielowiec K. , Chmielowiec J.

Anthropological Review

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2015

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tom 78

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nr 2

157-168

EN

The connection between the rate of height loss in older people and their general health status has been well documented in the medical literature. Our study was aimed at furthering the characterization of this interrelationship in the context of health indices and mortality in a hospitalized population of Polish adults. Data were collated from a literature review and from a longitudinal study of aging carried out in the Polish population which followed 142 physically healthy inmates, including 68 men and 74 women, for at least 25 years from the age of 45 onwards. Moreover, cross-sectional data were available from 225 inmates, including 113 men and 112 women. These subjects were confined at the same hospital. ANOVA, t-test, and regression analysis were employed. The results indicate that the onset of height loss emerges in the fourth and five decade of life and there is a gradual acceleration of reduction of height at later stages of ontogeny in both sexes. Postmenopausal women experience a more rapid loss of height compared with men. The individuals who had higher rate of loss of height (≥3 cm/decade) tend to be at greater risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. In conclusion, our findings suggest that a systematic assessment of the rate of loss of height can be useful for clinicians caring for elderly people because of its prognostic value in terms of morbidity and mortality.

8

Subjective assessment of body image by middle - aged men and women

63%

Demuth A. , Czerniak U. , Krzykala M. , Ziolkowska-Lajp E.

Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism

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2012

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tom 19

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nr 1

9

Nutritional status and puberty in girls

63%

Kulik-Rechberger B. , Furmaga-Jablonska W. , Szponar E. , Polkowska G. , Rymgayllo-Katska M. , Kozlowska M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2004

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tom 13

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nr Suppl.2, Part 1

EN

This study aims to find relationships between nutritional status, leptin and puberty. Methods. The research covered 66 healthy girls aged 9.8 ± 0.6 years, in prepubertal period. Body height, weight, arm circumference and skinfolds were measured, and serum leptin concentration was estimated. The evaluation of the pubertal stage and anthropometrical measurements was carried out again in a year's period. Results. During the observation, 32 girls reached the time of puberty (group I), while the other 34, at the same age, were still at prepubertal stage (group II). The girls in group II were shorter, lighter, had lower arm circumference, thinner skin fold on abdomen (p<0.02) and lower serum leptin concentration (p<0.003). Highly positive correlations between BMI, skin folds thickness and leptin concentration were proved. Conclusion. The results indicate relationships between the fat tissue amount, blood leptin concentration and puberty in girls.

10

Body height as a measure of the standard of living: Europe, America And Asia

63%

Kopczyński M.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2016

|

tom 76

PL

Body height reflects the standard of living in the first 18–20 years of life, while its changes serve as an index measuring the wellbeing of the society. Steady growth of body height in the Polish territory started in the 1860s. The changes recorded in earlier periods were reversible: the highest average was noted in Late Middle Ages, with body height then regressing until mid-19th century. The evolution of body height in Japan and Korea is a reflection of genetic and environmental conditions. The Japanese were higher than Koreans in the mid-20th century, but as the level of economic development of both countries became equal, the height of Koreans surpassed the average height of the Japanese. Even more dramatic influence of the environment can be noticed in the comparison of the body height of South and North Koreans over the 20th century.

11

Morphological features and motor skills of girls practicing speed skating as well as volleyball and basketball

63%

Momola I.

Physiotherapy

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2010

|

tom 18

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nr 2

56-62

PL

Celem opracowania jest porównanie rozwoju morfologicznego dziewcząt uprawiających koszykówkę, siatkówkę i łyżwiarstwo szybkie w sanockich klubach sportowych oraz ich sprawności fizycznej w oparciu o testy "Eurofit". Zawodniczki porównano z populacją polską i krakowską. Celem badań było też określenie współzależności pomiędzy mierzonymi parametrami. Badano 63 dziewczęta 11-letnie w latach 2006-2007. Wyniki pomiarów poddano analizie statystycznej z wykorzystaniem jednoczynnikowej analizy wariancji, korelacji prostoliniowej, analizy głównych składowych. Wysokość i masa ciała łyżwiarek, siatkarek i koszykarek mieszczą się w normie rozwojowej. Zawodniczki osiągnęły korzystniejsze wyniki w większości prób sprawności fizycznej niż ich krakowskie rówieśniczki i dziewczęta z próby ogólnopolskiej.

EN

The aim of the study was to compare morphological development and physical fitness of the girls training basketball, volleyball and speed skating in sports clubs in Sanok on the basis of "Eurofit" tests and to determine correlations between the examined parameters. The research results were compared with the centile charts of the girls tested nationwide and in Krakow. The test group consisted of 63 girls aged 11 and the study was carried out in 2006 and 2007. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis including one-way ANOVA, linear correlation analysis and principal components analysis. Body height and mass in speed skaters, basketball players and volleyball players are within the development norm. The players achieved higher results in most exercise tests than their peers from Krakow and the rest of the country.

12

A comparable analysis of diagnostic and classification features of professional basketball players

63%

Pluta B. , Andrzejewski M. , Posiadala D.

Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism

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2009

|

tom 16

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nr 4

13

Badania nad wiekiem rozwojowym dzieci szkolnych na podstawie oceny zdjęć fluorograficznych kośćca

51%

Kopczynska J.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1959

|

tom 10

|

nr 4

14

Relationship of vertical jump test with anthropometric parameters and body composition in university students - a gender variation

51%

Dalui R. , Roy A. S. , Kalinski M. , Bandyopadhyay A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2014

|

tom 05

|

nr 1

EN

Vertical jump test (VJT) is one of the important determinants of physical fitness. VJT score in school going children of West Bengal, India has been reported. However, pertinent data in young sedentary Indian males and females are unavailable. Moreover, the relationship of VJT with anthropometric parameters and different components of body composition has not yet been explored in Indian context. Debatable findings have been reported regarding the impact of body composition on VJT score. The present study was aimed to evaluate the VJT score in young sedentary Indian university students and its relationship with anthropometric parameters and different components of body composition with special reference to gender variation. Healthy sedentary university students (males n = 40 and females n = 40) with similar socio-economic background and age group of 21–25 years were randomly sampled for the study from the post-graduate section of the University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. VJT was evaluated by Sargent Jump Test, and body composition was determined by skinfold measurements. Body height, body mass, %Fat, Total Fat (TF ), LBM and VJT score depicted significant (p < 0.001) difference between male and female groups. The VJT scores obtained in the male and female groups were in the range of below average and poor, respectively. Physical parameters did not influence the VJT score in both genders. In the present study the VJT score exhibited significant (p < 0.001) negative correlation with %fat, individual skinfold, sum of skinfolds, and TF. Hence, body fat content posed as a hindrance to achieve higher jumping height, especially in females, where the lean mass helped to achieve greater VJT score in males.

15

Somatometria osob starszych jako wskaznik stanu odzywienia

51%

Roszkowski W. , Chmara-Pawlinska R.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

|

2003

|

tom 54

|

nr 4

399-408

PL

Dokonano przeglądu piśmiennictwa z zakresu somatometrii stosowanej do pomiaru stanu odżywienia. Omówiono pomiary wysokości i masy ciała, grubości fałdów skórno-tłuszczowych, obwodów ramienia, talii i bioder, szczególnie osób starszych i niepełnosprawnych. Przedstawiono sposoby wyliczania najczęściej stosowanych wskaźników antropometrycznych oraz ich interpretację.

EN

This review contains details on anthropometric measurements required for assessment of nutritional status in the elderly. These measurements provide indicators of fat tissue content or body composition and evaluate trends in nutritional status. Anthropometric measurements in the elderly are similar to these in other groups of population but they have to be adopted according to changes in constitution and posture of elderly and disabled people. The following measurements are presented: stature, weight, skinfold thickness and mid upper-arm, waist and hip circumferences. Derived measurements and indices of nutritional status are also discussed.

16

Wysokość i waga ciała chłopców w okresie dojrzewania

51%

Brzezinski Z.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

|

1959

|

tom 10

|

nr 5

17

Nutrition mode and nutritional status of boys and men in Poland

51%

Szponar L. , Rychlik E.

Żywienie Człowieka i Metabolizm. Suplement

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1996

|

tom 23

|

nr 2

18

Dojrzewanie kośćca a wzrastanie dziecka w wieku szkolnym

51%

Kopczynska J. , Brzezinski Z. J.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

|

1962

|

tom 13

|

nr 4

19

Selected Measures of Past Populations Health as the Indicator of the Biological Standard of Living

51%

Ogórek B.

Historyka Studia Metodologiczne

|

2018

|

tom 48

20

Somatic structure of the female students at the University of Rzeszow

51%

Szafraniec D.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Acta Biologica. Uniwersytet Szczeciński

|

2012

|

tom 19

EN

For many years, students of various backgrounds have been subject to research, including the anthropological studies. The second half of the 20 th century under - went a change in the anthropological view on the somatic race selection of pupils from various types of schools and faculties. The major aim of this work is to present the typological diversity of female students in the science faculties at the University of Rzeszów in the face of Kretschmer. There were the following specific aims: research in the influence of the social environment on the somatic structure of the female students, specification of the influence of the body structure and the social environment on the menarche of the surveyed students and the comparison of the results to the results of the authors in other academic centers in Poland. 2009/2010, 143 randomly chosen students of the Biological and Agricultural Studies at the University of Rzeszów were researched. Only full time course students were subject to the research. The standing position concerned the following measurements: body height (B-y), shoulders girth n(a-a), coxal girth (ic-ic), chest girth (at xi) and bodyweight. For each of the feature, the following parameters were taken: arithmetic mean ( X) standard deviation (Sd), variance (Sx), variation coefficient (V), minimum and maximum values. Based on those values, the body features of the students of various social origins and university specializations were compared. The evaluation of the statistical significance of the differences in the results of the students and the age of menarche of the students from cities compared to villages was conducted using t-Student test (p < 0,05).The somatometrical results showed the following indicators: Rohrer indicator, growth and shoulder indicator, chest girth indicator, BMI indicator aso-called “Kretschmer’s indicator”. On the basis of the above-mentioned indicators (excluding the BMI indicator), according to Kretschmer’s typology, the following female students’ body structures were specified. The survey data provided social and environmental birth order and the age of students’ menarche (the retrospective method): 1) The vast majority of the students of thee science faculties of the University of Rzeszów have the leptosomic body structure; 2) Students living in the village usually have wider shoulders and wider chest girths than the students living cities. Students living in villages are also heavier; 3) Sthenic-built women mature earlier, while women who have leptosomic body structure mature later; 4) Women students of the University of Rzeszów do not differ from other female students in Poland; 5) No relation between the place of living and the age of menarche was observed; 6) The students of the University of Rzeszów surveyed in 2009/2010 had heavier body structures than the students of 1999/2000.

PL

Młodzież akademicka różnych środowisk od dawna jest przedmiotem licznych badań, w tym antropologicznych. Druga połowa XX wieku to zmiana zakresu obserwacji antropologicznych – z doboru rasowego na zagadnienia selekcji somatycznej młodzieży z różnych szkół i kierunków studiów. Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zróżnicowania typologicznego studentek kierunków przyrodniczych Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego w świetle typologii Kretschmera. Celami szczegółowymi są natomiast: zbadanie wpływu środowiska zamieszkania na budowę somatyczną studentek, określenie wpływu budowy ciała i środowiska zamieszkania na wiek menarche badanych studentek oraz porównanie tych wyników z rezultatami badań innych autorów w różnych ośrodkach akademickich w Polsce. W roku akademickim 2009/2010 dokonano pomiarów antropometrycznych 143 wybranych losowo studentek kierunków przyrodniczych na Wydziale Biologiczno-Rolniczym Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, do badań zostały zakwalifikowane jedynie studentki studiów stacjonarnych. W pozycji stojącej zostały wykonane następujące pomiary: wysokości ciała (B-v), szerokości barków (a-a), szerokości bioder (ic-ic), obwodu klatki piersiowej (na poziomie punktu xi) oraz masy ciała. Dla każdej z tych cech obliczono następujące parametry statystyczne: średnią arytmetyczną (X), odchylenie standardowe (Sd), wariancję (Sx), współczynnik zmienności (V) oraz wartość minimalną i maksymalną, w oparciu o te wartości porównane zostały cechy budowy ciała studentek pochodzących z różnych środowisk zamieszkania oraz różnych kierunków studiów. Oceny istotności statystycznej różnic w wartości badanych cech oraz różnic wieku menarche studentek pochodzących ze wsi i z miasta dokonano za pomocą testu t-Studenta (p < 0,05). Na podstawie danych uzyskanych z pomiarów somatometrycznych wyliczono następujące wskaźniki: Rohrera, wskaźnik barkowo-wzrostowy, wskaźnik biodrowo-wzrostowy, wskaźnik obwodu klatki piersiowej, wskaźnik BMI oraz tzw. wskaźnik Kretschmera. Na podstawie tych wskaźników określono typy budowy ciała studentek według typologii Kretschmera. Na podstawie badań ankietowych zebrano dane dotyczące warunków socjalno-bytowych i kolejności urodzenia oraz wieku menarche studentek: 1) zdecydowana większość studentek kierunków przyrodniczych Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego charakteryzowała się leptosomiczną budową ciała; 2) studentki mieszkające na wsi miały szersze barki, większy obwód klatki piersiowej od tych pochodzących z miasta, były również zdecydowanie cięższe; 3) kobiety o pyknicznej budowie ciała dojrzewały najwcześniej, zaś o budowie leptosomicznej najpóźniej; 4) młodzież żeńska UR nie odbiega poziomem rozwoju cech somatycznych od koleżanek z innych uczelni w Polsce; 5) nie stwierdzono zależności między środowiskiem zamieszkania a wiekiem menarche studentek; 6) studentki Rzeszowskie badane w roku akademickim 2009/2010 charakteryzują się mocniejszą budową ciała niż ich rówieśnice z lat 1999/2000.