The aim of our study was to investigate the presence and quantitative contents of lignans in the tissues of Taxus ×media. The presence of the lignans: pinoresinol, matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol was assessed in needles, shoots cultures and suspension culture. Pinoresinol was the only lignan found in the tissue of T. ×media. The total pinoresinol content in the needles and in the shoots was 1.24 mg/g dry weight (dw) and 0.69 mg/g dw, respectively. Most of the pinoresinol identified was appeared glycosidically bound. In needles, the amount of glycosidically bound pinoresinol (0.81 mg/g dw) was about twice as high as that of free pinoresinol (0.43 mg/g dw). The content of free and glycosidically bound pinoresinol showed the level of 0.18 mg/g dw and 0.51 mg/g dw, respectively in the in vitro shoot cultures. In the cell culture, no pinoresinol was found.
The study investigated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inocula Endorize- Mix, and Endomix, and mode of organic-mineral fertilization, on mycorrhizal colonization and growth of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Golden Wonder', Taxus x media 'Hicksii' and Thuja occidentals 'Smaragd' under a nursery-container production system. The fertilizing combination consisted of compost (0, 10 and 20% v/v) and Osmocote Standard 5-6M (1.5 and 3 g dm-3). The frequency of mycorrhiza in the root system, and growth of plants were evaluated. The use of Endorize-Mix resulted with mycorrhiza formation in all tested plants. The use of Endorize-Mix and Endomix in the container nursery production system allowed for the possibility of achieving well mycorrhized coniferous plants cultivated in pure peat-moss substrate and fertilized at the recommended rate of Osmocote Standard 5 -6M. The use of Endorize-Mix ameliorated growth of C. lawsoniana and the use of Endomix ameliorated the growth of T. media after two years of cultivation.
PL
Badano wpływ szczepionek mikoryzowych zawierających grzyby arbuskularne oraz nawożenia mineralno-organicznego na stopień zmikoryzowania oraz wzrost Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Golden Wonder', Taxus x media 'Hicksii' i Thuja occidentals 'Smaragd' uprawianych w systemie szkółki pojemnikowej. W doświadczeniu zastosowano 6 kombinacji nawozowych skłdających się z trzech dawek kompostu (0, 10 i 20% dodawanego objętościowo) oraz dwóch dawek nawozu o spowolnionym działaniu (SRF, 1,5 i 3 g ' dm-3). Oceniano poziom zmikoryzowania roślin oraz mierzono ich wzrost. Wszystkie rośliny, u których zastosowano szczepionkę Endorize- Mix charakteryzowały się wysokim stopniem zasiedlenia systemu korzeniowego przez grzyby mikoryzowe. Stosowanie obu szczepionek pozwoliło uzyskać wysoko zmikoryzowane ro śliny iglaste uprawiane w warunkach szkółki pojemnikowej w podłożu torfowym oraz przy standardowym nawo żeniu nawozami o spowolnionym działaniu. Zastosowanie szczepionki Endorize-Mix poprawiło wzrost roślin C. lawso- niana, a zastosowanie szczepionki Endomix poprawiło wzrost T. media.
Paklitaksel stosowany jest w leczeniu raka piersi i jajników. Źródła pozyskiwania tego związku (kora cisów, kultury tkankowe, półsynteza) są ograniczone. Drugim interesującym związkiem, występującym w igliwiu cisów w stosunkowo dużej ilości (0,1% s.m.), jest 10-deacetylobakkatyna III (10-DAB III). Związek ten jest wykorzystywany do semisyntezy docetakselu, który również wykazuje działanie cytostatyczne. Różnicujący się w korzenie kalus otrzymano na pożywce DCR z 1 mg/1 NAA. Najszybciej pojawiały się korzenie na pożywce zestalonej phytagarem - po 6-8 tygodniach. Korzenie normalne, po oddzieleniu od kalusa, umieszczono w pożywce płynnej o tym samym składzie mineralnym, ale z 0,1 mg/l NAA. Zawartość 10-DAB III w różnicującym się kalusie wynosiła 36 ug/g s.m., a w korzeniach normalnych 13 ug/g. Zastosowanie 100 uM jasmonianu metylu spowodowało wzrost produkcji tego związku w korzeniach do 31 ug/g s.m. W różnicującym się kalusie zawartość paklitakselu (oznaczonego metodą HPLC) wynosiła 13 ng/g s.m.
EN
Paclitaxel is well known antitumour agent applied to treatment for various cancers. The source of this chemical compound are very limited (bark of yew, plant tissue culture, semisynttesis). The second compound of interest is 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB III) that high content was found in needles of many Taxus species (0.1% D.W.). 10-DAB 111 is used for semisynthesis of docetaxel which possesses cytostatic activity. The root-proliferating callus occurred within 6-8 weeks on the basis of seedling hypoootyls of Taxus x media var. Hicksii cultivated on DCR medium containing 1 mg/1 NAA. Adventitious roots separated from callus were placed into DCR liquid medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA where their elongation was observed. The content of 10-DAB III determined using ELISA in differentiated callus was 30ug/g D.W. while roots themselves contained 13 ug/g D.W. of 10-DAB III. Addition of methyl jasmonate to the medium caused the increase of 10-DAB III production in root culture from 13 ug/g to 31 ug/g D.W. Paclitaxel content (established by HPLC method) in differentiated callus was 13 ug/g D.W.
Natural resources of paclitaxel, an effective anticancer compound, were threat ened with extinction soon after the discov - ery of this valuable substance. Cell suspension cultures derived from different Taxus species have rapidly become an alternative source of paclitaxel and other taxanes. In this paper we provide some in sight into cell growth characteristics in cell suspension culture of Taxus x media cv. Hicksii, with emphasis on the ef fects of jasmonic acid (JA) on taxane production in cell lines with different initial taxane content. Ad ditionally cell growth characteristics of two cell lines was followed during cultivation of cell suspension culture of Taxus x media cv. Hicksii. Packed cell volume (PCV) was shown to be a reliable and efficient alternative for measuring cell growth in stead of fresh and dry weight. The initial to tal taxane content was screened in a number of cell lines, followed by observing the effect of JA on cell mass and to tal taxane production of se - lected lines. We showed a great variability in initial taxane content in different cell lines, which decreased during cell sus - pension maintenance. JA was shown to in hibit cell growth and in crease to tal taxane production (14 to 106 fold).