Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

"Tlusté“ tělo v normalizačním Československu: povinná zdatnost a gender v kampani proti obezitě

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Appeltová M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2016

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tom 17

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nr 1

15-28

EN

This article analyses anti-obesity discourse in post-war Czechoslovakia, particularly in the country’s late socialist period. The article conceives of the discourse on obesity as a tool of biopolitical, rather than totalitarian, power, examining the ways expert knowledge, power, and morality worked together to produce a socialist subject. On the first level, it analyses the expert anti-obesity discourse as an example of the expertisation of public discourse in socialist Czechoslovakia. Second, it shows the construction of obesity in contrast to bodily ability, and the stigmatisation of the ‘fat’ body. On the last level, the article focuses on the gendered aspects of the discourse and demonstrates the ways in which the anti-obesity campaign supported the heteronormative framework of late socialism. By examining expert and media discourses, the article argues that the campaign against obesity served as a means to construct a proper socialist body and induce a moral panic about the state of socialism.

2

Features of the course of acute pancreatitis in patients with obesity

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Kebkalo A. , Tkachuk O. , Reyti A.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2019

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tom 91(6)

28-34

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the course of acute pancreatitis in obese patients, the development of local and systemic complications and mortality rates. Materials and methods: We took and analyzed 482 histories of acute pancreatitis treated at Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital from January 1, 2011 to February 2, 2019. The data were statistically processed in the Excel 2010 program using a descriptive method applying relative, absolute numbers, mean square deviations and their errors. A correlation between variables was studied using the Pearson’s test (R2). The significance of the difference between the two independent groups was tested with Student’s t-test. Results: We included 482 patients in our study, i.e. 260 patients (54%) with obesity (the study group), and for comparison, 222 (46%) patients with normal body mass, constituting a control group. Obese patients had a higher mean age (55.4 ± 9.4 years, P = 0.01); also, they showed a statistically higher incidence of severe course of acute pancreatitis [85 (32.7%) vs. 16 (7.2%); P = 0.01*]. We noted an increase in the rate of acute pancreatitis with severe course in obese patients with mass gain (from 10.20% to 53.93%, P = 0.03*). Hospitalization time of obese patients was longer than in case of patients with normal body mass. In addition, we observed a two-fold longer hospitalization of obese patients at intensive care units (5.8 ± 0.8 vs. 2.7 ± 0.5 days, P = 0.01*). When investigating the mortality rate, we found out that the main cause of death was the progression of organ failure – 30 cases (6.3%), pulmonary embolism (TB) – 15 (3.1%) and DIC – 18 (3.7%). C onclusions: The presence of obesity in patients involves a high risk of severe acute pancreatitis. This risk increases with body mass increase. In addition, in obese patients the hospitalization and in-patient care takes longer, which increases the total cost of treatment and requires a cost-effective algorithm in the future. A high mortality rate in obese patients requires an improved treatment algorithm.

3

Ocena stanu zdrowia dzieci wrocławskich w wieku 6,5–9,5 lat. Część 1

63%

Noczyńska A. , Zubkiewicz-Kucharska A. , Mysłek-Prucnal M. , Bosak-Prus M.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2014

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nr 1

25-28

PL

Wstęp. W ostatnich latach coraz częściej obserwuje się u dzieci nieprawidłową masę ciała i/lub wzrostu oraz wady postawy. Cel pracy. Sprawdzenie sytuacji zdrowotnej dzieci uczęszczających do trzech pierwszych klas szkół podstawowych we Wrocławiu. Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 1984 dzieci (97,92%) – 934 chłopców (47%) i 1050 dziewczynek (53%) w wieku 6,5–9,5 lat z 26 wybranych losowo publicznych szkół we Wrocławiu. Każde dziecko było badane, ważone i mierzone według obowiązujących standardów. Wyniki. Otyłość stwierdzono u 91 (4,6%), nadwagę – u 180 (9,01%), niedobór masy ciała – u 103 (5,1%), niedobór wzrostu – u 99 (5%) dzieci. Wnioski. W badanej grupie dzieci stwierdzono niepokojąco wysoki odsetek dzieci z nieprawidłową masą ciała. Wskazuje to na potrzebę edukacji prozdrowotnej wśród rodziców oraz dzieci najmłodszych klas. Istnieje pilna potrzeba poprawy opieki pediatrycznej w celu wcześniejszej diagnostyki i skutecznego leczenia chorób cywilizacyjnych

XX

Background. Increase in prevalence of body mass and height shortage or obesity has recently been observed. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the health situation of Wroclaw’s children during the first three years of school education. Material and methods. The study included 1984 children (97.92%), 934 boys (47%) and 1050 girls (53%), aged 6.5–9.5 years,who were attending 26 randomly selected public schools in Wrocław. Anamnesis, complete physical examination and anthropometrical examination was done to every child who took part in the project. Results. Physical examination revealed obesity in 91 (4.6%), overweight in 180 (9.01%), body mass deficit in 103 (5.1%), short stature in 99 (5.0%) children. Conclusions. High prevalence of improper body mass was found in the studied group. Effective education of healthy lifestyle should help to reduce body mass deficiency as well as obesity prevalence. Urgent improvement in pediatric care for early diagnosis and treatment of civilization diseases is needed.

4

Obese and female adolescents skip breakfast more than their non-obese and male peers

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Rashidi A. , Mohammadpour-Ahranjani B. , Karandish M. , Vafa M.-R. , Hajifaraji M. , Ansari F. , Sadeghi S. , Maddah M. , Kalantari N. , Akhavi-Rad M.-B.

Open Medicine

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2007

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tom 2

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nr 4

481-487

EN

We examined the association between overweight/gender and skipping breakfast among adolescent students in Tehran city using a cross-sectional study and a multistage random sampling method. All educational zones in Tehran city were covered during the educational year of 2000–01. In total, 2321 students aged 11–16 years (1068 male; 1263 female) participated in the study. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was calculated. Overweight, pre-obesity and obesity were defined as BMI ≥ 85th, 85th to 95th, and ≥ 95th percentile of age-sex-specific BMI reference values, respectively. Self-reported frequency of breakfast consumption was categorized as usual/always, often, and rarely/never (5–7, 2–4 and 0–1 times/wk, respectively). Student’s t and Chi-square tests were employed to analyze the data. Statistical inferences were made at α = 0.05. In boys and girls, the mean ± standard deviation of BMI was 19.8 ± 4.0 and 20.6 ± 4.1 kg/m2, the 18.8% and 23.1% were overweight, and 7.3% and 8.3% were obese, respectively. There was a significant difference in the frequency of breakfast consumption between obese and normal male students (P < 0.001). Differences between pre-obese and normal, and obese and normal female students were also significant (P < 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). A significant difference was found in the frequency of breakfast consumption between male and female adolescents in all three categories (P < 0.001). These results suggest that obese and female adolescents are more likely to skip breakfast than their normal and male peers and are therefore at higher risk for growth deficits and low educational performance. Preventive/educational programs are urgently needed in this age group.

5

Human Serum Paraoxonase Activity Decreases After Vertical Banded Gastroplasty*

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Goyke B. , Goyke E. , Śledziński T. , Adrych K. , Raczyńska S. , Śledziński Z. , Świerczyński J.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2007

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tom 79

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nr 6

436-444

EN

The aim of the study. Investigation of the effect of vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), which is an effective method of treating patients with morbid obesity on serum paraoxonase (PON) activity.Material and methods. Serum PON activity was measured in twenty eight morbidly obese patients 6 and 12 months after surgery. PON activity was also measured in the serum and liver of rats maintained on a restricted diet for one month.Results. We found that VBG-induced significant reduction in body weight and serum PON activity at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Similar patterns of decreases in serum paraoxonase activity in obese patients after VBG were observed in A, AB and B paraoxonase/esterase phenotypes. After VBG, several clinically relevant events occurred: a) a decrease of serum triacylglycerol concentration was observed; b) no significant changes in total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were found; c) serum HDL-cholesterol concentration increased slightly.Paraoxonase activity in the serum of rats maintained on a restricted diet, which induced approximately 30% and 50% of rat body weight and fat mass loss, respectively, was lower than in control animals.Conclusions. This study indicates that after VBG significant decreases in serum paraoxonase activity occur in obese subjects. It is likely that less food ingestion and possibly a different type of food consumed by the obese subjects after VBG (compared to type of food consumed before surgery) may contribute to decreases in serum PON activity.

6

Evaluation of an Incentive-Based Obesity Management Program in a Workplace

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Hwang G. , Yoon C. , Jung H. , Kim Y.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2011

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tom Vol. 17, No. 2

147--154

EN

This study is to analyze the effectiveness of an incentive-based obesity management program (the Midas Project aimed to improve good health habits) at an electronics company in 2005. A total of 95 company participants with a high body mass index (BMI) were recruited for a health promotion program for 3 months that awarded gold medals as an incentive for body fat loss. BMI decreased from 28.8 to 27.8 kg/m² (p = .000), body weight decreased from 87.2 to 83.5 kg (p = .000), and body fat weight decreased from 25.4 to 23.3 kg (p = .000). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased from 130.5 to 125.1 mmHg (p = .002), from 86.4 to 81.7 mmHg (p = .009). The percentage of participants exercising more than 3 times per week increased from 27.3 to 52.3% (p = .000). The percentage who avoided overeating at parties and midnight eating increased from 65.9 to 72.7% (p = .767) and 70.5 to 84.1% (p = .172), respectively. This incentive-based obesity management program was effective in improving not only BMI but also health status.

7

The World Health Organisation's Rationale for Physical Activity: a Philosophical Critique

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Bloodworth A. , McNamee M.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2009

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tom 46

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nr 1

58-69

EN

The World Health Organisation's rationale for physical activity draws heavily on scientific evidence regarding disease and obesity. Greater philosophical reflection on such concepts, along with a recognition that supposed scientific facts are rarely value-free, allow for a more positive and considered argument for physical activity and its benefits. Olympism, Olympic culture, sports education, pedagogy of sport

8

The role of obesity in modifying the course of periodontal diseases

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Walis M. , Kłosek S.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2014

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tom 4

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nr 1

195-199

XX

Overweight and obesity constitute a serious social problem. They are considered hazards of developed countries. Overweight and obesity affect both adults and children. Numerous researches on the negative impact of obesity on the condition of oral cavity have been conducted. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the most recent data published and noted in PubMed database between 2007 and 2014, on the association between overweight and obesity and oral diseases, including caries and periodontal diseases, as well as to discuss their mechanisms. The majority of studies discussed in this paper demonstrate the existence of an association between obesity and the health of the oral cavity. An association between overweight and obesity expressed as various anthropometric indices, and oral cavity conditions should be the subject of further prospective studies.

9

Dietary patterns, overweight and obesity rates in children aged 9-12 in primary schools of Greek island Lemnos

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Tsiliou S. , Rigopoulos N. , Koutelidakis, A.E

Progress in Health Sciences

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2016

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tom 6(2)

51-58

EN

Purpose: Children obesity consists a fundamental problem of public health in Greece. The understanding of the factors which is correlated to is a requirement for the implementation of intervening policy and treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate the dietary habits of the students in Lemnos Island and their correlation to obesity and overweight rates. Materials and methods: 130 students of the 4th, 5th and the 6th grade from three primary schools of Lemnos Island completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A weigh measurement followed BMI calculation with the use of growth charts in order to estimate the rates of obese, overweight and underweight children. Correlations were carried out between children dietary patterns and their BMI. Results: Τhe majority of the children follow a balanced diet according to the nutritional recommendations. The obesity prevalence and the overweight rates of the Lemnos students was 8.2% and 16.4%, respectively. 72.4% of the students had normal weight, whereas 3% of them were underweight. There was no correlation of obesity/overweight rates with the dietary patterns and physical activity. Boys consume breakfast more frequently in comparison to girls and are more occupied with athletic activities. In the 4th grade the breakfast consumption was more frequent in comparison to the 6th grade. Conclusions: The students of Lemnos appear low rates of overweight, in comparison with other studies in Greek land, by following a balanced diet. The environment and the living conditions of the children on the island may contribute to adapting a healthier way of living.

10

Relation of the protein glycation, oxidation and nitration to the osteocalcin level in obese subjects

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Razny U. , Goralska J. , Zdzienicka A. , Fedak D. , Masania J. , Rabbani N. , Thornalley P. , Pawlica-Gosiewska D. , Gawlik K. , Dembinska-Kiec A. , Solnica B. , Malczewska-Malec M.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2017

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tom 64

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nr 3

415-422

EN

Carboxylated osteocalcin (Gla-OC) contributes to the bone formation, whereas its undercarboxylated form (Glu-OC) takes part in the energy metabolism. In vitro studies had shown that treatment of osteoblast-like cells with advanced glycation end product-modified bovine serum resulted in reduced synthesis of collagen 1 and osteocalcin. The aim of this study was to find association between Gla-OC and markers of protein glycation, oxidation and nitration, as well as pro-inflammatory and antioxidant defense markers in obese subjects. Non-obese [(body mass index (BMI)<30 kg/m; n=34)] and obese subjects (30

11

Effects of obesity on health condition with an emphasis on bone tissues disorders

51%

Dariusz Wolski D. , Joanna Michalik J. , Marek Bieńko M. , Radosław P. Radzki R. P.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2018

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nr 2

117-122

EN

Introduction. Obesity is today one of the most dangerous and the fastest growing civilization diseases in the world. The number of overweight or obese people is continually increasing. Obesity is defined as abnormal fat accumulation in an organism that may cause health impairment. Obesity may be conducive to an increased risk increase for occurrence of cardiovascular diseases as well as stroke, some types of cancer, endocrinal disorders, osteoarthritis and other bone disorders. Some studies have demonstrated that high body mass index (BMI) is protective against the development of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in men and women. In slim people with a lower BMI than normal, weight loss is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). On the other hand, obesity in childhood may lead to fragility fractures and may lead to early development of osteoporosis in adulthood. Currently, we have numerous methods for measurement of obesity such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). These methods are useful for diagnosing obesity and bone tissue disorders such as osteopenia with sarcopenia or osteoporosis, in particular in perimenopausal women and men after andropause. Aim of the study. The purpose of the study was review the literature on obesity and bone tissue disorders and their interrelations. Material and method. Analysis of literature.

12

Mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between anxiety and health behaviors of obese adolescents

51%

Ziarko M. , Kaczmarek Ł. D. , Mojs E.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2012

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tom 43

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nr 2

145-150

EN

Obesity is one of the major health problems in adolescents. Health-detrimental lifestyle (i.e. lack of physical activity, inappropriate nutrition) as well as maladaptive styles of coping with stress are regarded as belonging among determinants of obesity. The aim of the study was to establish factors mediating between anxiety and diet-related health behaviors. Participants in the study were 113 adolescents with obesity whose body weight was over 97th centile. They were examined using a set of self-report questionnaires to measure anxiety, coping styles and health behaviors. Emotion-focused coping and seeking social contacts (social diversion) were found to act as mediators between adolescents’ trait anxiety and their health behaviors. The findings suggest that to enhance obese adolescents’ health-promoting behaviors appropriate conditions should be ensured that would not only enable them to express their emotions, but also promote their socializing with peers.

13

Assessment of the BMI, WHR and W/Ht in pre- and postmenopausal women

51%

Skrzypczak M. , Szwed A. , Pawlińska-Chmara R. , Skrzypulec V.

Anthropological Review

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2007

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tom 70

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nr 1

3-13

EN

The main goal of this study was to determine whether and how values of the BMI, WHR and W/Ht indicators change in pre- and postmenopausal women. The tested group consisted of 10,216 women aged 25-95 years. Data were collected during the national campaign "Fighting Obesity", organized by Hand-Prod Company between 2000-2002 across Poland, when adult women voluntarily filled in a questionnaire and participated in anthropometric measurements. The BMI, WHR and W/Ht values were calculated based on these measurements. The values of the BMI, WHR and W/Ht change with age. However, in each age group postmenopausal women have higher BMI, WHR and W/Ht than premenopausal women. Thus, the results obtained indicate that hormonal changes occurring in the climacterium period cause an increase in the analyzed index values. The BMI used herein is characterized by high accuracy in indicating obesity. Moreover, the WHR and W/Ht are also used as adiposity indicators, which may be useful in assessment of the risk of disease or death caused by hypertension, cardiac diseases, diabetes, or even cancers. However, they should not be used only in relation to obese women, because even a slight increase in visceral obesity, with body mass within normal limits, may contribute to unfavorable changes in the woman's metabolic profile, which in turn, may present a risk of illness.

PL

Głównym celem niniejszej pracy było określenie czy i w jaki sposób zmieniają się wartości wskaźników BMI, WHR oraz W/Ht u kobiet przed menopauzą i po menopauzie. Badaną grupę stanowiło 10.216 kobiet w wieku 25-95 lat. Dane zebrano podczas ogólnopolskiej akcji "Walczymy z Otyłością", organizowanej przez Firmę Hand-Prod w latach 2000-2002 na terenie całej Polski, podczas której zgłaszające się dorosłe kobiety dobrowolnie wypełniały ankietę, i którym wykonano pomiary wysokości, masy ciała, obwodu pasa oraz bioder. Na podstawie wykonanych pomiarów określono wskaźnik BMI, WHR oraz W/Ht.Niedowagę stwierdzono u 1,0% kobiet. Częstość występowania nadwagi w badanej grupie wynosiła 38,4%, natomiast otyłości 27,9% (ryc. 1 i 2). Prawidłowe wartości (poniżej predysponujących do wystąpienia chorób powiązanych z otyłością) dla WHR stwierdzono u 32% kobiet, zaś dla W/Ht u 22%. Stwierdzono pozytywne korelacje pomiędzy analizowanymi parametrami (BMI-WHR R=0,29, p<0,05; BMI-W/Ht R=0,79, p<0,05; WHR-W/Ht R=0,64, p<0,05). Zaobserwowano, że nawet wśród kobiet o prawidłowej masie ciała niemal połowa charakteryzowała się WHR≥0,8 oraz W/Ht≥05, zaś wśród kobiet z nadwagą oraz otyłych częstości te istotnie rosły (tab. 1).Do obliczenia wieku menopauzy wykorzystano metodę "status quo", która umożliwia wyeliminowanie błędu, jakim obarczone jest badanie retrospektywne. Wykorzystując analizę probitową, określono procent kobiet w każdej grupie wiekowej, które przestały miesiączkować, co najmniej 12 miesięcy przed poddaniem się badaniu. średnia probitowa wieku postmenopauzalnego dla kobiet po menopauzie naturalnej wynosi 51,74 lata (chi2= 6513,59, df =1, p<0,00).Chcąc zbadać, czy i w jaki sposób wraz z menopauzą zmieniają się u kobiet wartości parametrów morfologicznych określonych na podstawie wskaźników: BMI, WHR oraz W/Ht, w pierwszej kolejności przeanalizowano zmiany tych parametrów z wiekiem. W tym celu zastosowano analizę regresji, która wykazała, że wartości wszystkich wskaźników istotnie rosną z wiekiem (tab. 2 i 3). Następnie w celu zaobserwowania zmian wskaźnika BMI w grupach kobiet przed menopauzą i po menopauzie, przeprowadzono analizę wariancji. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, iż zmiany wartości wskaźnika BMI, WHR oraz W/Ht, w grupach kobiet przed menopauzą i po menopauzie, istotnie się różnią (tab. 4). Kobiety, które nadal miesiączkują mają wskaźniki BMI (wartość testu F=648,62 df=1, p<0,001), WHR (F=164.64 df=1, p<0.001) oraz W/Ht (F=18.24, df=1, p<0.01) niższe niż kobiety, znajdujące się w okresie pomenopauzalnym. Wartości współczynników zmienności wskazują na znaczną zmienność tej cechy, zarówno w grupie kobiet przed menopauzą, jak i po menopauzie. Jednakże w każdej grupie wiekowej kobiety po menopauzie mają wskaźniki BMI, WHR oraz W/Ht wyższe niż kobiety przed menopauzą (ryc. 3-5).Zmiany hormonalne zachodzące w okresie klimakterium powodują wzrost wartości wskaźników BMI, WHR oraz W/Ht. Niezależnie od wieku kalendarzowego menopauza przyczynia się do zmian w rozkładzie tkanki tłuszczowej u kobiet. Wykorzystany w niniejszej pracy wskaźnik BMI charakteryzuje się wysoką dokładnością w predykowaniu otyłości. Wskaźniki WHR oraz W/Ht, jako indykatory otłuszczenia, mogą być użyteczne do oceny ryzyka zachorowania lub śmierci z powodu nadciśnienia, chorób serca, cukrzycy a nawet nowotworów. Wskaźniki te powinny być wykorzystywane nie tylko w odniesieniu do kobiet otyłych, ponieważ nawet niewielki wzrost otyłości wisceralnej, przy masie ciała pozostającej w normie, może przyczyniać się do niesprzyjających zmian profilu metabolicznego kobiety, a tym samym stanowić ryzyko wystąpienia chorób.

14

The impact of sex and BMI on the clinical course of COPD and bronchial asthma

51%

Wytrychowski K. , Hans-Wytrychowska A.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2016

|

nr 3

368-372

15

Obesity in work-up of kidney transplant candidates – review of clinical practice guidelines

51%

Dobrzycka M. , Spychalski P. , Łącka M. , Proczko-Stepaniak M. , Dębska-Ślizień A. , Kaska Ł. , Kobiela J.

European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine

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2020

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tom 3

|

nr 2

72-79

EN

Background: Incidence of morbid obesity is rising worldwide. Current clinical practice guidelines for the pre-transplant evaluation of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients lack clear recommendations on morbid obesity. Material and methods: The aim of this review was to summarize the current guidelines on the role and treatment of obesity in kidney transplant recipients. Eight current national and international clinical practice guidelines were identified in a comprehensive literature search. Results: All guidelines underline early detection of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities in ESKD patients. Only two guidelines explored the role of weight-loss surgery, however due to the lack of sufficient evidence no formal recommendation of surgical procedure was given. Conclusions: Diagnosis and treatment of obesity remains underappreciated in the current guidelines, most of which do not include pharmacological and surgical interventions. High-quality evidence is warranted to assess the role of weight-loss including surgery in ESKD patients and to update the recommendations in future guidelines.

16

Real world data supporting identification of the pharmacist’s role in obesity and overweight treatment in Poland – a preliminary report

51%

Mariola Drozd M. , Lucyna Bułaś L. , Monika Szkultecka-Dębek M. , Agnieszka Skowron A.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2017

|

nr 3

192-199

EN

Introduction. Obesity is a significant health and economic problem, both for the patient and the health care system. An essential element in the prevention and treatment of each disease is the engagement of all groups of healthcare professionals. In our study, we performed an analysis of the real world data, obtained from a survey of the medical and socioeconomic problems associated with overweight and obesity. We aimed to identify the pharmacist’s role in the management of overweight and obese patients, including their individualized education in an outpatient setting. Material and methods. The study material consisted of responses obtained from a specially designed questionnaire. Our findings indicate that the study patients had easy access to a pharmacist’s professional knowledge, relevant to comprehensive treatment of obesity. In addition, our data indicates a lack of patient knowledge of a healthy lifestyle and an inability to implement such knowledge in practice. Results. The community pharmacist should actively provide support to patients with obesity (including the primary obesity and those who want to lose excessive body mass for health-related and also for aesthetic reasons) and the management of their weight. The results of our study should be considered as an introduction to further research to facilitate the understanding of problems and expectations of patients and to prepare pharmacists to perform pharmaceutical care (PC) in this regard. Conclusion. One of the potential options to protect society against the obesity epidemic is an education about the risks inherent to obesity and promotion of a healthy lifestyle.

17

Snacking in children according to age

51%

Pac P. , Gładka A. , Maciorkowska M. , Zalewska M. , Musiałowski P. , Zakrzewski M. , Maciorkowska E.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2017

|

tom 7(1)

107-113

EN

Introduction: One of the major nutritional mistakes committed by children and adolescents is snacking between meals. Sweet or salty snacks are rich in simple sugars, fats, preservatives and dyes, and poor in minerals and vitamins. Their excessive consumption can lead to the development of diet-related diseases in the future. Purpose: To evaluate the nutrition of children and adolescents with a focus on snacking between meals. Materials and methods: The study included 162 students from Bialystok schools, of which primary school students accounted for 30.2%, junior high school 38.3%, high school 31.5%. The questionnaire used by the authors contained 27 questions. Results: Regular meals were consumed by only 55.1% of primary school students, 35.5% of junior high school, and 37.3% of high school students. Two and fewer meals a day were consumed by 1.6% to 5.8% of the students studied. First breakfast was omitted by 18.4% of the students in elementary school, 16.1% of junior high school, and 15.7% of high school. Second breakfast was omitted by 12.9% to 17.6% of the respondents.Sweet products instead of a second breakfast were consumed by 44.9% of primary school students, 61.3% of junior high school, and 64.7% of high school students. Snacking most often occurred in the respondents' home (69.4% of elementary school students, 43.5% of secondary level students, and 52.9% of high school students). Water in school was drunk by 85.7% of primary level students, 56.5% of junior high school, and 51.0% of high school. The main source of knowledge about nutrition for 61.2% of primary level students was the family, while television, radio, and the Internet were the main sources of knowledge for 62.7% of high school students. Conclusions: The regularity of eating in the study group decreased with the studied students’ age. The most popular products in the group of younger students were salty snacks and sweets. Healthy snacking was observed more frequently in the group of high school students. The main place of snacking was the home. The primary source of knowledge about nutrition for primary school students was the family and for high school students the mass media.

18

Association of fat patterning, type 2 diabetes mellitus and MTHFR gene polymorphism: a study among the two ethnic groups of Tripura, North-East India

51%

Priyama Bhattacharya P. , Diptendu Chatterjee D. , Pranabesh Sarkar P. , Kusum Ghosh K. , Arup Ratan Bandyopadhyay A. R.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2019

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nr 3

209 - 213

EN

Introduction. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a group of metabolic disorders resulting from insufficient action of insulin. The etiology of T2DM is multi-factorial that includes genetic factors, obesity and lifestyles. Recent reviews of overall and stratified meta-analyses demonstrated the association between MTHFR polymorphism (C677T) including fat distribution and risk of T2DM. Publications of Indian context regarding fat patterning and MTFHR genetic polymorphism of the North East Indian population are insufficient and scant among the ethnic population of Tripura. Aim. In this backdrop, the present study is the first attempt to understand the relationship of fat patterning, MTHFR gene polymorphism and T2DM among two Tibeto-Burman speaker endogamous ethnic populations (Chakmas-the migrant group and Tripuris – the aboriginal group) of Tripura, North East India. Material and methods. The present study consists of age matched 280 males (Chakmas 147 and the Tripuris 133) from Tripura. Anthropometric and metabolic (Fasting Blood Glucose) variables and to discern obesity, blood glucose level and genotyping of MTHFR was performed following standard techniques. Results. The result revealed significant (p<0.05) association of obesity, TT genotypes and fasting blood glucose among the Chakmas with in comparison to the Tripuris. Conclusion. In this first attempt from North East India on the aspects of association of fat Patterning, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and MTHFR gene polymorphism suggests that the Chakmas are more diabetic, and this might be due to the concomitant effects of T alleles and higher central obesity and Percent Body Fat (PBF). More population screening from other under-represented indigenous populations of North East India is needed for prevention of metabolic disorders.

19

Cide-AGene Expression in Patients with Obesity Qualified for Endovascular Treatment of Abdominal Aorta Aneurysm

51%

Feldo M. , Kocki J. , Feldo J. , Łukasik S. , Bogucki J. , Skwarzyński A. , Wroński J. , Kęsik J. , Zubilewicz T.

Polish Journal of Surgery

|

2015

|

tom 86

|

nr 10

473-478

EN

CIDE-A gene and the genes of LRP group play a key role in the regulation of the body weight and lipid metabolism in mammals. CIDE-A is defined as a potential human obesity gene and the LRP1 gene is associated with the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The aim of the study was to define the role of CIDE-A gene in patients with dyslipidemia and asymptomatic AAA. Material and methods. The study group consisted of 38 subjects, including 27 men and 11 women qualified for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). The subjects with abdominal aortic aneurysm were enrolled in the study group, depending on the body mass index (BMI); in obese patients (BMI > 30). The control group (n = 16) included subjects without lipid disorders. One-step isolation of RNA from lymphocytes and adipose tissue cells was performed using the modified TRI method by Chomc-zynski and Sacchi, and then the gene expression was tested by real-time PCR. Results. The highest mean relative of the gene expression for CIDE-A was reported in subjects with the normal body weight. The lowest mean relative of the gene expression for CIDE-A was observed in the group of obese patients with aortic aneurysm and lipid disorders. A high negative correlation (r = -0.7101) in the gene expression for CIDE-A was observed in the group of obese patients with aortic aneurysm, depending on the BMI. Conclusions. Due to the important role of the CIDE-A gene and Cide-A protein in the development of metabolic syndrome, obesity and the accompanying vascular lesions such as abdominal aortic an-eurysm, seen in this context, the tested gene and protein Cide-A represent a potential therapeutic target in these diseases.

20

Surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis in obese patients

51%

Kebkalo A. , Tkachuk O. , Reyti A. , Chanturidze A. , Pashunskyi Y.

Polish Journal of Surgery

|

2020

|

tom 92(5)

37-42

EN

Introduction: In today’s technological climate, science and medicine have entered a new era. At the level of technological progress, we have identified millennia of “new” problems and diseases. If earlier diseases had a certain individuality then, in the third millennium, we face compliance and synergistic influence of diseases. Obesity is a problem of the third millennium. It is known that obesity is the main factor in the development of various chronic diseases [1–3]. With excess weight and obesity, bile is oversaturated with cholesterol, resulting in an increase of its lipogenicity index. As a result, frequency of gallstone disease increases; findings from this study document an increase of disease frequency as high as 50% to 60% [4]. In 20% of patients, housing concerns are combined with obesity [5]. Thus, obesity is one of the factors in the development of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis [6]. The presence of acute cholecystitis represents the most difficult situation for patients with gallstones. When obesity is also present, the patient’s risk of surgical complications increases due to altered homeostasis and reduced reserve capacity [7]. A retrospective study of this issue [8] posed a number of questions about the possibility of influencing the course of disease in the preoperative period as well as the improvement and impact of surgical technicalities in patients with acute cholecystitis and obesity. Addressing these and additional questions is the main goal of this study. Aim: The aim of the study was to study and select the optimal method of surgery in patients with acute cholecystitis and obesity. Materials and methods: In our study, a prospective analysis was used. We analyzed 67 cases with diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and obesity; all were treated at Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital in the period from September 2018 to March 2020. Patients with acute cholecystitis and obesity received either traditional or modified laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results: Retrospective analysis indicates traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy is technically difficult and costly in patients with acute cholecystitis and obesity. A modified laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been proposed to improve and enhance surgery in patients with acute cholecystitis and obesity. Surgical duration was shortened by 9.01 ± 0.41 minutes (p = 0.001; αα= 0.05) when a modified laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. Conclusions: Performing a modified laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduced the duration of surgery by 9.01 ± 0.41 minutes (p = 0.001; α = 0.05), prevents development of metabolic acidosis pH 7.39 ± 0.03 vs 7.30 ± 0.005 = 0.001; αα= 0.05, pCO2 5.05 ± 0.36 vs 6.03 ± 0.38 (p = 0.02; αα= 0.05), reducing the risk of hypercoagulation. Modified laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LHE) is effective in II and III degrees of obesity (p = 0.001; α = 0.05).