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EN
During the two decades after the transition the technical and technological development of the Hungarian agriculture was determined by the preparation for the EU accession and the adequacy to the performance and technological requirements of the new farm structure of the post-transition era. After the accession the quality based change of farm equipment was characteristic by modern, high performance units which were suitable to meet the requirements of the environmental sustainability, improving the competitive production of farms. In the small scale private farms the rollout of the old and depreciated tools were slower than the investments. This was unfavorable for the expected decrease of the average age of the farm assets. The research is based on the database of the censuses of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office.
PL
Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka inwestycji rolnych na Węgrzech po przystąpieniu do Unii Europejskiej. Na podstawie danych Węgierskiego Urzędu Statystycznego stwierdzono, że w latach poakcesyjnych starzenie się sprzętu rolniczego postępowało szybciej niż następowały inwestycje odtworzeniowe. Zakupy sprzętu wpłynęły jednak korzystnie na konkurencyjność gospodarstw i jakość produkcji.
EN
The study aims to summarize and characterize those processes which are currently going on in the Hungarian agriculture following its accession to the European Union. All these processes cannot be separated from the international tendencies and have impact on the relations between the member states. The role of agriculture is relatively small in the economy, but despite the decreasing tendency, agriculture has kept its positive balance in international trade. Regarding the production structure we can state that the share of animal husbandry has decreased to 40%, that causes several problems in the fodder market as well. Due to the subsidy system, the farmes receive relatively high subsidy in crop production. Farmes with plant production are the winners of accession. A slow increase can be observed in the numbers of medium sized farms and in their land use.
PL
W artykule omówiono procesy jakie nastąpiły w rolnictwie węgierskim po wstąpieniu do UE, w kontekście ogólnoświatowych zmian. Zaobserwowano zmiany pozytywne (np. struktury agrarnej), jak i negetywne (np. spadek produkcji zwierzęcej).
EN
Rationale for the paper came from Polish energetics adjustment need to the European Union requirements and necessity of energy production from renewable sources. The base of the research consists of references and interviews of energetics sector employees. The paper presents energy role in economy, energetics adjustment to Union requirements and possibilities and premises for production with renewable sources. The work is finishes with practical conclusions.
EN
Central and Eastern Europe is undergoing a period of extensive transformation. Over the past few years, most countries of the region have made progress in the transition to a competitive market economy, macroeconomic stabilisation and structural reform. The study will survey the current agricultural problems in ten countries which are preparing for integration to the European Union. Firstly, there is a brief statistical description of agriculture both in the ten Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) and in the Member States. Its role in the overall economy on the basis of agricultural potential, employment, gross value added and trade is presented. Then trends in agricultural production and productivity through national factor combinations as well as self-sufficiency in agricultural products of the CEECs were examined.
EN
The Pest Risk Analysis for quarantine pests as well as the changes in Polish phytosanitary legislation after accession to the European Union were described (register of plant producers, plant passport, and list of quarantine pests).
PL
Przed wejściem Polski do Unii Europejskiej należy zastanowić się nad kierunkami modernizacji struktury polskich gospodarstw rolnych, by w przyszłości mogły konkurować w produkcji żywności z innymi producentami europejskimi. Punktem wyjścia do przekształceń strukturalnych jest znajomość aktualnej charakterystyki gospodarstw pod względem struktury władania i użytkowania. W opracowaniu przedstawiono charakterystykę gospodarstw rolnych oraz dokonano przeglądu literatury w zakresie zalecanych powierzchni gospodarstw rolnych.
EN
Shortly before joining the European Union, the directions of modernizing the structure of Polish farms should be discussed so that they could compete in food manufacture with other European producers. The starting point for structural transformations is the present condition of farms as for the structure of ownership and use. The paper includes the characteristics of private farms and a survey of literature on the farm area which is to be recommended.
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