Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Wastewater control system as an aspect of environmental assessment of industrial enterprise’s activity

100%

Mitryasova O. , Bogatel N. , Koszelnik P. , Gruca-Rokosz R.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

|

2018

|

tom z. 65, nr 3

43--53

EN

In order to reduce the influence of wastewater from enterprises on the environment extreme relevance is gained by improvement of the monitoring system at each stage of technological process. A new tool is calculation of the polluting substances concentration is suggested to be entered into the monitoring system on the basis of determination of material balance of technological process of production that will allow prediction of qualitative and quantitative composition of sewage for the selected period. The system can be used in any enterprise, but the example with all calculations is given for the Mykolaiv Branch of "SUN InBev Ukraine" which became the object of research. The scope of the study covered the process of wastewater formation of the enterprise. Realization of tasks demanded the use of general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, systematization and generalization in the course of studying of the corresponding literature on the research subject; modelling, formalization, comparison - at drawing up the calculation scheme of concentration of the polluting substances in sewage; supervision - during studying the technological scheme of production; and also methods of mathematical data processing in MS Excel.

2

Możliwości zmniejszenia emisji substancji szkodliwych do atmosfery przy spalaniu paliw odpadowych

100%

Karcz H. , Kantorek M. , Butmankiewicz T. , Krzysztof M. , Charusta M. , Kozakiewicz A.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Konferencje

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2007

|

tom T. 1, z. 25

229-240

PL

Dotychczasowe wyniki badań wykazały, że bezpośrednie i pośrednie oddziaływanie procesu spalania paliw odpadowych przynależnych do OZE na poszczególne elementy środowiska, na zdrowie ludzi, warunki życia, dobra materialne, dobra kultury i zabytki jest nieistotne. Eksploatacja instalacji do termicznej utylizacji nie jest związana z koniecznością ustanawiania obszaru ograniczonego użytkowania oraz nie narusza interesów osób trzecich. Budowane instalacje nie mogą wpływać na pogorszenie jakości środowiska naturalnego i standardy jakości środowiska będą dotrzymywane. Minimalizacja ujemnych oddziaływań budowanych instalacji na środowisko polegać będzie na automatyzacji procesu spalania oraz oczyszczenia spalin w sposób gwarantujący nie przekraczanie określonych poziomów emisji szkodliwych dla atmosfery. W trakcie procesu spalania odpadów nie będą wytwarzane ścieki zawierające substancje szkodliwe dla gleby i wód gruntowych. Technologia „KJN" umożliwia spełnienie wszelkich wymogów wynikających z rozporządzeń krajowych i unijnych regulujących sposób termicznego wykorzystania paliw odpadowych w kotłach energetycznych.

EN

The results of the research that has been conducted up to now indicate that the direct and indirect influence of the RES waste fuel combustion process on particular elements of the environment, on people's health, living conditions, materiał goods, cultural goods and historic monuments, is insignificant. The use of the thermal utilization installations does not imply the necessity to establish an area of limited use or infringe the interests of third parties. The constructed installations cannot decrease the quality of the natural enyironment and the environmental quality standards must be complied with. The negative influence of the constructed installations on the enyironment shall be minimized through the automation of the process of combustion and combustion gas treatment in a way that guarantees compliance with the specified acceptable emission levels. During the waste combustion process, sewage that contains ground and ground water pollutants shall not be produced. The "KJN" technology makes it possible to comply with all the requirements resulting from the National and European Union Regulations concerning the ways of thermal use of waste fuel in power industry boilers.

3

Ochrona powietrza przed zanieczyszczeniami – dlaczego w Polsce nie można odetchnąć pełną piersią?

100%

Pankowska M. , Gorczyca M.

Kontrola Państwowa

|

2015

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tom 60

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nr 3 (362)

60-78

EN

At the time when Poland joined the European Union, the quality of the air in the country was far from the European standards. At the moment, the level of certain pollutants in the air is still high, which may result in legal proceedings of the European Union bodies against Poland, and consequent substantial financial charges. What is worse, it is estimated that as many as 45,000 Poles die every year due to air pollution. That is why NIK has decided to conduct an audit aimed at evaluating the activities of public entities undertaken with a view to improving the quality and protection of the air in the period between the year 2008 and the first half of the year 2014. The audit covered: the functioning of air monitoring, the development of air protection programmes by individual bodies of regional self-governments and the performance of tasks set out in these programs by competent self-government bodies, the financing of tasks related to air protection by regional funds for environmental protection and water management, as well as the coordination of activities and cooperation of organisational units with regard to the implementation of protection related measures. The audit was carried out in five regions (Małopolskie, Mazowieckie, Opolskie, Pomorskie and Śląskie), and it covered 25 auditees.

4

Reduction of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions from combustion engines of vehicles by using biomethane

100%

Merkisz J. , Gis W.

Journal of KONES

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2014

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tom Vol. 21, No. 1

153--162

EN

This paper discusses generally the possibility of reduction carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions from internal combustion engines of vehicles by using biomethane. The road transport in Europe almost fully depends on fossil fuels. Diversification of the road transport fuels will be a key attribute for road transport in the coming years. Purified biogas is one of alternative renewable fuels. Actually, in Poland biogas is used for generating electricity and heat. In some countries (for example in Sweden), upgraded biogas to natural gas quality (biomethane) is used as a vehicle fuel too. In this paper estimated biogas production potential in Baltic See Region countries: Poland and Sweden. It was one of the purposes of European Project Baltic Biogas Bus, and it is taken into account in European Project More Baltic Biogas Bus realized presently. Comparative studies of exhaust emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides from city buses powered by diesel and CNG engine were carried out. The study was conducted under real traffic conditions in southern Polish city Rzeszow. Due to the lack in-service city buses with emission level Euro V in Rzeszow, comparative studies of this type of city buses powered by diesel and CNG engine was conducted in SORT I test. Determined mean values of road emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides in g/km for the city buses operated in Rzeszow. Estimated value of the total road emissions in the case that would be replaced half the fleet of city buses (40 CNG buses and about 35% of the diesel engine powered buses, meet Euro III emission standard) by the CNG-powered (biomethane) city buses, complying with Euro V (EEV) emission standard.

5

Wyniki badań emisji spalin z kotłów opalanych olejem opałowym lekkim

100%

Krawczyk D. A.

Instal

|

2010

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tom nr 7/8

67-69

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki pomiarów przeprowadzonych w kotłowni opalanej olejem opałowym lekkim, wyposażonej w kotły GT 525 Diematic-m-Delta (szt.1) i GT 525 K (szt. 4) o wydajność 1180 kW każdy z palnikami OE-5 ULOZ2 Oertli. Celem badań było określenie wpływu niewielkich różnic w ustawieniu palnika (ciśnienie oleju, współczynnik nadmiaru powietrza, zmiana wielkości dyszy) na emisję zanieczyszczeń. Zagadnienie to jest istotne w aspekcie ekonomicznym, zdrowotnym i kontekście wszelkich działań służących powstrzymaniu degradacji środowiska naturalnego i poprawie jego stanu.

EN

This article presents the results of the measurements made in the oilfired boiler room with boilers GT 525 Diematic-m-Delta (1 unit) and GT 525 K (4 units) – capacity 1180 kW each with burners OE-5 ULOZ2 Oertli. The aim of the study was to determinate the effect of small differences in parameters like oil pressure, the excess air ratio, the size of the nozzle etc on the emission of pollutants. This issue is relevant in terms of economic, health and context of any action to halt environmental degradation and improve its status.

6

Service Experience with Polymeric Insulators in the South Karelia

100%

Yarmarkin M.

Energetyka

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2009

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tom nr 6

374-377

EN

The technical observation of the outdoor polymeric insulators in some substations 35-110 kV in the South Karelia shows the abnormal high level of pollutions. The pollutants in the form of black spots overlay the main part of insulator surface. The microscope investigations of these pollutants detected its biological nature. It appeared that the pollutants are the microscopic fungus whose mycelium places on polymeric insulator surface. The article contains the recommendations for the future service of these polymeric insulators and for the design of new covering materials, protected from the biological attacks.

PL

Kontrola techniczna zewnętrznych izolatorów polimerowych na niektórych stacjach transformatorowych 35-110 kV w Południowej Karelii wykazała niezwykle wysoki poziom zanieczyszczeń. Zanieczyszczenia te, pod postacią czarnych plam, pokrywały główną część powierzchni izolatora, a badania mikroskopowe wykazały ich biologiczną naturę. Okazało się, że tymi zanieczyszczeniami są mikroskopijne grzyby, których grzybnia znajduje się na powierzchni izolatorów polimerowych. Artykuł zawiera zalecenia dotyczące obsługi tych izolatorów polimerowych w przyszłości, jak również zaprojektowania nowych materiałów powłokowych zabezpieczonych przed atakiem biologicznym

7

Uncertainty analysis of the kinetic model of natural gas combustion in IC Engine

100%

Mansha M. , Naqvi J.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2012

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tom 14

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nr 1

1-4

EN

The purpose of this analysis is to determine the uncertainties originating due to the kinetic parameters of the rate of a reaction proposed kinetic model. A kinetic model consisting of 208 reaction steps and 73 species was adopted for analysis. In the required uncertainty analysis, the accuracy of approximate models, generated by the Chemkin 4.1.1 for pollutant species, is determined. The reactions which contribute the uncertainty in the output concentrations of the pollutnats species formed in the combustion chamber were identified. The percentage contribution to the uncertainty in the output concentrations of pollutants were also determined.

8

Analysis of Ecological Condition of Taiga Topsoil During Commercial Development

88%

Sivkov Y. , Nikiforov A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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tom Vol. 19, nr 1

163--169

EN

The paper analyses the ecological properties of taiga topsoil during its commercial development and assesses the consequences of impact which will be made by the future facilities on the environment (taking into account the types of impact, their characteristics, the tendencies of transformation in the nature systems growing with the increase of service life, which were detected at the producing fields), sanitary and socioeconomic aspects of the facilities operation under the conditions of specific geographical complexes. The object of study included waspodzolic and swamp-podzolic soils located in the Uvat district in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Region of Tyumen region, in the area of potential impact of industrial facilities. The method of study implied the selection of soil specimens and their examination according to the standard practices. Ten specimens were taken from each of three areas of sampling. The specimens were subjected to office study in order to determine eleven parameters. The sources of impact made by the oil and gas facility on the environment were the material objects (buildings, constructions etc.), elements and assemblies of basic and auxiliary technologies which result in pollutants emission. The major impact on topsoil at the stage of preparatory works and construction of facilities was the mechanical damage to the natural state of soils. It is primarily connected with sites stripping from forestry and ground leveling. The paper reviews the issues of ecological condition of topsoil and forecast of possible changes while commercial development of the studied area. A negative load on soil may be decreased through planning and implementation of organizational measures on assessment of current state of the topsoil within the field and environmental threat from basic and auxiliary industrial facilities.

9

Comparison of Service Characteristics of Two Town’s WWTP

88%

Jurik L. , Kaletova T. , Sedmakova M. , Balazova P. , Cervenanska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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tom Vol. 18, nr 3

61--67

EN

The study presents variation of wastewater inflow and its components during a year. We considered a situation with and without precipitation. Two renovated wastewater treatment plants were selected to analyse the available parameters and relation between them. Both wastewater treatment plants served to treat domestic and industrial wastewater with similar characteristics. One of them is only for the town purposes; second one serves for the surrounding villages. The relation between the concentration of pollutants and a flow of wastewater is very low. The correlation and a coefficient of the determination between pollutants were over 0.5.

10

Studies on carcinogenic PAHs emission generated by vehicles and its correlation to fuel and engine types

88%

Kumar V. , Kothiyal N. C. , Saruchi

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2014

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tom Vol. 16, nr 1

48--58

EN

The objective of this study was to find major PAHs produced in ambient air from the automobile exhaust as a function of fuels (diesel, petrol, and biodiesel) and engine type qualitatively and quantitatively. The recovery range was found between 30% and 70%. The study was carried out on two, three, and four wheelers. Biodiesel samples tested in the study were synthesized indigenously from different starting raw materials and analyzed for PAHs concentration in the exhaust on a Honda genset (EBK 2000AC Model). Biodiesel samples were blended with diesel in different ratio (25:75, 35:65 and 45:55) to investigate the exhaust behavior. Biodiesel was blended with Diesel the concentration of almost all PAHs reduces in comparison to pure Diesel exhaust. B(a)A and B(a) P was the common PAH found in higher concentration in almost all fuels. FTIR results indicate esterification of vegetable oil and NMR results indicate a complete conversion of oils into biodiesel.

11

A valved two stroke engine as a new power source

88%

Mitianiec W. , Buczek K.

Journal of KONES

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2009

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tom Vol. 16, No. 3

259-268

EN

The present work defines main conception of modern, efficient and ecologic two-stroke engine. It indicates the scope of necessary modifications that have to be made in typical four-stroke engine to prepare it to work in two-stroke mode. Taking into account some limitations (especially in valve train design) authors performed several analyzes in order to check the possibility of proper scavenging process and obtain main engine characteristics. The paper contains description of simulation approach and selected mathematical models that was applied in carried over analyzes. The results of foregoing simulations, which were obtain taking advantage of GT-Power software should be considered as preliminary since several parameters have to be defined during research and 3D simulations. In order to expose advantages of modern two-stroke engine a simple comparison of it and its predecessor was performed taking into consideration BSFC maps. The objects of simulation were fluid flow, scavenging and combustion. This comparison indicates that proposed two-stroke engine achieve significantly less break specific fuel consumption (up to 27 g/kWh drop). Paper presents diagram of new type two-stroke engine with poppet valves, which is probably the most feasible layout of two-stroke engine, and GT-Power model of simulated single-cylinder engine based on four-stroke single cylinder engine.

12

Analysis of the distribution of statistical concentrations of pollutants in samples of treated wastewater from small sewage treatment plants

88%

Kaczor G. B.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

|

tom no. 55

115--124

EN

The aim of the research was to show which theoretical statistical distribution best reflects and describes the variability of pollutant concentrations in treated sewage, discharged from small sewage treatment plants, characterised by a value below 2000 PE. The statistical analysis additionally takes into account the influence of the number of measuring sequence data on the shape and level of the distribution fit. The data for the research were obtained from three small sewage treatment plants, operating in the Lesser Poland, 10, 11 and 14 km from Kraków. Due to their size, these facilities are included in the group of treatment plants below 2000 PE. The research was conducted for 10 years. In the statistical analysis, 20-, 40-, 60- and 80-element data series were used, including the values of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and total suspended solids (TSS), determined in samples of treated wastewater. Two commonly used tests, Kolmogorov-Smirnov λ and Pearson’s χ2 test were used to assess the fit of the theoretical statistical distribution to the empirical data distribution. Statistical analysis showed that the studied communities were characterised by an asymmetric, right-oblique distribution. Most often, the empirical distribution of the analysed measurement sequences was consistent with the Fisher-Tippett distribution. On the basis of the χ2 test, this distribution was described by a total of 31 out of 36 analysed groups at the significance level of a = 0.05. Other distributions that often describe the analysed empirical data are: Gamma, log-normal, Chi-square, and Weibull. The common feature of these distributions is usually asymmetry, right oblique. The skewness value ranges from 0.15 to 1.69.

13

Quality assessment of vegetable oil industry effluents in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

88%

Verla A. W. , Verla E. N. , Adowei P. , Briggs A. , Horsfall Jnr M.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

|

2014

|

tom Vol. 14, iss. 2

179-189

EN

Five composite samples of waste water were collected from waste water tank of a vegetable oil refining company and were analyzed for physiochemical characteristics, heavy metal and organic pollutants. Physicochemical determinations were done according to standard methods; heavy metals were determined by use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method while organic pollutants were determined by Gas chromatography system HP 6890 series. Sulphate was determined by vanadomolybdophosphoric acid method while phosphates and chlorides were determined by argentometric method. Results reveal that effluent pH (4.67 ±0.015), salinity (125 ±4.50 %) and BOD5 (17.83 ±1.70 mg/l) were bellow WHO standard whereas TDS (127.7 ±5.77 mg/l), TSS (563.6 ±3.15 mg/l) and COD (3959 ±3.8 mg/l) were above WHO standards. Heavy metal pollution index (0.31) showed no multi-element contamination arising from effluent. The degree of contamination (1.84) showed that the effluent has a moderate polluting potential. Lower molecular weight PAHs showed a significant difference even though most of the organic compounds in vegetable oil refinery wastewater showed good biodegradability that varied weekly. Therefore there is either no treatment or an in effective treatment of the effluents. This could result to serious environmental problems in the near future.

14

Studies on carcinogenic PAHs emission generated by vehicles and its correlation to fuel and engine types

88%

Kumar V. , Kothiyal N. C. , Saruchi

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2014

|

tom 16

|

nr 1

48-58

EN

The objective of this study was to find major PAHs produced in ambient air from the automobile exhaust as a function of fuels (diesel, petrol, and biodiesel) and engine type qualitatively and quantitatively. The recovery range was found between 30% and 70%. The study was carried out on two, three, and four wheelers. Biodiesel samples tested in the study were synthesized indigenously from different starting raw materials and analyzed for PAHs concentration in the exhaust on a Honda genset (EBK 2000AC Model). Biodiesel samples were blended with diesel in different ratio (25:75, 35:65 and 45:55) to investigate the exhaust behavior. Biodiesel was blended with Diesel the concentration of almost all PAHs reduces in comparison to pure Diesel exhaust. B(a)A and B(a) P was the common PAH found in higher concentration in almost all fuels. FTIR results indicate esterification of vegetable oil and NMR results indicate a complete conversion of oils into biodiesel.

15

Input of chemical elements to the forest ecosystem on the carpathian foothills (s. Poland)

88%

Szarek-Łukaszewska G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

1999

|

tom Vol. 47, no 2

191-213

EN

Atmospheric inputs of elements (macro, micro nutrients and pollutants) to the pinebeech forest (Ratanica stream catchment, Carpathian Foothills, S Poland) were examined in the years 1991-1995. The input embraced bulk precipitation and throughfall. Chemical composition of precipitation was largely influenced by air pollution in the catchment. Four factors can be distinguished responsible for the raised ionic inputs to the forest: (1) long-range transport of pollutants bringing principally H^+, NO[3]^-, SO[4]^2-, CI^- and Pb^2+, (2) local emissions from domestic heating (mainly Zn^2-, Cd^2+ and Ca^2+), (3) local dust emissions from fields and roads (K^+, Mg^2+, Ca^2+), and (4) agriculture (NH[4]^+, PO[4]^3-). Concentrations and loads of some ions (SO[4]^2-, CI^-, Pb^2+, Cd^2+) to the forest tended to decline over the study period. Element inputs in bulk precipitation to the Ratanica catchment were moderately high, generally lower than those to polluted areas of Europe (Germany), and hig her the inputs to the relatively unpolluted regions (Scandinavia). In relation to forests of central and northern Poland, the inputs estimated were, as a rule, great. Sulphur and nitrogen loads to the study forest did not exsceed threshold values for the Carpathian Foothills. Chronic pollution of the forest ecosystem in Ratanica catchment seems to be responsible for transformations of lichen flora and herb layer composition. Gradual acidification of upper soil layers was found to occur in Ratanica stream catchment. Continuous atmospheric deposition has also led to heavy metal accumulation in the soil. Acid precipitation and substantial quantities of heavy metals may pose a threat to the forest ecosystem. Any further nitrogen input to the Ratanica forest may cause demands for the element to be exceeded, and the ecosystem to collapse.

16

Seasonal and Qualitative Approach of the Oued Mellègue Basin (Algeria)

88%

Samai I. , Nebbache S. , Aounallah O. , Ayat S. L.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 24, iss. 3

184--191

EN

Water holds a particularly important place in our lives; it is a precious resource called: blue gold. Unfortunately, pollutants and pollution in general are the main causes of the degradation of the quality of water resources in the world. In this intention we have focused our research on a qualitative study of surface waters of the Oued Mellègue watershed (North East of Algeria), which is a tributary of Oued Medjerda (Souk-Ahras), whose objective is to estimate the intensity as well as the origin of the pollution that has contaminated this water course However, the results obtained reveal that the waters of this wadi are totally polluted and deteriorated, and they have lost all their physical and chemical qualities. And they become contaminated to the point that they have become harmful for the public and for the fauna and flora that shelter. So the research of solutions to the pollution of water resources must be in full swing, because the future of water is intimately linked to that of humanity. It must therefore be preserved and protected rigorously and with great accuracy.

17

The estimation of an anthropogenic depth boundary using the magnetic susceptibility method in Kogi State, North-Central Nigeria

88%

Jatto S. S. , Musa K. O. , Mojisola U. R.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

|

2020

|

tom Vol. 46, no. 1

49--56

EN

Magnetic susceptibility measurements remain one of the most reliable methods used to investigate the pollution of both surface and subsurface soil from metallic anthropogenic sources. Most of the geological rocks within the study area increase the susceptibility of the soil; however, knowing the natural background susceptibility of the parent rocks will give an idea of the anthropogenic influence on the susceptibility of the soil. This study was carried out in Kogi State, North Central Nigeria, with the aim of determining the depth of the boundary between the anthropogenic influences on soil magnetic susceptibility from those of a lithogenic origin. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out on 1,760 soil samples, collected from 220 soil profiles at a depth of 80.0 cm and at intervals of 10.0 cm. From the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility maps at different depths, the boundary between the basement complex and the sedimentary basin was clearly demarcated. The result further shows the highest magnetic susceptibility values of 350–650 × 10−5 SI, which dominates the surface soil to a depth of 40.0 cm. At the depth of 40–50 cm, the result indicates the combination of a natural anthropogenic influence on soil magnetic susceptibility with an average of 250 × 10−5 SI. Furthermore, no evidence of layering along the depth sections was observed, suggesting that the soil profiles indicate areas mainly covered by anthropogenically influenced susceptibility, which were localized and restricted to commercial places within the state. This study reveals that the average depth of soil affected by anthropogenic pollutants is between 40–50 cm in commercial places and 20–30 cm in other places with less commercial activities.

18

Recent trends in the prevalence of neoplasia in the Baltic clam Macoma balthica (L.) from the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea)

88%

Smolarz K. , Thiriot-Quiévreux C. , Wołowicz M.

Oceanologia

|

2005

|

tom No. 47 (1)

61-74

EN

This study discusses the occurrence of neoplasia in the Baltic clam Macoma balthica from the Gulf of Gdańsk in recent years and investigates potential relationships between toxic compounds in the environment and the presence of the cancer. The disease was identified at four sampling stations during 1999-2002. Comparison with previous results highlighted the substantial prevalence of the tumour between 1998 and 2002. The prevalence of the cancer was strongly dependent on the sampling location (p > 0.001): it was highest at sampling point H45 (the deepest part of the gulf) and lowest at station PB30 (central part of the gulf). Monthly studies showed a trend towards an increasing prevalence of neoplasia during the warm months. However, over several sampling months no strong statistical correlation between the prevalence of the disease and the sampling time was found. The results of the study suggest that several environmental factors may promote the progress of the cancer in M. balthica from the Gulf of Gdańsk: it is most probably an indirect effect of pollution, although causality cannot be proven at this stage. Seriously polluted and exhibiting a considerable asymmetry of contamination, the ecosystem of the gulf provides an ideal environment for testing potential cause-effect relationships between pollutants and their biological effects.

19

Assessment of surface water pollution in Western Bug River within the cross-border section of Ukraine

75%

Gopchak I. , Kalko A. , Basiuk T. , Pinchuk O. , Gerasimov I. , Yaromenko O. , Shkirynets V.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2020

|

tom no. 46

97--103

EN

Monitoring of surface waters within the transboundary section of the Western Bug River showed, that during 2014–2018, a significant excess of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) was observed for some substances for fish ponds. As a result of this, the water in the river for these substances was rated as “dirty” in terms of purity and corresponded to water quality class IV, namely: phosphorus was observed to exceed the MPC at the observation point Ambukіv village in 2015 (9.7 times), for manganese – an excess of the MPC at the observation point Ambukіv village in 2018 (9.7 times) and in point Zabuzhzhia village in 2014 (7.9 times), 2015 (8.0 times), 2017 (7.1 times), 2018 (8.3 times); for the total iron – the exceeding of MPC at the observation point Ambukіv village in 2016 (5.95 times) and 2017 (6.13 times); at the observation point Ustilug town in 2016 (5.23 times); in the observation point Zabuzhzhia village in 2016 (9.44 times) and 2017 (5.27 times). The assessment of the surface waters based on the determination of the pollution factor showed that during the study period their quality did not deteriorate but did not meet the norms. In general, surface waters of the river correspond to the second class of quality and are characterized as “poorly polluted” waters by the level of pollution.

20

Emission results of combustion process of fatty acids distillation residue in an oil boiler – comparison to heavy fuel oil

75%

Wasielewski R. , Głód K.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2020

|

tom Vol. 29, No. 1

62--71

EN

The results of the research on energy usage of the fatty acids distillation residue are presented. Distillation residue constitutes a material of biogenic origin, which is created only as a result of physical processing of animal fats without using additional chemicals. This material exhibits similar physicochemical properties as the heavy heating oil and may be its substitute. Industrial comparative tests of combusting of distillation residue and also of the heavy heating oil in an oil boiler were conducted. The research was conducted at the rated and minimum capacities of the boiler. It has been stated that combusting of the distillation residue of the fatty acids in a tested oil boiler does not bring about any technological difficulties. No threat of the elevated emission of pollutants into the atmosphere was exhibited. Installation of the boiler fulfill all emission standards required for combustion of the liquid fuels. Combustion of fatty acids distillation residue contributes to the reduction of the previous emission of pollutants from burning of the heavy fuel oil, significantly in scope of SO2.