Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

DO EMOTIONALLY INTELLIGENT INDIVIDUALS USE MORE ADAPTIVE DECISION-MAKING STYLES

100%

Avsec A.

Studia Psychologica

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2012

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tom 54

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nr 3

209 – 220

EN

Awareness of emotions, extensive emotional knowledge, and effective emotional management are characteristics of emotionally intelligent individuals. These competencies are expected to enable individuals using more adaptive decision-making styles (DMSs). Specifically, we predicted that trait emotional intelligence (EI) should be a positive predictor of intuitive and rational DMSs and a negative predictor of dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous DMSs, even after controlling for personality. Participants (N = 454) completed Slovene version of the Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire, the Decision-Making Styles Questionnaire, and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire. Results supported the importance of trait EI on predicting DMSs: after controlling for personality, the trait EI accounted for 1 to 13% of the variance of the DMSs. Higher trait EI was associated with a more frequent use of intuitive, rational, and a less frequent use of dependent and avoidant DMSs. Results are in accordance with the assertion about the positive function of EI.

2

VEĽKÝ SENÁT A USTÁLENÁ ROZHODOVACIA PRAX (INAUGURAČNÁ PREDNÁŠKA)

100%

Löwy A.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2022

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tom 105

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nr 2

95 – 111

EN

One of the respectable principles of the rule of law, which is directly linked to the civil process, is the principle of legal certainty. The essence of the principle of legal certainty is the predictability of the decision, which is also the basis for the existence and creation of established decision-making practice. In the presented contribution, the author identifies the institutes that contribute resp. have the potential to contribute to the development of established decision-making practice. The author is based on the premise that one of the tools that should contribute to the creation of established decision-making practice is the institution of the Grand Senate. By analysing the legislation itself, as well as selected decisions, it tries to analyse whether the theoretical and legal definition also finds its practical dimension, whether the Grand Chamber actually fulfils the role assigned to it in the system. Based on the performed analyses, the author concludes that the Grand Senate does not currently use the full legal potential. Based on this partial conclusion, then it tries to formulate conclusions to eliminate the identified shortcomings, while these should not consist in amendments or the need for a change in legislation, but in the rational interpretation and reasonable application of the law.

3

O ORGANIZÁCII, RIADENÍ A ROZHODOVANÍ ÚSTAVNÉHO SÚDU SR. KRITICKÉ POZNÁMKY K NOVÉMU ZÁKONU I.

100%

Mazák J. , Jánošíková M.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2019

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tom 102

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nr 1

44 – 55

EN

The authors analyse critically the second and third part of the new act on the Constitutional Court which becomes legally binding from the 1 March 2019. Their contribution starts with the consideration on the lack of respect towards the EU law despite the fact that the Constitutional Court is a court who is obliged to submit preliminary ruling questions. There are several specific problems with the interpretation and application of the new act. The most relevant are the decision making by a single judge and the unification of different legal opinions of chambers of three judges of the Constitutional Court. The rest of the interpretative difficulties concern the removal of President and Vice-President of the Constitutional Court.

4

DECISION-MAKING STRUCTURES (Struktury rozhodovani)

100%

Tondl L.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2009

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tom 16

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nr 3

381-399

EN

The study expresses some personal experiences based on long collaboration and contacts with specialists in engineering or design spheres during more than two decades. These specialists had mostly bad experiences with some opinions or standpoints carried out by the decisions called as political or in the public interests or, as it was usually denoted, in the people's interests. It was A.M. Weinberg (former US presidents' scientific adviser and director of great laboratories) who emphasized that the public frequently cannot know what the best is. The public meaning could be manipulated by means of simple slogans, emotional elements or simplified conceptions concerning the sphere and level of risks.

5

EXPLAINING THE AMBIGUOUS IMPACT OF OVERCONFIDENCE ON CORPORATE DECISION-MAKING: A CRITIQUE OF THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

100%

Grežo M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2018

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tom 21

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nr 2

1 - 15

EN

Prior entrepreneurship research shows that individuals often possess biased expectations regarding their chances of success in the market compared to objective reality, as well as to their success and profitability compared to their peers. The present study addresses the effect of overconfidence on corporate decision-making with regard to the methodology used in economic and psychological studies. Current research provides contradictory and inconclusive results about the effect of overconfidence on various Chief Executive Officers’ decisions and profitability. In this study, the author tries to explain this inconclusiveness by outlining some of the most important methodological issues in the overconfidence research. Overconfidence can be defined as a systematic tendency to overestimate one’s own ability to make accurate forecasts, or as an overestimation of one’s own performance, or knowledge, compared to his/her actual performance, or others’ knowledge. In this paper, he describes, firstly, the origins and differences in operationalization between economic and psychology studies. Several widely-used measures and proxies of overconfidence in economic research are described and the diversity of using these measures in previous studies is showed. Subsequently, he discusses how different forms of overconfidence impact the decision-making and performance of entrepreneurs. In this part, the study focuses on the three most frequent areas that are reflected in the current literature; namely the effect of overconfidence on financial decision-making, firm profitability, and entrepreneurs’ innovativeness. The final part of the study outlines several possible ways how problems with methodology and inconclusiveness in the overconfidence research could be solved.

6

K NIEKTORÝM OTÁZKAM ROZHODOVANIA SLOVENSKÝCH DOMÁCNOSTÍ

100%

Kika M. , Kollár J.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2020

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tom 52

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nr 4

354 – 373

EN

The paper deals with the issues of decision-making. It focuses on the knowledge of selected aspects of decision-making in households, which has so far received only marginal attention. It answers the question to what activities households perform in the decision-making process, identifies the main decision makers and circumstances that limit their decision-making. Based on the statements of more than 500 households about decision-making in eight selected activities and leisure time it provides initial information about Slovak households in term of their decision-making.

7

INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF SELECTED SELF SYSTEM COMPONENTS ON DECISION MAKING IN THE EXPERIMENTAL PDG SITUATION

100%

Kovacova E. , Sarmany-Schuller I.

Studia Psychologica

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2008

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tom 50

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nr 1

11-30

EN

We used the experimental no-zero sum Prisoner's Dilemma Game (PDG) to discover the regulatory function of self-esteem and self-efficacy in decision-making in regard to the cooperative and/or competitive behavior. The experimental sample consisted of 80 students from different types of secondary schools between the ages 16 -19, AM = 17.00, SD = 1.15, who were administered the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, RSES (Rosenberg, 1965) and General self-efficacy scale, GSES (Jerusalem, Schwarzer, 1981) prior to the PDG implementation. 20 girl and 20 boy dyads, based on a voluntary selection, completed a set of 20 PDG games. We did not discover any significant relation between the selected self system concepts and decision-making in PDG. The result on the significance level p > 0.05 was also determined within the level comparison of L (cooperative)/P (competitive) choice in the whole PDG set between the groups of adolescents with a different level of self-esteem/self-efficacy. In accordance with the L and P choice frequency in the individual games we detected stabilization in the strategy choice during choices 10 - 19: in persons with high self-efficacy towards cooperation, in persons with low self-efficacy towards competitiveness. The preferred strategy corresponded to the initial choice. Also determined was decision-making stability in adolescents with high self-assessment, and that towards competitive strategy during choices 6 - 10. On the other hand, persons with low self-esteem level had a tendency to higher risk, and to search for optimal behavior strategy throughout the whole PDG set. We interpret the findings from the viewpoint of social-cognitive theory and conceptual self-esteem determination.

8

COGNITIVE REPRESENTATION OF SITUATIONAL AND PROPOSITIONAL TIME FLOW AS BASIS FOR TEMPORAL FRAMING EFFECT IN FUTURE TIME MODE

100%

Polunin O.

Studia Psychologica

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2015

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tom 57

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nr 1

5 – 20

EN

The paper presents a finding of new kind of the temporal framing effect, which is applied to a monetary saving proposition. Based on our previous assumption about the multiple cognitive representations of time flow (Polunin, 2009, 2011, 2013), two temporal processes were assumed - situational and propositional time flow. Each of these temporal processes has specific features, and differently impacts the evaluation of money proposed for saving. Subjects made decisions on a monetary saving proposition in two experiments. Despite the equal distance to the beginning of the saving possibility and the equality of the saving amounts a temporal framing effect arises. The subjects made significantly different decisions depending on whether a situational or a propositional time flow was activated. The first one induces a slow decline of positive responses to a saving proposition while the second one leads to a strong loss of attractiveness of a saving proposition.

9

NEED FOR COGNITION AND RATIONALITY IN DECISION-MAKING

100%

Curseu P. L.

Studia Psychologica

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2006

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tom 48

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nr 2

141-156

EN

This paper addresses the relation between the need for cognition and rationality in decision-making and also reconsiders the relation between need for cognition and the framing effect using modified versions of the Asian disease task. In the first study (N = 205), a significant and positive relationship was obtained between need for cognition and the rationality of decision-makers. Also a negative and significant relationship was obtained between need for cognition and indecisiveness. These findings are consistent with the theoretical propositions hypothesized in the need for cognition theory (Cacioppo et al., 1996). The second study (N = 462) is an in-depth analysis of the relation between the need for cognition and the framing effect, revealing a positive and significant relation between need for cognition and the respondents' preference for the probabilistic framed alternatives in two risky choice framing effect tasks.

10

NÁROK NA PRIMERANÉ ZADOSŤUČINENIE, JEHO PREUKAZOVANIE A ODÔVODNENIE SÚDNEHO ROZHODNUTIA

100%

Zlocha Ľ.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2020

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tom 103

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nr 3

198 – 210

EN

In this article the author intends to cover not only the theoretical concept of the institute of just satisfaction in private law, but also some procedural context connected with the claim for just satisfaction in court proceedings. In particular, the subject matter of the analysis is when just compensation can be claimed, what non-material damage can be compensated, under what conditions it can fulfil the preventive-sanction function and what considerations are made by general courts in assessing the appropriateness of compensation.

11

WHAT INFLUENCES REPRESENTATIONS ON VACCINES AND CHILDREN’S VACCINATION? A PSYCHOSOCIAL STUDY ON MOTHERS’ REPRESENTATIONS, VALUES, AND DECISION-MAKING STYLES

100%

Miguel I. , Valentim Joaquim P. J. P. , Carugati F. , Selleri P.

Studia Psychologica

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2022

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tom 64

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nr 1

76 – 90

EN

Although the complex reasons underlying parents’ decision whether to vaccinate their children have been largely unraveled a socio-cognitive perspective on the representational field of vaccination is missing. This study is a contribution to fill such a gap. A sample of 309 Portuguese mothers with children aged 0-6 years answered a self-administered questionnaire. Results show that psychosocial variables such as the number of children modulate mothers’ representations of vaccination as a matter of freedom of choice and preference for natural immunity, while age of children and having (or not) searched for information influence their confidence in vaccines. Also, results show that representations related to freedom of choice, preference for natural immunity, and conspiracy theories are positively predicted by individualism values and a dependent decision-making style, whereas confidence in vaccines is positively associated with universalism values and a rational decision-making style. We discuss the implications of the socio-cognitive dynamics organizing mothers’ representations about vaccines and vaccination for the understanding of behaviours about vaccines and the development of tailored measures for vaccination promotion.

12

DENOMINATOR NEGLECT IN DECISION-MAKING

100%

Ballová Mikušková E.

Studia Psychologica

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2015

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tom 57

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nr 4

255 – 269

EN

People often pay too much attention to numerators and inadequate attention to denominators, this phenomenon is called denominator neglect. The aim of the study was mapping of frequency of denominator neglect, comparison of results with results of other studies and examination of possible moderators of denominator neglect. In two studies a total of 533 participants complete the Jellybean task, Vienna Matrix Test, Master Rationality Motive Scale, Cognitive Reflection Test, and Rational-Experiential Inventory. Results show that 1) denominator neglect was strongest in case of 8% probability (regardless whether alternative probabilities were equal or unequal), 2) motivated participants made significantly less suboptimal choices than unmotivated participants, and 3) there was no effect of cognitive ability, motive for rational integration and experiential thinking disposition, but low cognitive reflection and rational thinking style predicted denominator neglect.

13

WHICH COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES DO SLOVAK PEDIATRICIANS CHOOSE TO FACILITATE PARENTAL DECISION-MAKING ABOUT CHILDHOOD VACCINATION?

100%

Bašnáková J. , Hatoková M.

Studia Psychologica

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2017

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tom 59

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nr 2

139 – 155

EN

One of the most common factors underlying delaying or refusing childhood vaccination is concerned about vaccine safety. Parents often struggle with conflicting information about their adverse effects, vaccine-preventable diseases, and also with emotions such as fear or distress. Paediatricians are in a privileged position to facilitate parental decision-making related to vaccination, but can also tip hesitant parents towards vaccine refusal, especially if they do not communicate effectively. This qualitative study explores the decision-making processes of Slovak paediatricians in choosing communication strategies facilitating parental decisions about vaccination. We conducted literature search to identify recommendations about effective and ineffective communication strategies related to childhood vaccination, as well as in-depth interviews with 15 paediatricians. The results show that paediatricians typically lack formal training in communication with parents, but use a large number of effective communicative strategies that they have acquired during their clinical experience. However, often these decisions are not being made explicitly, and some paediatricians struggle with specific situations and types of parents. We conclude that implementing formal communication training in relation to childhood vaccination would make paediatricians’ daily work more efficient and less emotionally taxing.

14

ZAISTENIE VECÍ A MAJETKU

100%

Kurilovská L. , Kordík M.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2020

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tom 103

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nr 1

29 – 41

EN

The paper deals with the methods of seizure of property in criminal proceedings and with the individual institutes that may be used for this purpose. This is a form of vademecumm of the financial investigation, which is currently one of the priorities of criminal policy. The paper responds in the text to the latest development of the decision-making activities of the courts and tries to point out certain stereotypes that are already overcome by the decision-making activity in selected decisions.

15

SELF-REGULATION AS A LINK BETWEEN GOAL ATTAINMENT AND DECISION-MAKING

100%

Ďurbisová S.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2022

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tom 25

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nr 2

-

EN

Goal attainment is a complex process shaped by numerous decisions individuals make on their way to successfully reaching the desired objective. While there is no doubt about the impact decision-making and goal-attainment have on each other, a unified approach exploring how these processes work together is lacking. Nonetheless, the existing literature has suggested various possible ways of connecting them, such as through self-regulation. Self-regulation plays a pivotal role in individual´s efforts in reaching a goal, especially in the case of distractions and obstacles which threaten the success of this process. The literature is not short of various approaches to different self-regulatory strategies, making it harder to integrate them in a way that would be helpful to the research in other areas. Some authors (Higgins et al., 2020) have pointed out a possible connection between the regulatory focus and a certain type of thinking that can be characteristic for specific decision-making styles. The existing literature provides the basis for connecting decision-making and goal-attainment in a way that might be beneficial for further research. The goal of this paper was to explore the importance of focusing on self-regulation and specific self-regulatory strategies as a link between these processes, and to outline the possible applications in psychological research and practice.

16

DO DECISION-MAKING STYLES HELP EXPLAIN HEALTH-RISK BEHAVIOUR AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN ADDITION TO PERSONALITY FACTORS?

88%

Bavoľár J. , Bačíkova-Slešková M.

Studia Psychologica

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2018

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tom 60

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nr 2

71 – 83

EN

Previous research has indicated that certain decision-making styles are associated with decision outcomes. This article focuses specifically on one area of decision outcomes – health-risk behaviour – and examines if decision-making styles explain the variance in risk behaviour over the Big Five factors. Five decision-making styles (rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous) and five types of risk behaviour (alcohol use, internet use, junk food consumption, cigarette smoking, condom use) were identified in 374 university students. The results differ among the types of risk behaviour, although generally, decision-making styles help to improve the models explaining risk behaviour in the case of alcohol use and problematic internet use with the avoidant and dependent styles having the most prominent role.

17

RODOVÉ ROZDIELY VO FINANČNOM ROZHODOVANÍ V OBLASTI ŽIVOTNÉHO POISTENIA NA SLOVENSKU

88%

Pastoráková E. , Janíková T. , Brokešová Z. , Ondruška T.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2013

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tom 61

|

nr 1

82 – 100

EN

The paper describes results of the research focused on the role of a gender perspective from the point of view of deciding in the life insurance. A life insurance, as a form of the future security, represents an important area of the interest in the current “risk society”. However, the determinants influencing the decision-making are vague in this area. Therefore, main goal is to analyse the influence of the gender, as one of the determinants, to decision-making process on the sample of 342 respondents in the Slovak Republic. More precisely, this study examines the attitudes of men and women to demand and consumption of the life insurance as well as the influence of the gender on individual decision-making factors. The results prove that gender does not play a role in decision-making process in the insurance industry, while in other spheres of the financial decisions does.

18

DIMENSION OF THE COGNITIVE STYLE “ANALYTICAL-INTUITIVE” AND THE SUCCESSFUL PROBLEM SOLVING IN THE “IGT” EXPERIMENTAL SITUATION

88%

Sarmány-Schuller I. , Kuračka P.

Studia Psychologica

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2012

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tom 54

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nr 2

95 – 109

EN

The paper focuses on the relation between the dimension of the cognitive style “analytical-intuitive”, assessed with the Cognitive Style Index (CSI) instrument, and decision-making in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Our study is built on the hypothesis of somatic markers and on the study of the role of emotions in the process of decision-making in the experimental game (Iowa Gambling Task). Our research studied the relationship of cognitive style and performance (and the dynamics of change) in the experimental task on a sample of 108 participants. They were administered the electronic form of IGT and the CSI questionnaire measuring the preference for cognitive style “analytical versus intuitive”. No significant difference was found in the total IGT score between intuitive and analytical participants. However, a significant difference in the character of choice selection of both groups was found. The intuitive participants chose more “safer” decks that bring less variability in potential losses. In conclusions, we have questioned the concept of “beneficial” and “unfavourable” decks. In the test version used in our research, we replaced these names with the concept of “safe” and “risky” decks. The reason is that the choice of the so-called “beneficial” decks is not the best strategy in terms of total wins. Research results suggest the effect of intuition on decision-making in terms of avoiding risky choices.

19

SÚDNOSŤ A (S)PRÁVNE ROZHODOVANIE

88%

Gábriš T.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2020

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tom 103

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nr 2

69 – 85

EN

The dual issue of judgment and decision-making is currently popular especially in behavioural economics, emphasizing the “bounded rationality” of a human being. However, it is originally a topic of decision theory, which is now being explored more broadly also from the perspective of cognitive sciences, combining knowledge of psychology, philosophy, linguistics, computer science and neuroscience. In addition to its use in economics, the application of respective theories becomes gradually more and more popular also in the field of moral decision-making and in general in practical decision-making of professionals, where medical doctors or judges are most often invoked as examples. This paper takes this route in focusing on the faculty of judgment and on decision-making of lawyers – in particular judges and attorneys.

20

Maximizers and Satisficers in Consumer Culture Changes

88%

ROUBAL O.

Communication Today

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2018

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tom 9

|

nr 2

38–55

EN

Consumer culture in the era of late modernity undergoes dynamic changes of global significance. One of the key attributes of these changes constitutes an increasing supply of opportunities and quantitative volumes of different product options. However, this trait of so-called “consumer society” is largely ambivalent. On the one hand, expansion of opportunities constitutes a desirable source of realisation and emancipation of personal freedoms and independence; on the other hand, demands on the ability to individually manage the consequences of one’s own decisions (and to take responsibility for these decisions) increase. We can see this ambivalence well with respect to an example of two different adaptive strategies of consumer choice – maximizers and satisficers. Maximizers are likely to achieve better objective outcomes of their selections than satisficers, but their subjective perception of these results is, according to empirical evidence, more affected by negative emotions. These and other findings should be used more extensively in the marketing practice associated with business strategies.