Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

О применении теории аргументации при дифференциации грамматических вариантов (на материале русского языка)

100%

Попов С. , Харьковский национальный университет имени В. Н. Каразина (Украина)

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica

|

2014

|

tom 10

EN

Differentiation of grammatical variants is an important orthological problem. However, traditionally it is solved without awareness of arguments, which are arbitrarily used as normalizers while identifying differential properties of grammatical variants. The paper shows the possibility and necessity of the orthological application of the argumentation theory. In the context of grammatical variants differentiation, the normalizers use every possible universal and non-universal arguments except those appealed to someone’s intuition and belief. Yet as the most convincing orthological argument should be recognized a combination of direct empiric verification and logical grounding, which, nevertheless, is not always ideal. The quality of this combination is provided by the quality of perception, which has three degrees: syncretic, superficial and alternative perception in its two varieties – imperative and dispositive. The first two degrees determine the relativity of logical grounding whereas the alternative-imperative and alternative-dispositive perception specifies its absoluteness. The direct empiric verification of contextual properties, distinguishing between grammatical variants and absolute logical grounding of the choice of a grammatical variant both based on the evidence of the alternative perception are an orthologically ideal argument.

2

ФАКУЛЬТАТИВНІ КУРСИ ЯК ФОРМА ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЇ НАВЧАННЯ ПРИРОДНИЧИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН (60–80-ті роки ХХ ст.)

100%

Левашова В.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

|

2015

|

nr 2(46)

138-145

EN

In the article it is described, that important acquisition of the investigated period (60–80thof the ХХ century) was introduction of elective courses of natural type as one of the forms of differentiation of studies. That optional employments of natural cycle should bring certain to educate professional qualities and skills that are taugnt to usethe knowledge in labour activity and have a vocational orientation. As the researchers prove, electives establish “bridges” between general education and future profession of the young person. Clubs and optional classes is the most common kind of satisfaction of interests of the students. It is proved that important acquisition of the investigated period was introduction (from 1967) of optional employments of natural type as a new form of educational work in secondary schools. This event laid the elements of the differentiated studies of students at the maintainance of the unique normative content of education. Optional employments, introduced in secondary schools with the purpose of development of interests and capabilities of pupils, deepening of development interests of physic-mathematical, natural and humanitarian sciences, allowed to represent more flexibly and completlier the newest achievements of science, technique and culture, elevate students minds, develop cognitive interests. Optional employments were also one of the forms of vocational orientation of pupils. From the beginning elective courses became the most popular form of the differentiated studies. Already in the first years of introduction of optional employments they were involved by a large number of pupils of secondary schools. So, elective courses did not put before itself the purpose to give pupils some certain professional preparation, but helped them to choose speciality, correctly determined in life. So, it is proved that the use of various forms of the differentiated studies of naturalscience disciplines: schools and classes with in-depth study of object, specialized classes, introduction of electives, and also introduction of multi-level requirements for the knowledge and abilities of students in primary school allowed to provide achievement of the unique national aims of studies, education and development of students.

3

Between shrinking and blooming: the crossroad of small towns’ urbanisation in Hungary

100%

Pirisi G. , Trócsányi A. , Makkai B.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

|

2015

|

tom 8 Small Towns’ Development Problems

12-28

EN

The authors present an overview about small towns’ urbanisation in Hungary. Following the specific aspects and factors of their urbanisation in the last centuries, the authors conclude that 20 years after the political and economic transition, small towns arrived at a crossroads in their development. Suffering the effects of demographic change and an outflow of young adults, almost every typical, traditional small town has been shrinking since at least the last decade. This crisis is more intensive than the overall decrease of the population number in Hungary. Only atypical small towns have been able to increase their population. Behind the crisis of typical small towns, the paper defines some possible factors, including the delayed effects of transition, the re-evaluation of small towns in the globalising, network-based economy and the actual reduction of the state’s spatial functions and presence. Although some niche-based strategies are open for success, for the majority of small towns the question still remains open: what new functions and attributes could make them attractive and successful in the 21st century?

4

Structure-adaptive evaluation of additive noise level in images

100%

Palenichka R. M. , Ivasenko I. B.

Machine Graphics and Vision

|

1998

|

tom Vol. 7, No. 1/2

281-290

EN

In the presented paper the problem of noise estimation is considered. The distinctive feature of the presented structural image model is the separate modeling of the object's planar shape as well as the image intensity function which is defined within the support regions of objects and for the background itself. For the intensity function model of the original image a piecewise polynominal model is assumed.

5

Economic and Monetary Union as an Example of Differentiated Integration

100%

Piekutowska A. , Kużelewska E.

Yearbook of Polish European Studies

|

2015

|

nr 18

165-192

EN

Despite the over 60 years’ experience with European integration (since the Paris Treaty), it remains permeated with certain distinctions and dissimilarities with respect to particular Member States. The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is the best example of differentiated integration, since as early as its initial construction it contained signifi cant differences vis-à-vis Member States. The third stage of the EMU (in force since 1 January 1999), the introduction of the single European currency, did not encompass all 15 Member States, but only 11 of them. Greece joined it only in 2002, and the United Kingdom and Denmark had negotiated an opt-out provision in the Maastricht Treaty. This article explores differentiated integration in the EMU framework, and presents as well the consequences for the countries outside the ‘hard core’ of currency integration, i.e. those states which are the subjects of temporary derogations and which are obliged, by their Accession Treaties, to accept the European currency in the future.

6

Seeding cell number required for optimal lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation using 3T3-L1 cell line

100%

Ariyanto E. F. , Odaiyappan N. A. L. S. , Lidyana L. , Wikayani T. P. , Qomarilla N. , Wira D. W. , Triatin R. D.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2019

|

tom 25

220-226

EN

Obesity is one of the major causes of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and heart attack, and, hence, can lead to low quality of life. Elaborating adipocyte differentiation is very crucial for formulating the treatment and prevention of obesity. The objective of this study is to investigate the seeding cell number required to obtain optimum lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation using the 3T3-L1 cell line. Two sets of 5.48×104 (for Day 0 and Day 8 of differentiation), of 10.96×104 (for Day 8) and of 21.92×104 (for Day 8) of 3T3-L1 cells were seeded in each wells of a 12-well plate. Isobuthylmethylxanthine (IBMX), Dexamethasone, and Insulin-containing differentiation cocktails was added into the medium at Day 0 for 48 hours. The medium was changed every two days. Day 0 and Day 8 samples were then stained using Oil Red O and were examined under the microscope to observe the lipid droplets (red-coloured). The lipid droplets were quantified by measuring the absorbance at wavelength of 550 nm. In the study, seeding the number of 10.96×104 cells produced very significantly higher lipid accumulation, as compared with seeding the number of 5.48×104 cells. However, doubling the seeding number into 21.92×104 cells did not increase the lipid droplets significantly. This study found that the optimum seeding number to obtain the maximum lipid droplets during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation was 10.96×104 cells.

7

Differentiation of Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel sensu lato and related species based on vegetative compatibility

100%

Rataj-Guranowska M. , Lukaszewska N.

Phytopathologia Polonica

|

1998

|

tom 16

8

Differentiation of ruderal floras in environmental isolation conditions

100%

Wolkowycki D.

Publications of the Department of Plant Taxonomy of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan

|

2000

|

tom 10

9

The kinase suppressor of Ras [KSR-1] is required for differentiation of HL60 cells induced by near-physiological levels of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3

100%

Wang X. , Studzinski G. P.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

|

2002

|

tom 07

|

nr Suppl.

10

Developing Individual Language Competences via Task-Based Learning and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)

88%

Ebenberger A.

Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature

|

2017

|

tom 41

|

nr 1

DE

Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.

EN

In Austria optional English language teaching (ELT) starts in kindergarten. It becomes obligatory and curriculum based in the first year of primary school. The first two years language teaching happens in an integrative way and lasts around 20 minutes per week. It gets expanded to one single lesson per week in the 3rd and 4thgrade of primary school. Schools are allowed to decide autonomously if they offer – depending on their financial and human resources – additional courses for gifted and interested young learners. Therefor the outcomes and competences of learners after four years of obligatory ELT sometimes differ tremendously when children proceed to secondary education. Dealing with a heterogeneous group of language learners and teaching according to individual needs, competences and pre-knowledge seems to be one of the most important and most difficult challenges each teacher, even primary school teachers, has to focus. The aspects of differentiation and individualisation have become crucial for the success of a teaching and learning process. Concepts like task-based learning and especially content and language integrated learning (CLIL) support the increase of proficiency, accuracy and fluency in English as a foreign language. The methods force the preparation of different material and different exercises due to different pre-knowledge, different depths of knowledge and different interests of learners. According to these aspects the paper (and the talk) presents examples and material that supports the development of individual language competences.

FR

Le numéro contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.

RU

Том не содержит аннотаций на английском языке.

11

A numerical procedure for filtering and efficient high-order signal differentiation

88%

Ibrir S. , Diop S.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

|

2004

|

tom 14

|

nr 2

201-208

EN

In this paper, we propose a numerical algorithm for filtering and robust signal differentiation. The numerical procedure is based on the solution of a simplified linear optimization problem. A compromise between smoothing and fidelity with respect to the measurable data is achieved by the computation of an optimal regularization parameter that minimizes the Generalized Cross Validation criterion (GCV). Simulation results are given to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.

12

Is it possible to differentiate between pseudopneumoperitoneum and similar pathologies ultrasonographically?

88%

Smereczyński A. , Kołaczyk K.

Journal of Ultrasonography

|

2017

|

tom 17

|

nr 68

30-35

EN

Aim: The goal of the work was comparing gas ultrasound images below the right diaphragm in two groups: in people with intestinal interposition below the diaphragm and ones with pneumoperitoneum and extracting the traits differentiating these two conditions. Material and methods: Retrospectively, the documentation of 22 patients with intestinal interposition below the diaphragm (group 1) was utilized. Clinical material was used for comparison, previously published, composed of 15 cases of pneumoperitoneum following laparotomy and of 14 cases following that symptom as a result of ulcer perforation – group 2 (in total n = 29). Moreover, the distance in millimeters of the gas surface reflecting ultrasounds from the parietal peritoneum was measured, the smoothness of the surface, parietal peritoneum enhancement at the place of gas adherence, gas continuity below the diaphragm with gas in the intestine located below the liver. Results: Direct adherence of the gas surface to the diaphragm was observed in 100% of the cases of emphysema, but in no cases of intestinal interposition. Yet, in the group of patients with colonic interposition (n = 21) there was always a small gap (2–3 mm) and the gas surface among those patients in 100% of the cases was uneven. Conclusions: In differentiation between pneumoperitoneum and liverdiaphragm interposition of the intestine one should take into account – apart from gas movement below the diaphragm at body position changing – the presence of protrusion and section enhancement of the diaphragmatic peritoneum as well as the distance of the gas from the diaphragm, the smoothness of its surface and the continuity with the intestine below the liver. Interpositions of small diaphragm-liver penetration may subside in erect position.

PL

Gaz pod przeponą na zdjęciach RTG klatki piersiowej lub jamy brzusznej jest zazwyczaj niepokojącym objawem i przede wszystkim wymaga wykluczenia odmy otrzewnowej. Niekiedy w celu wyjaśnienia tego zjawiska należy wykonać tomografię komputerową, która najlepiej rozstrzyga tę kwestię(1,2). Biorąc pod uwagę wszelkie zalety ultrasonografii, w tym badanie w przypadkach nagłych i w ekstremalnie trudnych warunkach, warto określić, czy metoda ta umożliwia odróżnienie odmy otrzewnowej od stanów chorobowych ją pozorujących, czyli pneumoperitoneum od pseudopneumoperitoneum(3–5). Pod tym ostatnim terminem kryje się głównie nietypowe położenie jelita między przeponą a wątrobą, co w piśmiennictwie określa się objawem Chilaiditiego (od nazwiska autora pierwszej publikacji na ten temat). W symptomatologii kliniczno-radiologicznej wyróżnia się ponadto zespół Chilaiditiego, który wskazuje na istnienie związku przyczynowego między istniejącą interpozycją przeponowo-wątrobową jelita a różnymi dolegliwo- ściami ze strony przewodu pokarmowego, układu oddechowego lub układu krążenia(1,2,6–10). Ultrasonografia jest rzadko wykorzystywana w różnicowaniu odmy otrzewnowej z objawem Chilaiditiego(4,11–15). W celu poszerzenia tej diagnostyki retrospektywnie zanalizowano 22 przypadki z interpozycją jelita pod przeponą i porównano z wcześniej uzyskanymi danymi w przypadkach z odmą otrzewnową samoistną oraz po laparotomiach (łącznie n = 29)(16–18). Artykuł w wersji polskojęzycznej jest dostępny na stronie http://jultrason.pl/wydawnictwa/volume-17-no-68

13

Differential and integral calculus on discrete time series data.

88%

Lin Y.

Systems Science

|

2001

|

tom Vol. 27, nr 3

49-58

EN

It has been found that discontinuity plays a crucial role in natural evolutions (Lin 1998). In this presentation, we will generalize the idea of integration and differentiation, we developed in calculus, to the study of time series in the hope that the problem of outliers and discontinuities can be resolved more successfully than simply deleting the outliers and avoiding discontinuities from the overall data analysis. In general, appearances of outliers tend to mean existence of discontinuities, explosive growth or decline in the evolution. At the same time, our approach can be employed to partially overcome the problem of not having enough data values in any available time series. At the end, we will look at some real-life problems of prediction in order to see the power of this new approach.

14

Individualization and Differentiation for Achieving Educational Progress in Children in Kindergarten

88%

Engels-Kritidis R.

Journal of Preschool and Elementary School Education

|

2015

|

nr 8

13-27

EN

The publication outlines the importance of individualization and differentiation when selecting and developing educational content, as well as when planning the goals of pedagogical interactions in the kindergarten. The results of a study involving experimental and control groups of 3–4- and 6–7 year-old children are presented; they indicate greater improvement in the progress of children in the group where an individual and differentiated approach had been systematically applied to all pupils.

15

Zwięzła historia języka polskiego – założenia opisu

88%

Dunaj B.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

|

2015

|

tom 22

|

nr 1

69-80

PL

The article begins with the presentation of the previous syntheses of the history of the Polish language. Next, the foundations of the description have been presented. According to the author they should comprise, among others, the processes of linguistic differentiation, occurring at the level of the: a) system, b) style as well as the process of linguistic integration leading to the creation of a general language. In the historical and linguistic description, the author distinguished 3 levels: a) political, social and cultural background, b) communicative aspects, c) linguistic aspects. While discussing the problem of linguistic communication, the author draws readers’ attention to three communicative breakthroughs in the history of the Polish language: a) in the first half of the 16th c., b) after World War II, c) at the turn of the 20th century. The article is concluded with a proposal of periodization of the history of the Polish language. The author has divided the history of the Polish language-comprising more than ten centuries-into two great epochs: a) until the beginning of the 16th century, b) from the 16th century until the modern times. They have been divided into subperiods on the basis of varied criteria: historical, linguistic and communicative.

16

Różnicowanie się poradnictwa kariery w kulturach

88%

Bilon A.

Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses

|

2012

|

tom 13

191-208

EN

In the paper, the authoress makes an attempt to reflect on two observable and opposing trends/processes existing in the field of contemporary career counselling, such as the tendency towards homogenization of theories and working methods, and the processes of differentiation between the service systems of career counseling organizations around the world. Both these trends/processes can be treated as consequences of career counselling being ‘immersed’ in culture. The authoress tries to address the questions about various consequences of this immersion. Career counselling is understood here as a social process that is subjected to constant change nowadays, and to make the reflection on culture transparent the authoress uses the results of research conducted by Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede. The paper makes use of two dimensions of culture distinguished by these researchers: the distance of power and the collectivism/individualism. The authoress tries to reflect on the impact of these dimensions on career counseling. In conclusion, she claims that there is no possibility of establishing equal systems, theories and even approaches towards counselling in different cultures and countries around the world.

17

Rosnąca rola klientocentryczności w rozwoju koncepcji biznesowych

88%

Grocholiński P.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

|

2020

|

tom 23

|

nr 3

53-70

EN

Customer-centricity – a concept, a trend or an absolute must-have in a modern consumer market? The answer may seem clear, and that no further profound reflections are required. However, it is impossible to specify unambiguously the criteria that should be met by an organization to be considered a customer-centric enterprise. This doubt stimulated the analysis of the available sources in which numerous authors have taken up the topic of the customer and his strategic importance for supporting a wide range of businesses. I focus on five different business concepts that combine a qualitative approach to the customer. The article attempts to define the concept of customer-centricity, and I identify five different qualities that should be met by an organization so that it may call itself “customer-centric”.

18

Does Differentiation Lead to Disintegration? Insights from Theories of European Integration and Comparative Regionalism

88%

Cianciara A.

Yearbook of Polish European Studies

|

2015

|

nr 18

39-58

EN

Differentiated integration is often considered ‘integration gone wrong’ and not a normal and permanent feature of the ever larger and more heterogeneous European Union. With the growing impact of the widening, deepening and politicization dynamics, the Union has been conceptualized as a ‘system of differentiated integration’. At the same time, concerns over ‘disintegration’ are mounting. In this light it seems crucial to refl ect on the relationship between differentiation and disintegration: does the former lead to the latter? Should we prevent further differentiation, or promote it as means of making the EU more successful? On one hand, European integration theories provide few adequate answers on the mechanisms and conditions for disintegration. On the other hand, analysis of other regional organizations puts the European dilemma into perspective, and it seems that the existence of various forms of differentiation does not prevent successful cooperation.

19

On the relationship between fractal geometry of space and time in which a system of interacting cells exists and dynamics of gene expression.

88%

Waliszewski P. , Molski M. , Konarski J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2001

|

tom 48

|

nr 1

209-220

EN

We report that both space and time, in which a system of interacting cells exists, possess fractal structure. Each single cell of the system can restore the hierarchical organization and dynamic features of the entire tumor. There is a relationship between dynamics of gene expression and connectivity (i.e., interconnectedness which denotes the existence of complex, dynamic relationships in a population of cells leading to the emergence of global features in the system that would never appear in a single cell existing out of the system). Fractal structure emerges owing to non-bijectivity of dynamic cellular network of genes and their regulatory elements. It disappears during tumor progression. This latter state is characterized by damped dynamics of gene expression, loss of connectivity, loss of collectivity (i.e., capability of the interconnected cells to interact in a common mode), and metastatic phenotype. Fractal structure of both space and time is necessary for a cellular system to self-organize. Our findings indicate that results of molecular studies on gene expression should be interpreted in terms of space-time geometry of the cellular system. In particular, the dynamics of gene expression in cancer cells existing in a malignant tumor is not identical with the dynamics of gene expression in the same cells cultured in the monolayer system.

20

Tracking chromatin states using controlled DNase I treatment and real-time PCR

88%

Martins R. P. , Platts A. E. , Krawetz S. A.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

|

2007

|

tom 12

|

nr 4

545-555

EN

A novel approach to DNase I-sensitivity analysis was applied to examining genes of the spermatogenic pathway, reflective of the substantial morphological and genomic changes that occur during this program of differentiation. A new real-time PCR-based strategy that considers the nuances of response to nuclease treatment was used to assess the nuclease susceptibility through differentiation. Data analysis was automated with the K-Lab PCR algorithm, facilitating the rapid analysis of multiple samples while eliminating the subjectivity usually associated with Ct analyses. The utility of this assay and analytical paradigm as applied to nuclease-sensitivity mapping is presented.