Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The Value of Physical Culture in the Group Sportsmen Doing Combat Sports

100%

Ambroży T. , Makuła W. , Ambroży D. , Jurczak A. , Mucha D.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2016

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tom 21(21)

273-284

EN

During the research the Scheler value scale has been used with the analysis accent put only on physical culture values. The basic data distribution statistics and the strength of correlations between the values have been evaluated, too. The findings confirm the rank of their previous education and life experiences including the sporty ones in strengthening the adult respondents’ attitudes to the physical culture values.

2

Changes in the Physical Endurance of Kickboxers in the Preparatory Phase

80%

Ambroży T. , Kwiatkowski A. , Mucha D. , Piwowarski J.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2016

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tom 18(18)

80-91

EN

The aim of the paper was to analyze: training effectiveness in the preparatory period, changes in contestants’ aerobic and anaerobic capacity in the preparatory period, changes in contestants’ motor abilities in the preparatory period, to compare the level of selected parameters of anaerobic capacity measured by means of Wingate test and aerobic capacity measured by means of Beep-test of kickboxing contestants with the results of contestants training similar martial arts. The research has been carried out on three contestants of UKS Gladiator Club who achieve high sports results. An analysis of obtained results shows that the training employed in the preparatory phase has been appropriately planned and effective enough. Both aerobic and anaerobic capacity in the preparatory phase has increased significantly. Anaerobic capacity of the examined contestants is higher than capacity of the contestants in the control group. Their aerobic capacity, on the other hand, is lower than in the control group. When planning further training in the future greater attention should be paid to developing aerobic capacity.

3

Japanese Security Culture in the Global Village. The Budo Charter as a Modernized Element of Ancient Military Tradition

80%

Cynarski W. J. , Piwowarski J.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2016

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tom 20(20)

30-50

EN

Authors have presented and discussed the content of the Budo Charter, positioning it in social phenomenon forming a system of security culture. This is modernized ethics canon and a kind of credo showing today’s social mission, which is implemented by the transmission of Japanese martial arts of budo. Triangulated problem analysis was carried out from three perspectives – humanist theory of martial arts, security sciences and anthropology of martial arts. It was concluded that the content contained in the Budo Charter are elements of security culture, which show continuous up-to-date ideals carried since ancient times by the honorable Samurai code bushido and its manual application, which is a collection of martial arts of budo from the Japanese Islands.

4

Martial Arts and Combat Sports – Similarities and Differences in Terms of the Basic Activities of a Coach

80%

Bujak Z. , Gierczuk D. , Litwiniuk S.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2013

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tom 20

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nr 1

35-38

EN

Introduction. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that different approaches to the training process in the selfdefense and martial arts, reflected the hierarchical structure of the basic activities of a coach. Materials and methods. Opinions of 159 trainers with many years of experience in capoeira (n=16), taekwon-do ITF version (n=95) and wrestling (n=48) were collected. Diagnostic survey method was used, and the instrument was a questionnaire developed by Tumanian [7] and modified by Januszewski and Sterkowicz [8]. Results. Capoeira and wrestling trainers did not agree as to the status of any of the 20 coach's activities. The biggest differences were in assessing the significance of instructing trainees during competitions, developing planning process and first aid giving. Rsp ranks correlation coefficient = 0.66, p<0.01. Capoeira and taekwon-do coaches had consistent opinions in case of five activities. The largest differences occurred in terms of organizing and judging the competition and instructing trainees during competitions. Rsp rank correlation coefficient = 0.50, p<0.05. The opinions of taekwon-do and wrestling coaches were in line for two activities and the two activities were given different ranks. Rsp rank correlation coefficient = 0.71, p<0.001. Conclusions. Managing technical and physical preparation of trainees, as well as their training process and body control, were the most important activities of a coach in three combat variations. Scientific-methodical research was considered unimportant. None of the surveyed coaches agreed with others on the importance of professional activities, and their rank does not differentiate representatives of the three types of combat.

5

Droga samuraja

80%

Hańderek J.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2013

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nr 2(29)

59-77

EN

In this paper I shall analyze the phenomenon of popular culture and its reception in its narrow meaning as well as in the wider one. Popular culture – as it has been shown by Jocke Hermes, one of its researchers by reaching for simple means of communication and by relying on simplified stylistics, can explain reality and change attitudes of its receivers towards the world. Film is a crucial element of popular culture, and Jim Jarmusch’s “Ghost Dog. The Way of the Samurai” makes for a very interesting example. On the one hand, it shows violence and fighting in an aestheticized way, on the other, however, it also shows how culture incorporates elements of other cultures. What I shall focus on in the present paper is especially this second aspect. The tale about an African American who lives by the Samurai code, faithfully reconstructing the attitudes described in a textbook and gradually adopting the mentality of “the East,” becomes a perfect illustration of cultural influence and interaction between cultures. The man portrayed by Jarmusch relies on a textbook: “The Way of the Samurai,” and is thus able to choose cultural paradigmata on his own, drawing from the possibilities that the modern, open form of multiculturalism presents to him. At the same time, he is authentic, almost primary in his actions. By remaining faithful to his master and to the Samurai virtues, he returns to the world of Japanese culture and tradition. The fact of him being an African American, a man rooted in both African and Western culture (he lives, was born and brought up in the United States) is being treated as a parallel. He completes his existential development through contact with a different culture and its values.The essence of the story are gangster fights, therefore fighting and its canons are contrasted with cultural requirements. The fact that Jarmusch’s film is based on violence, and that only through this violence can the cultural determinants be shown, may have a double meaning. On the one hand, the contrast between modern aggression of Western people (simple and based only on physical violence) and the Samurai code (requiring one not only to comply with given virtues, but also to be in control of oneself) can show the relation between Eastern and Western culture, as well as provide a modern take on many traditions and their meaning. On the other hand, this martial art, as the art of being in control of oneself, becomes a way for the hero of Jarmusch’s film to seize the authenticity of his life.

6

Factors of Development of Far Eastern Martial Arts in Central Europe

80%

Cynarski W. , Sieber L. , Obodyński K. , Ďuriček M. , Król P. , Rzepko M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2009

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tom 22

69-75

EN

The aim of the research was to indicate the main factors of development declared by the practitioners of the different disciplines of martial arts and combat sports in selected countries of Central Europe. In particular, such variables as training location and type of martial arts/combat sports have been taken into consideration. Five research questions have been established which should be answered in order to find the solution to the posed problem.The theoretical perspective for analyses presented here consists of sociology of sport and humanist theory of martial arts. This approach results in the need for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the answers to questions about the barriers of development according to the variables of the practiced variety (a martial art, a combat sport) and the place of training.The method of diagnostic survey has been used. The research was conducted on a group of 500 subjects from south-eastern Poland, Slovakia, Germany and additionally (for comparison) from England, of which 489 were accepted for the study. This number includes 137 representatives of kyokushin karate from Poland, 143 Polish karatekas of non-contact varieties, 18 representatives of jujitsu and karate from Germany, 37 aikidokas from Poland (a martial art without sportive rivalry), 107 judokas from Poland and 24 judokas from Slovakia, with an additional 23 British rugby players. The selection of the group was deliberate and complete, taking into account the representatives of various martial arts and combat sports, with rugby used for comparative purposes.Practicing martial arts oriented to self-realization, determines the motivation for their practice, which differs from the motivation in sport (combat sports). It influences the dominating choices of values-goals and popularity, thus the development of given varieties. Both martial arts and combat sports of Asian origin (aikido, judo, jujitsu, karate) attract practitioners, mainly due to their usefulness in self-defense. The values connected with training and sportive rivalry (combat sports, rugby) are also noticed. The variable of place (country) is connected with the dominating forms in promoting a given martial art or combat sport.

7

Ideological conditioning of martial arts training

80%

Cynarski W.

Physical Activity Review

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2018

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tom 6

14-21

EN

Background and Study Aim: The impact of ideas on teaching and training in martial arts has not been widely studied yet. Novum here is specially designed methodology – by expert’s judgements, not directly. On the ground of General Theory of Fighting Arts, the question is: How do i deological (philosophical, religious) conditions affect the process of training in different martial arts? The scope of research was limited to contemporary Europe and selected martial arts organizations (1980 -2015). Method: The first method used here is based on analysis of the content of the literature of the subject, or rather qualitative analysis of the discourse. Then the opinions and teaching of 5 highest rank masters of martial arts from France, Germany and Poland were taken into account (expert cour t method). It comes to this own, long -standing participant observation of the author. Results: There are 5 issues taken from the literature of the subject and 5 of their western applications, according to master -teachers’ teaching. They represent the classic canon of martial arts. The attitude to martial arts traditions varies from preference towards faithfulness to innovation. Disciples of Asian masters are more often in favour of the original version of the curriculum. Conclusions: Most of the ideological content of today's Asian martial arts comes from the philosophy of Taoism. In many cases the symbols and rules derive rather from the cultural traditions of the country of origin of the martial arts, rather than directly from certain religious or philosop hical systems. The attitude of widely perceived perfectionism is one of these universal values of martial arts, which is worth promoting regardless of world- view.

8

Diagnostics of selected motor skills of Oyama Karate competitors preparing for the championships

80%

Zadarko E. , Mostek I. , Zadarko-Domaradzka M. , Barabasz Z. , Lenik J. , Przednówek K. H. , Huzarski M. , Nizioł-Babiarz E. , Szybisty A. , Przednówek K.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

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2019

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tom 19

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nr 1S

102-106

EN

Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in selected parameters of motor preparation of Oyama Karate athletes in training before championship competitions. The research involved ten male athletes at the Oyama Rzeszow Sports Club (aged 22.9 ± 12.3, training period 17.6 ± 8.5 years). Method. The anaerobic endurance (90-second test with a punching bag) and aerobic endurance (20 MSRT) and speed (circular kick, hip twist, two straight strikes) and jumping ability (squat jump-SJ and countermovement jump-CMJ) were tested. Results. The tests were carried out during the preparatory period and during the pre-competition period. Conclusion. The analysis shows that in all subsequent experimental studies an improvement or stabilisation of most of the analysed motor preparation parameters has been noted.

9

Heart Rate Responses and Training Load During Nonspecific and Specific Aerobic Training in Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes

80%

Haddad M. , Chaouachi A. , Wong D. , Castagna C. , Chamari K.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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tom 29

59-66

EN

The efficacy of replacing generic running with Taekwondo (TKD) specific technical skills during interval training at an intensity corresponding to 90-95% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) has not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the HR responses and perceived exertion between controlled running and high-intensity TKD technical interval training in adolescent TKD athletes. Eighteen adolescent, male TKD athletes performed short-duration interval running and TKD specific technical skills (i.e. 10-20 [10-s of exercise interspersed with 20 s of passive recovery]) in a counterbalanced design. In both training methods, HR was measured and expressed as the percentage of HR reserve (%HRres). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE, Borg's category rating-10 scale), Banister's training impulse (TRIMP) and Edwards' training load (TL) were used to quantify the internal training load. Recorded cardiovascular responses expressed in %HRres in the two training methods were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the two training methods induced similar training loads as calculated by Banister and Edwards' methods. Perceived exertion ranged between "hard" and "very hard" during all interval training sessions. These findings showed that performing repeated TKD specific skills increased HR to the same level, and were perceived as producing the same training intensity as did short-duration interval running in adolescent TKD athletes. Therefore, using specific TKD kicking exercises in high-intensity interval training can be applied to bring more variety during training, mixing physical and technical aspects of the sport, while reaching the same intensity as interval running.

10

Trends in Technical and Tactical Modifications Among Competitors of Various Nationalities Based on Research Conducted During the 2009 World Youth Championship in Greco-Roman Style Wrestling in Turkey

80%

Kruszewski A. , Kuźmicki S. , Kruszewski M. , Jagiełło W.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2012

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tom 19

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nr 2

119-122

EN

Introduction. This paper discusses the relationship between the technique implemented during competition and the end result including an attempt to evaluate the technical and tactical preparation of different nationality competitors in Greco- Roman wrestling. The research was conducted during the 2009 Junior World Cup in Turkey. Material and methods. The research material included a video recording posted by the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA) on their website. The material contained recordings of 240 matches. An analysis of 212 matches with competitors from 49 countries was conducted; each team selected one competitor in each weight category (up to 8 competitors in total). Results and conclusions. During the competition there was strong correlation between victory and the execution of the roll-through and the combat zone and result defence, also in the ground position. Competitors from Russia and Iran, who were most successful, winning 6 and 4 medals respectively, obtained an average of 3.18 technical points in each match. Among the sample analysed this was the lowest score, indicating the optimal use of technical and tactical skills by the competitors resulting in a victory.

11

Health in the context of martial arts practice

80%

Wąsik J. , Wójcik A.

Physical Activity Review

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2017

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tom 5

91-94

EN

One of the manifestations of physical activity are martial arts. Modern research also concerns the problem of treating martial arts not only as a means of self defence, sport or how one spends their free time, but also as a therapy. Therapy throu gh traditional martial arts can help treat many medical disorders. It was acclaimed that participation in the traditional martial arts promotes mental health. It was noted that the sense of self - worth and self - esteem of competence is directly related to th e time spent doing training. Current studies show that the traditional martial arts are largely effective, complementary strategy of medical care and rehabilitation of chronic diseases. By watching yet another MMA event on the TV, seeing players’ faces bei ng hit and blood flowing on their bodies, it is worth to be aware that it’s just a spectacular event. The everyday life of people concerned with martial arts is different. Often times they undertake these exercises to improve their physical fitness and the quality of life. It is followed by taking responsibility for their health and not giving it exclusively to the doctor. This results in an active and rational fight agains any disease.

12

The role of karate in preparing boys for school education

80%

Pavlova I. , Bodnar I. , Vitos J.

Physical Activity Review

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2018

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tom 6

54-63

EN

Karate classes can positively affect the health of children and develop body and soul harmoniously. The purpose of the work is to examine the influence of physical ed ucation classes with a priority in application of oriental martial arts on the physical and psychophysical preparedness of preschool boys (n=71). Assessment of physical and psycho -physical preparedness for children was performed with the set of tests ( stan ding long jump , throws of the ball against the wall and catching it , flexion and extension of arms lying on the floor , jumping with a rope to fatigue , raising of the body from the initial supine position , squats, writing the letter “O”, claps, pronouncing of digits, keeping the “Flamingo” pose). The children from the experimental group (n=33) were trained by the program with the priority in application of karate. Children from control group had Physical Education classes according Ukrainian State program fo r preschooler children “Sure Start”. The physical state and the level of psycho -physical fitness were rated as average. The implementation of the physical education program with the priority in application of karate has proven its higher efficacy compared to the traditional one. The program contributed significantly to raising the level of physical and mental fitness, overall assessment increased from 3.0 to 4.8 points in the experimental group. Better discipline, greater attention, higher mental capacity and less fatigue of children who attended the author’s program confirm that the classes with the priority of karate application can promote the full readiness of children for school.

13

Chronic Effects of Different Resistance Training Exercise Orders on Flexibility in Elite Judo Athletes

80%

Saraiva A. R. , Reis V. M. , Costa P. B. , Bentes C. M. , Costa e Silva G. V. , Novaes J. S.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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tom 40

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nr 1

129-137

EN

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of twelve weeks of resistance training with different exercise orders (upper limbs and lower limbs vs. lower limbs and upper limbs) on flexibility levels in elite judo athletes. Thirtynine male athletes were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: G1 (n = 13), G2 (n = 13), and CG (n = 13). The flexibility was assessed on 8 joint movements: shoulder flexion and shoulder extension, shoulder abduction and shoulder adduction, trunk flexion and trunk extension, and hip flexion and hip extension. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs (time [pre-experimental vs. post-experimental] × group [G1 vs. G2 vs. CG]) were used to compare the differences between pre- and post-test situations and the differences among groups. The results from the within-group (pre vs. post) comparisons demonstrated significant increases (p < 0.05) in the range of motion of 3.93 and 5.96% for G1 and G2 training groups, respectively, in all joints. No significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed for the CG. The results from the between-group comparisons demonstrated no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the range of motion between G1post vs. G2post (1.15%). Although both exercise orders (from upper to lower limbs and from lower to upper limbs) increased flexibility, no significant variations were observed between the different exercise orders. Nevertheless, these findings demonstrate that flexibility gains could be obtained with a resistance training program, and thus, more time can be devoted to sports-specific judo training.

14

The influence of a training programme on the special physical fitness of ju-jitsu trainees

80%

Ambroży T. , Nowak M. , Mucha D. , Chwała W. , Piwowarski J.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2014

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tom 12(12)

178-186

EN

The purpose of training in ju-jitsu is developing characteristic adaptation to physical activity and optimizing body functions so as to obtain maximal achievements. A means to an end is mastering the fighting technique and develop the essential level of special physical fitness. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of a modified circuit training conducted according to an original program on level of special physical fitness of ju-jitsu trainees. Ju-jitsu trainees having similar somatic parameters and training experience (3-5 years) were included in the research. 30 participants between the age of 21 and 28 have been selected by means of a purposeful selection. On the basis of different variants of a circuit training and governed by the guidelines of a functional training for trainees, we have developed a training programme which aims to develop special strength, stamina and speed skills. STATISTICA PL software was used to compile the results. In order to determine statistical significance of differences between pre- and posttest measurements in the evaluated group of Ju-Jitsu contestants, a t-test for related groups was used. In conclusion, the proposed training programme proceeds at a high level of intensity, which resembles start activity (which is indicated by the heart rate frequency measurement and lactic acid blood concentration) and may be used in ju-jistu training. The experimental training programme has exerted positive influence on the participants’ with respect to the number of movements made, which can affect their effectiveness in fight.

15

Functional state of martial arts athletes during implementation process of controlled activity – comparative analysis

80%

Romanenko V. , Podrigalo L. , Iermakov S. , Rovnaya O. , Tolstoplet E. , Tropin Y. , Goloha V.

Physical Activity Review

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2018

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tom 6

87-93

EN

Introduction : The study of athletes’ psychophysiological characteristics is one of the major problem at sports science. The aim of the study is to perform comparative analysis of athletes’ power and adaptive capacities during the implementation process of controlled activity, like performing screen -selection activity. Materials and methods: I n research participated divided into 3 groups martial arts athletes: taekwon -do ITF and karate WTF (n=34); Greco -Roman and freestyle wrestling athletes (n=18); sambo and judo athletes (n=11). As a device, a tablet of Apple company - iPad, fourth- generation, with 9,7 -inch screen was used. For the heart rate (HR) registration it was used BT4.0&ANT+ Heart Rate Mo nitor. Participants performed a sample: the response rate of the selection. The attempt was to react to one given signal from the five proposed. Results: Taekwon -do ITF athletes, karate WTF , hand -to - hand combat showed the best reaction selection time rates . The worst reaction selection time rates were shown by Greco- Roman and freestyle wrestling athletes. Conclusions: The handled comparative analysis reaction time of selection for athletes of different kinds of martial arts has verified its high informative value. Taekwon -do ITF, karate WTF , hand -to -hand combat athletes have better results. The results suggest that participants’ state of adaptiveness was normal. The high informative value of used test allows recommend it as screening in the selection of prom ising athletes to the combat martial arts which mostly emphasize striking techniques.

16

Sport sparring concept in taekwon-do - The Christmas tree diagram

80%

Wąsik J. , Pieter W.

Physical Activity Review

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2013

|

tom 1

32-37

EN

Combat is a complicated and complex phenomenon. In this process we take actions of different degree of effectiveness. Assessment of these behaviours and understanding the underlying mechanisms are the basis for a sport program created to increase the fighter’s competitive level. Competent trainers know that there are five elements that influence a result of a sport fight: being familiar with the rules of the sport fight, strategy, stance, dodging and blocking and applying techniques while you are in motion. Many inquisitive trainers wonder: why a competitor with a great technique, could not apply it during a tournament? Why a competitor who usually does excellent during exercises cannot repeat the same things during the competition? Why the competitor’s results change (during one tournament victories are achieved and medals are granted while on other occasions he or she loses even to a weaker opponent) ? Supreme trainer is usually a good teacher and observer. Coach pays attention to learners’ mistakes, and tries to correct them. The concept of free sparing enables to break down the process of scoring points. When analyzing a fight it helps to notice, which of the preparation components are insufficient and what else needs to be improved. This is a great tool for a competent trainer, which helps to understand the real, often hidden cause of failure. Appropriate preparation for the fight has many interrelated aspects. But understanding the core of the problem is a first step to find a recipe for victory. We need to remember that record achievements and spectacular victories result from hard and wise work of the trainer and the competitor.

17

Differences in Force-Velocity Characteristics of Upper and Lower Limbs of Male Kickboxers

80%

Nikolaïdis P. , Fragkiadiakis G. , Papadopoulos V. , Karydis N.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2011

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tom 3

|

nr 3

147-153

EN

Background: Despite the increasing popularity of kickboxing, few studies have been conducted with regard to the physiology or the biomechanics of this sport. The aim of the present study is to examine the ratios of mechanical characteristics between upper and lower limbs of male kickboxers.Material/Methods: Fourteen male Caucasians, all members of recreational sport clubs, aged 21.77 (5.19) yr [mean (standard deviation)], body height 1.78 (0.067) m, body mass 75.4 (8.9) kg, body fat 14 (5) % and somatotype 3.5-4.9-2.3, performed the Force-velocity (F-v) test for both upper and lower extremities. The F-v test included five supramaximal pedal sprints, each lasting 7 sec, against incremental braking force (20-60 N for upper limbs and 30-70 N for lower limbs), on modified arm-cranking and on a cycle ergometer (Ergomedics 874, Monark, Sweden).Results: Maximal anaerobic power, Pmax, of upper limbs was associated with Pmax of lower limbs (r = 0.81, P < 0.001) and their ratio was 0.464 (0.079). The respective values of correlation coefficients of the theoretical maximal force, F0, were r = 0.63 (P < 0.05) and 0.57 (0.133), and of velocity, v0, r = 0.44 (P = 0.12) and 0.829 (0.095).Conclusions: In spite of moderate correlations between upper and lower limbs' F0 and v0, a stronger relationship was found with regard to Pmax. Separate upper and lower extremities' power output measures would be useful in evaluating training programs and in understanding the importance of power output for kickboxing performance.

18

Behavioural and motivational factors of individual’s behaviour in emergency situations

80%

Piwowarski J.

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

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2016

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tom R. X cz. III

195--211

EN

In the presented research project we observed the influence of physical culture1 on the level of security culture2, on personality, behavioural and axiological determinants of individual’s functioning in the context of physical activity under threatening conditions. We focused on testing of a group of people who were trained to act in the roles closely professionally related to security, including to hand-to-hand combat. It was assumed that their personality will develop in the direction of specific characteristics associated with security culture and display these characteristics. Considering this issue we took a securitological perspective3 focusing in particular on the first (of three: mental, organizational and material) dimension of security culture. In the research we referred the issue of personality and normative modifications of behaviour4. We also touched on the subject of interpretation of people’s behaviour in the axiological categories which are essential for the full image of martial arts.

19

Silat Tempur: An Overview of the Children’s Combat Sports

80%

Shapie M. N. M. , Tumijan W. , Kusrin J. , Elias M. S. , Abdullah N. M.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

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2019

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tom 19

|

nr 1S

55-61

EN

Aim. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the children’s combat sports known as silat Tempur, since it was introduced in 2013. This combative sport focused on children, particularly beginners aged 7 to 13. The main purpose of this sport is to improve combative techniques among young silat exponents in competition. The silat tempur arena is similar to a fencing platform which aims to relax the exponents when performing silat techniques in competition. The most frequent techniques used in this sport are punches, kicks, catches, blocks and topple down. Nine national silat tempur competition had been organized and each silat exponents will gain points from each match they compete in. The overall winner with the highest points is announced once the series has concluded. silat coaches play an important role in educating their athletes in term of both training and in competition rules and regulation.

20

After the fourth Congress in Rzeszow ‘2018

70%

Cynarski W. J. , Pawelec P.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

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2019

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tom 19

|

nr 1S

1-2

EN

This is a short editorial introduction to the first special issue of the Journal. The authors explain what the scientific event was. In the context of organisational tradition this special issue is similar to the full text of a proceedings book. This text contains short information about all works that make up this issue – 1S.