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EN
The complexity of decision problems – faced by managers – eludes simple analyses, the most important managerial choices relate to situations which are variable, capricious and related to the unpredictable future. Such difficult conditions stimulate intuitive thinking. As it is defined, intuition is absolute recognition that allows us to see the problem as it is. Decision-makers use intuition not only to experience illumination, but more often to search for key information or to base their judgment on information creatively processed beyond consciousness. Each time, however, the difficulty of decision making process may encourage managers to overcome the fragility of human nature using some form of intuitive feelings.
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Książka jest próbą zbadania tego, co psychologia ma do powiedzenia na temat intuicji, zebrania przeróżnych odkryć i zastosowania ich w życiu codziennym.
EN
The book is an attempt to investigate what psychology has to say on the subject of intuition, gathering various discoveries and applying them in everyday life.
EN
The aim of this paper is to present ways to improve intuitive potential of contemporary decision-maker. The paper consists of four main parts. First the author reviews selected definitions of intuition in order to clarify what intuition is. Then the intuition is presented as an opposite category to rational analysis. The final section presents a variety of techniques and tools for improving the intuitive potential of the manager.
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Content available Rola intuicji w organizacji
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EN
Intuition may be defined as understanding or knowing something without conscious recourse to thought, observation or reason. Some see this unmediated process as somehow mystical while others describe intuition as being a response to unconscious cues or implicitly apprehended prior learning. It is one of the untapped and less acknowledged human resource. Most people do not know about their inner capability and do not use it. However, a lot of research proves that this capability can be used in an organization with very good effects.
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Content available Doskonalenie procesów decyzyjnych w organizacji
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EN
Scientific field of decision making process is extremely popular. Policymakers are increasingly aware of the potential mistakes associated with the process of decision making. Empirical studies show that despite huge knowledge of decision making process its quality has not improved significantly, both for the individual and the organization as a whole. Mistakes made by managers arise mainly from two sources: the treatment of decision as a domain of top managers and the lack of systematic monitoring and analysis of decision making process in the organization. The main objective of this paper is to identify and critically analyze methods (tools, guidelines and approaches) of improving decision making process.
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Content available Sentido e Limites da Matemática em Kant
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EN
A central problem for Kant’s mathematical philosophy was why the knowledge so obtained can be applied to all experience a priori and with certainty. There is an important aspect of Kant’s answer to that question that I hardly touched on, namely the argument in the Analytic for the claim that mathematics necessarily applies to the objects of empirical intuition.
EN
The paper is devoted to phenomenological ideas in conceptions of modern philosophy of mathematics. Views of Husserl, Weyl, Becker and Gödel will be discussed and analysed. The aim of the paper is to show the influence of phenomenological ideas on the philosophical conceptions concerning mathematics. We shall start by indicating the attachment of Edmund Husserl to mathematics and by presenting the main points of his philosophy of mathematics. Next, works of two philosophers who attempted to apply Husserl’s phenomenological ideas to the philosophy of mathematics, namely Hermann Weyl and Oskar Becker, will be briefly discussed. Lastly, the connections between Husserl’s ideas and the philosophy of mathematics of Kurt Gödel will be studied.
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Content available The concept of intuition in experimental philosophy
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EN
Although the concept of intuition has a central place in experimental philosophy, it is still far from being clear. Moreover, critics of that movement often argue that the concept of intuition in experimental philosophy does not correspond to the concept of intuition used in traditional, armchair philosophy. However, such a claim is problematic, because most attempts to define this concept are made with regard to the armchair philosophy’s point of view and not that of experimental philosophy. In the article I analyse the concept of intuition in experimental philosophy by taking into account its theoretical assumptions, and the research practice of its representatives. By analysing the most influential experimental philosophers’ views, I formulate its core characteristics. According to them, intuition is a mental state that is a reaction to the described case, which is revealed in the readiness to express a judgment about this case. Then, I investigate step by step the frequently postulated methodological, phenomenological, and etiological conditions that could narrow down the initial definition. I show that the only condition coherent with experimental philosophy’s assumptions and its practice is an etiological one, as the mental state that could be classified as intuition has to be shaped by pragmatic, and not only semantic factors. In the last parts of the text, I draw out some of the consequences of the position that I have presented, regarding the methodology of experimental philosophy and philosophy in general.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono poglądy na temat znaczenia intuicji i jej definicje. Zaprezentowano rolę intuicji w procesie podejmowania decyzji.
EN
In the article views on the importance of intuition and its definitions were presented. The role of intuition in decision making process was explained.
PL
The article is an attempt to extract the sense used by Heidegger to refer to the “phenomenological interpretation of the Critique of Pure Reason”. It is shown that Heidegger’s method of interpretation means primarily being guided by the “things themselves”, and thus it assumes going beyond the text. For this reason, it must take on the character of a “dispute”. Then, a general overview of Heidegger’s interpretation of the Critique is presented. The central part of the article discusses how this phenomenological method of interpretation “works” in concreto on the example of transcendental aesthetics, in particular with regard to the phenomena and things themselves and pure intuitions.
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Content available Hidden Context Influence on Pattern Recognition
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EN
The influence of hidden additional information concerning the circumstances of input data acquisition on the quality of decisions based on the data is considered. An analogue to the intuition influencing natural decision making is indicated. The problem of contextual information in decision making based on Bayes rule, on reference data sets in various applications as well as of scene analysis by numerous examples is illustrated.
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Content available remote Neskorý Wittgenstein a problém vonkajšieho sveta
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The aim of this article is to determine how useful to us are the notes from the late work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, On Certainty, in dealing with one of the modern sceptical problems. By determining the usefulness I have in mind whether or not his thoughts and descriptions of everyday linguistic practice help solve the sceptical problem and, if so, in what way. The sceptical problem in question is the Cartesian argument about the external world – the argument of ignorance. We will endeavour to show that if we accept Wittgenstein’s remarks as adequate descriptions of epistemic practice, they will help to make it possible to block the argument in question. However, there arise questions of whether Wittgenstein’s descriptions of epistemic practice are adequate, on the one hand, and whether the sceptical claims about the external world really spring from this practice, on the other hand. I hold the view that these questions are basically empirical. This has the relatively unusual consequence that the worth of Wittgenstein’s thoughts, as well as the cogency of the problem of the external world, cannot be judged in a purely philosophical way.
EN
The purpose of the article is to investigate the philosophical and theological validity and coherence of the classical concept of a miracle within the contemporary scientific world view. The main tool in this process will be the cognitive standard model of the formation of religious beliefs operative in the cognitive science of religion. The application of this model shows why an intentional agent is assigned as responsible for the occurrence of events with no visible cause such as a miracle: miracles are events that violate the intuitively expected behaviors observable in the physical reality. It will become evident that much of the conceptual content of the classical understanding of miracles can be retained despite of the ontological and epistemological challenges of the contemporary science. In particular, this concerns the semantic view of miracles in which a miracle does not occur as an objective Divine intervention but qualifies as religious interpretation of the natural course of events always in reference to a cultural and personal context that is unique to those who directly experience these events either as direct recipients or as observers.
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The article presents the possible role of consciousness in quantum-mechanical description of physical reality. The widely spread interpretations of quantum phenomena are considered as indicating the apparent connection between conscious processes (such as observation) and the properties of the microcosm. The reasons for discrepancies between the results of observations of the microcosm and macrocosm and the potential association of consciousness with these reasons are closely investigated. The mentioned connection is meant to be interpreted in the sense that the probable requirement for a complete understanding of quantum theory is the adequate description of consciousness within it and that the correct theory of consciousness should include quantum-mechanical theoretical apparatus. In this context, the question about the methods of scientific cognition is discussed, in particular, the problem of the place and the importance of intellectual intuition in science and philosophy of science. The author draws the conclusions about the current state of the “measuring” consciousness. problem in its relationship with
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Ingarden began his university studies in Lvov, under Twardowski, the founder of the Lvov-Warsaw School (LWS, for brevity). However, he moved on to Göttingen after one semester. In Germany he studied with Husserl between 1912 and 1918, and obtained his PhD in Freiburg. He then returned to Poland in 1919, obtained his habilitation in Lvov in 1924, and became a full professor in 1933 at Lvov’s Jan Kazimierz University. Ingarden always remained a faithful phenomenologist, although he did not accept the transcendental phenomenology of late Husserl. One can say that Ingarden worked in an environment dominated by LWS in the years 1924–1939. Clearly, Ingarden’s philosophy was radically opposed to that represented by Twardowski and his students: there was really no possibility of compromise between the two styles of doing philosophy. Both sides of the debate, Ingarden as well as members of LWS, often underlined this fact. Yet there are many passages in Ingarden which can be understood as either direct or indirect critiques of LWS, particularly on the subject of logic and its role in philosophy. Similarly, some fragments of the writings of LWS might be interpreted as critical allusions to Ingarden, for instance, concerning a priori or intuition as devices for the cognition of essences. We could speculate that Ingarden’s realism was partially inspired by the realistic attitude of LWS. However, the personal relations between Ingarden and LWS were rather cold, at least before 1939. He accused some members of LWS of blocking his academic carrier. The situation changed after 1945 – their relations improved as they all fought against the dominance of Marxism, and also thanks to the natural solidarity between Lvovians.
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The aim of this study is to explain the role of rational and intuitive cognition in the theory and practice of management. The article presents a synthetic review of definitions and ways of interpreting the concept of intuition. Subsequently, a conceptual apparatus for rational judgments, intuitive judgments, and intuition as a special type of skills is proposed. On the basis of the four-stage model of the creative process and the model of System 1 and System 2, the role of intuition in the work of management theoretician is explained. Using the four-stage model of competence, the role of intuition in the process of making managerial decisions is explained. The study shows that intuition is a key skill in the theory and practice of management.
PL
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest wyjaśnienie roli poznania rozumowego i intuicyjnego w teorii i praktyce zarządzania. W artykule przedstawiono syntetyczny przegląd definicji i sposobu interpretowania pojęcia intuicji. Następnie zaproponowano aparat pojęciowy dotyczący sądów rozumowych, sądów intuicyjnych oraz intuicji jako szczególnego typu umiejętności. W oparciu o czterofazowy model pracy twórczej oraz modele systemu 1 oraz systemu 2 wyjaśniono rolę intuicji w pracy teoretyka zarządzania. Posługując się czterofazowym modelem kompetencji, wyjaśniono rolę intuicji w procesie podejmowania decyzji kierowniczych. W opracowaniu wykazano, że intuicja stanowi kluczową umiejętność zarówno w teorii, jak i w praktyce zarządzania.
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Content available remote Doskonalenie intuicji w procesie podejmowania decyzji
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The article is the continuation of the article published in no 4 (37) issue of Zeszyty Naukowe AON entitled „Intuition and Extrasensory Recognition in Decision Making Process”, where the author tried to explain the idea of intuition and presented both Polish and foreign scholars’ views. Assuming that intuition is the product of experience and training, he worked out, taking into account the addressee, i.e. academic environment, this article using American research. In the first chapter called „Check Your Intuition Abilities” the author suggests measuring the level of intuition abilities, checking how they are used at work and preferences in decision taking. The next chapter entitled „ Decisions when Intuition Appeared Most Useful” shows that in general decision makers did not have problems to recognise decision situations, they referred to their intuition abilities in high risk conditions and necessity to take complex, strategic decisions. The chapter „Using Intuition in Decision Making Process” states that decision makers undoubtedly recognise that they are aware of having intuition and using it while taking the most important decisions. The last two chapters deal with techniques used to stimulate intuition and techniques strengthening intuition abilities while making decisions. The main theses of the article: intuition is one of the most important abilities, as well as analytical ones, used in decision making process and thus increasing the effectiveness of any activity; at universities and academies, military ones in particular, research programmes should be implemented to allow in an objective and balanced way to evaluate and improve the processes of intuitive decision making; intuitive abilities should be integrated with traditional (analytical) decision making procedures used nowadays.
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Content available THE ISSUE OF INTELLECTUAL INTUITION IN METAPHYSICS
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The article presents problems of intellectual intuition in metaphysics from a semiotic point of view. There are various types of intuition in philosophy: rational intuition, irrational intuition, and sensual intuition. All of them are immediate ways of cognition. Classical metaphysics uses intellectual intuition as its main method to find out and justify its statements. The main problem of intellectual intuition is an intersubjective approach to the object of metaphysics. The main aim of this paper is the objectivization and rationalization of intellectual intuition in language. The semantic notion of meaning and the pragmatic notion of understanding are the fundamental tools which are used to translate the issue of intuition from the subject-ma$er level into the language level. This operation allows to look at intuition in a non-psychological manner. It enables the objectivization of the method of intellectual intuition in the light of the understanding of meanings.
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Content available Mózg i Sztuka: zmarszczka (cyber)przestrzeni
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EN
In my text I refer to contemporary art practices, including my own artistic investigations and intuitions; questioning creative powers of the human brain-mind system in the world increasingly dependent on and transformed by Big Data. Currently, with the global revolution of knowledge, driven by scientific and technological progress, creativity and innovation acquire special economic and social values. Research on biochemical processes accompanying creative behaviour stimulates the synergy between artistic, scientific and engineering communities. The acquired knowledge is used in medicine, biotechnology and various types of therapies as well as in deep learning methods. Increasing the efficiency of artificial intelligence systems that quickly take control over all areas of our lives. Will the nascent Internet--of-all-Things transform itself into the Internet-of-all Minds? As an artist, I pose myself a question, which artistic practices may emerge from the marriage of biological and digital algorithms? The future has many scenarios and shades…
PL
In my text I refer to contemporary art practices, including my own artistic investigations and intuitions; questioning creative powers of the human brain-mind system in the world increasingly dependent on and transformed by Big Data. Currently, with the global revolution of knowledge, driven by scientific and technological progress, creativity and innovation acquire special economic and social values. Research on biochemical processes accompanying creative behaviour stimulates the synergy between artistic, scientific and engineering communities. The acquired knowledge is used in medicine, biotechnology and various types of therapies as well as in deep learning methods. Increasing the efficiency of artificial intelligence systems that quickly take control over all areas of our lives. Will the nascent Internet-of-all-Things transform itself into the Internet-of-all Minds? As an artist, I pose myself a question, which artistic practices may emerge from the marriage of biological and digital algorithms? The future has many scenarios and shades…
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