Every enterprise could lead economic activity and has to possess suitable material base, which makes up first of all the productive potential, consisting mainly with centers of production, and so the centers of work (the buildings, machine and the device) and the objects of work (the materials). It is individual subject gradual waste of that is amortization property. Amortization is reflection in track of peeled period of exploitation their waste, but simultaneously making up cost has influence on formation the financial result of the enterprise.
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The article describes the method of an individual efficiency measurement system in a real enterprise of designing, as a case study. Thanks to this method prepared and dedicated for this specific company environment it was possible to discover and indicate all week points in its functioning and organization. Also the deployed system al-lowed for a consequent and detailed analyze of the efficiency that gave opportunity of a better control of production processes and a possibility to take required corrective actions in a real time. The system has led to an overall increase of efficiency and productivity.
The article is to formalize the method of transforming business performance of business entities for information and analysis of economic system security.
Entrepreneurs are main beneficiaries of the funds from European Union. The process of financial support from EU for entrepreneurs conducting business activities in Poland is an important issue, which should be taken up by entrepreneurs, government and other offices and institutions, which participate in the process of absorption of the financial support. Introduction of the possibilities of financing and realization of the investment originating from various EU programs in new the 2007-2013 programming perspective, understanding of the stages of preparation of the project and application form, knowledge about financing principles of the investments from granted support are essential. Co-financing of project realized from EU financial resources is connected with a lot of advantages. First of all, the donations present an additional source of financial support for enterprises which allow to accomplish the investment bear considerably with lower costs than by using other sources (for example credit). Secondly, the donation allows accomplishing the investment faster, to create new additional job positions and utilize modern technology, which company couldn't afford to by using its own funds. Moreover, the resources from various European Funds have a favorable effect (impact) on enterprise development and on improvement its competitiveness in the market. The company and all technologies, which could be implemented, can become more innovative. If the firm has an access to such sources of financing, it would have an opportunity for considerably faster development in comparison with other forms of financing its activity. Thirdly, the range of support for enterprises is very wide. Company can request for funding of project from various areas, from purchasing fixed assets and buying land or from purchasing intangible assets to take advantage of an advisory service.
The study presents definitions of the human capital and methods of both the tools of the measurement and the evaluation of the human capital. Next we present the arguments for taking away the human capital as an active member of the enterprise, as well as an example of the human capital evaluation by the model employee which constitutes the ground for showing the income of this active member of the enterprise's financial aspect.
The paper studies the methodological foundations of modeling business processes as part of their economic activity in reengineering. Noted features of modern economic systems that determine certain characteristics of business process management, including their reengineering. Proved problematic in the implementation of business process modeling with their further reengineering. The directions of the theory of self-organization of complex systems. Defined methodological principles of construction of systems modeling business processes during their reengineering. The stages of the business process modeling, which redesigns. Studied reengineering financial performance of industrial enterprises in the current economic conditions using simulation. The application of models of Baumol and Miller-Orr during business process modeling in their reengineering. Formed corresponding conclusions on research within the scope of this article.
Maintaining a high level of R&D and efficient innovation can enable enterprises to survive and win a better position in the international market. Both these fields require considerable amounts of money, which, unfortunately, is not one of Poland’s strengths, neither in terms of government spending nor enterprises’ own resources. It is also essential to change the mentality entrepreneurs and encourage them to apply for both national and EU funding. Stimulation of R&D and innovation can become a basis for improving the competitiveness of the companies in the domestic and international market. This article discusses the main characteristics of research and development activity, its main determinants and the importance of marketing and knowledge in R&D.
In this study published in two parts (see Part I : ibid. Vol. 51. No. 7/8, 608-624.) the authors propose a clarification of the notion of soft budget constraint, which is widely used in analysis of socialist, transitional and market economies alike. The interpretation in the study is broad enough to embrace most existing approaches to soft budget constraint phenomena and provides a classification of the causes and consequences of these. In the light of this, the study goes on to review the theoretical literature on the subject and compare it with work on other dynamic commitment problems in economics.
The sector of small and medium-sized businesses comprises- in terms of quantity- is the dominant group of traders, although it faces a number of significant development barriers, among which we should indicate such environmental barriers as market barriers, management problems, and capital constraints. It is important to emphasize that the problems of lack of access to external financing sources are one of the key problems restraining the process of formation and development of business in practically all countries of the world, including Poland. People who start running their own business every day encounter the problem of the capital gap, also called the Macmillan gap, a gap between the demand for capital and its supply in the economy. According to the research, 87% of Polish SMEs have used their own resources first to finance investments. Luckily, the European Union helps beginner businessmen, and also a network of business angels, who fill the capital gap by their activities. Benefits of cooperation between the company and the angel are definitely mutual.
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In recent years there can be observed a constant development of the Internet industry, in which outsourcing is gaining significance. The enterprises in this branch are very diversified. On the one hand there exist many single owner-operator microenterprises on the market whereas on the other hand there are also huge international corporations. Both of the types need a support in different areas of their activity. The aim of this paper is the presentation of outsourcing's advantages and disadvantages, as well as the possibilities of its application, exemplified by the case of the Internet industry.
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The paper describes empirical studies devoted to an attempt at formulating a new model of future enterprise. Also, achieving what is called by G. Hamel 'Management 2.0' or, in other words, 'second generation management' was presented.
In article the methodical approach to definition of industrial potential of joint-stock companies directed on carrying out of an estimation of degree of satisfaction of shareholders by enterprise work is offered. The given approach will allow to protect the rights minority stockholder, to interest them in effective functioning of the enterprise and increase of level of industrial potential.
The article deals with the assessment of enterprise life cycle based on the annual turnover as the parameter of size, growth and success. Its aim is to propose a general lifecycle model using fractal analogy, to describe three pivotal lifecycle phases and to verify the model in selected companies with the use of test hypotheses and correlations. The research was conducted by means of structured interviews on the sample of 677 randomly selected Czech and Slovak enterprises of various types and sizes located mostly in Moravia Silesia region in Czech Republic and partly also in Slovak Republic. The obtained results show that older enterprises tend to be larger and tend to exhibit a greater average annual turnover than younger businesses, the younger and smaller enterprises have stronger tendency to grow and there are general age maxima (stability thresholds) for most size groups of enterprises within the specified reported period.
Development of entrepreneurship has many benefits, both in purely economic as well as social terms. Entrepreneurship is often understood as a specific driving force in creating new jobs, conditions for competition and economic growth. The success of micro, small and medium enterprise in large measure depends on its owners. Entrepreneurs should certainly have a large dose of creativity and self-determination in order to solve difficult and complicated situations and be open to the phenomenon of competitiveness, which is confirmed by a survey conducted by the European Commission at the turn of 2009/2010. The study carefully analyzed the image of modern businessmen, who on the one hand take the form of creators of new jobs and on the other hand are perceived by society of EU 27 as exploiters, oriented only to their own financial benefit. Despite the declining reputation of the business group, the number of adventurers who are starting their own business is increasing from year to year. Europe needs new businessmen, and the European Commission is looking for newer solutions due to which potential businessmen will be encouraged and motivated to start their own business. A businessman is a man, after all.
The article contains Information about an ad hoc innovation-focused survey of 12 leading enterprises, research and technological organizations, firms located in the city of Kharkiv (regional center, large industrial center in the Eastern Ukraine), conducted by specialists of economics and marketing department of the National Technical University 'Kharkiv Politechnic Institute'. Questions included in interview are divided into two groups: innovation-specific factors depending on enterprises; innovation-specific externalities, including administrative (regulatory) influences on innovation and investment activities. The first group of questions deals with innovation activity in respondents' enterprises, location of innovations generators (internal or external), technology (intellectual property) transfer. Regarding the first group of questions, the surveyed sample performance seems to be acceptable as a whole, although more than 40% of respondents have low or too low innovation performance. The second group of questions aims to find out respondents' opinion on what the innovation performance depend (state power, business partners, personnel); respondents' needs and expectations with respect to administrative support and its forms, and to private investment and its forms; respondents' visions of the strongest policy-specific pressures on innovation (such as taxation system, failure to secure invested funds). Basically, innovation performance in surveyed organizations can be referred to as rather satisfactory, in spite of the lack of administrative support as reported by the overwhelming majority (75%) of respondents.
The article deals with the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), the system that reacted to the criticized explanatory ability of the value criteria for measuring the performance of an enterprise. The change, which was brought by this concept, was the extension and linking of performance measurements of purely financial indicators to indicators from other perspectives of enterprise's activity. Besides theoretical review of BSC, its characteristics, evolution, reasons for and benefits of the application, the author presents the results of the first exhaustive survey in Slovak firms implementing BSC and their clients – companies with deployed BSC systems. She concludes with the comparison of her findings and the research results of renowned American Balanced Scorecard Institute.
Considered questions of analysis of organizational measures of enterprises reengineering business processes realization in the article. Methods of risk management during realization of reengineering on enterprises are offered.
This article describes how a comprehensive assessment of alternative programs reengineering of business-processes of industrial enterprises by economic risk, which helps to choose the best program reengineering of business-processes in view of the minimal impact of the economic risk to carry out the redesign of business processes by type of risk, namely financial, manufacturing, marketing. The author of the proposed criteria for a comprehensive evaluation of alternative programs reengineering of business-processes that include performance evaluation of internal and external business-processes, depending on the exposure to the types of economic risk in the process of a radical redesign of business processes. This comprehensive assessment of alternative programs, reengineering business-processes carried out on the basis of the industrial enterprises of JSC PEC “Sumygazmash”. Our calculation of a comprehensive assessment of three alternative programs using the distances selected first program by a minimum value of a comprehensive assessment.
The paper discusses the effectiveness of a knowledge management system which is the result of the efficient transfer of knowledge in the market environment, in this case between scientific institutions and other institutions and enterprises in the region. Careful analysis of the literature, past experience and results of studies carried out under the “Know-how — effective communication in the regional transfer of knowledge”, provided for the formulation and above all an understanding of the expectations of “recipients” of knowledge as to the object implementation and management process and knowledge transfer.
There are substantiated the urgency and benefits of multi-rate tariffs’ use as an important component of the management of electricity demand. There are investigated the features of the construction of multi-rate tariff systems in Ukraine. Based on the analysis of daily electrical load schedules for typical domestic enterprises there are formed recommendations on the application of various types of tariffs depending on the basic characteristics of electricity consumption of business entities. There is proved that under the current system of multi-zone tariffs in Ukraine uniform tariffs are the most appropriate for non-production enterprises with single-shift working. Two-zone tariffs are effective for businesses that operate at night and spend during the light day no more than 10% of the electricity consumed. Three-zone tariff should be used for multi-shift production enterprises, the electricity consumption of which during peak periods do not exceed 25% of the total energy consumed per day and their consuming electricity at night more than during the peak period. There is proposed the algorithm for preliminary determination of the most effective system of electricity tariffs for businesses.
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