Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Hledání Jana Patočky

100%

Kohák E.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 6

909-918

EN

Starting from studies included in Jan Patočka and the Heritage of Phenomenology, the author unfolds the thesis that Patočka was fundamentally a thinker in the tradition of the Enlightenment and of the Czech humanist revival. According to the author, Patočka sets out from Husserl’s phenomenology (in the spirit of Austrian positivism), deals with Heidegger’s objections (in the spirit of German idealism), and forges his own synthesis (in the spirit of French phenomenological vitalism). The author considers Patočka’s nihilistic phase, between the heartbreak of the Soviet occupation and the hope of Charta 77, as an extreme attempt to keep faith with the hopes of the Enlightenment in an age that offered no hope.

2

New elements of phenomenology of forced labour in Poland – recent cases

100%

Wieczorek Ł.

Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Kryminologicznego im. prof. Stanisława Batawii

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2012/2013

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nr 20

86-88

3

Husserlova fenomenologie z realistického hlediska

100%

Novotný K.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 1

31-52

EN

The aim of the article is to attempt to present Husserl’s phenomenology as it is understood in the books of Ivan Blecha, especially in Proměny fenomenologie (Transformations of Phenomenology). Husserl’s phenomenology is, in these books, described from a standpoint which treats it as a philosophy enabling a certain kind of realism. Blecha’s position is thus characterised as a transformation of Husserl’s phenomenology, stressing a certain realist perspective. A critical analysis of several moments in this conception is completed first by an excursion into the work of one of the first interpreters of the “other”, non-classical, Husserl, that of Ludwig Landgrebe, and then by an excursion into the work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, which is no longer a mere interpretation of Husserl, but a step beyond in the direction of a specific understanding of phenomenology. The author of the article finds a similar tendency in the work of Ivan Blecha.

4

Świat pod lupą fenomenologa

100%

Psica S.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2017

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nr 63

241-248

EN

Book review of: Aleksandra K. Przegalińska, Istoty wirtualne. Jak fenomenologia zmieniła sztuczną inteligencję, Wydawnictwo Universitas, Kraków 2016, ss. 268.

PL

Recenzja książki: Aleksandra K. Przegalińska, Istoty wirtualne. Jak fenomenologia zmieniła sztuczną inteligencję, Wydawnictwo Universitas, Kraków 2016, ss. 268.

5

Tělo druhého (zvířete) ve fenomenologii intersubjektivity

100%

Urban P.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 1

31-46

EN

The problem of intersubjectivity has, in modern philosophy, been traditionally bound up with the so-called problem of other (human) minds. This present study attempts to show that phenomenological approaches to the problem of intersubjectivity overcome the traditional intellectualist and mentalistic conceptions of intersubjectivity, and further that in some of their many varieties, they provide a promising way of overcoming the anthropocentric framework of this problem. Posing the question of the sense and character of animal-bodily co-existence leads to a phenomenology that transcends the concept of intersubjectivity in favour of the concept of interanimality. It also leads to the discovery of the phenomenon of bodily co-existence which shows itself to be fundamental for, among other things, the clarification of intersubjectivity in the narrow sense of experience with an inner aspect of the life of others.

6

Teacher-student Relationships: The Meaning of Teachers' Experience Working with Underachieving Students

80%

Oreshkina M. , Greenberg K.

Journal of Pedagogy

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2010

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tom 1

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nr 2

52-66

EN

This paper is based on phenomenological interviews with teachers who worked with underachieving students in South Africa, Russia, and the United States. It focuses on the analysis of meanings that teachers constructed while describing their relationship with underachieving students and how metaphors worked to construct such meanings. The researchers also used Buber's "I-Thou" concept as an interpretive lens to further understand the meanings of teacher-student relationships. The study concludes that the teacher-student relationship is one of the fundamental themes of the teaching experience and is common for teachers from different countries.

7

Disabled People in Play.Toward an Existential and Differential Phenomenology of Moving with Dis-Ease

80%

Eichberg H.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2015

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tom 65

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nr 1

14-23

EN

Disability has become an increasingly important field of investment for modern welfare policy-visible in architecture for wheelchair users as well as in budgets for health care. This documents a gain in solidarity, but it implies also some challenges of practical and philosophical character. Play and games (of, for, and with disabled people) make these challenges bodily. These challenges will here be explored in three steps. In the first step, we discover the paradoxes of equality and categorization, normalization and deviance in the understanding of disability. Ableism, a negative view on disability, is just around the corner. The Paralympic sports for disabled people make this visible. However, play with disabled people shows alternative ways. And it calls to our attention how little we know, so far, about how disabled people play. The second step leads to an existential phenomenology of disablement. Sport and play make visible to what degree the building of “handicap” is a cultural achievement. All human beings are born disabled and finally die disabled-and inbetween they create hindrances to make life dis-eased. Dis-ease is a human condition. However, and this is an important third step, disablement and dis-eased life are not just one, but highly differentiated. These differences are relevant for political practice and have to be recognized. Attention to differences opens up a differential phenomenology of disablement and of disabled people in play-as a basis for politics of recognition.

8

Dvojí (vlastně trojí) směr obratu k tělesnosti

80%

Thein K.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 1

9-30

EN

The article offers a systematic interpretation of the turn to embodiment in continental philosophy based on the distinction of two different lines of thought: the phenomenological and the ontological. The first of these, which involves the shift of the intensional structures of consciousness into embodied existence, is connected with a tendency to the spiritualisation of the body. The second line returns to the theme of bodily substance as the element of thinking which is endowed with its own causal activity: this line rejects any analogy between embodiment and transcendental subjectivity. In considering the first line, the article works with Husserlian motifs, including the adoption of an Aristotelian analogy of sense perception and the rational faculties, and it traces the development of these motifs up to the attempt at an erotic reduction in the work of J.-L. Marion. In considering the second line attention is given to the link between Deleuze’s conception of the body and Stoic ontology, and to Deleuze’s radicalisation of Spinoza’s conception of the structure of the body as a scheme that is co-extensive with the ideas of the human mind. The article also tackles the question of the connection between cogitative and bodily happening in Merleau-Ponty, in whose work we find elements of both the lines that we have described.

9

O idealizácii v exaktných vedách

80%

Kvasz L.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 4

483-503

EN

The philosophical analysis of the process of idealisation has developed in two independent directions. In the framework of analytical philosophy of science, idealisation is understood as a simplification or deformation of the description of a certain appearance or natural law. In the framework of the phenomenological tradition idealisation is understood as the quantification of a certain phenomenon of the life-world. The aim of this paper is to give an exposition of these two conceptions of idealisation and to attempt to clarify their mutual relation. In conclusion I sketch a third conception of idealisation which has not received attention in the literature.

SK

Filozofická analýza procesu idealizácie je rozvíjaná v dvoch nezávislých smeroch. V rámci analytickej filozofie vedy je idealizácia chápaná ako zjednodušenie či deformácia opisu určitého javu či prírodného zákona. V rámci fenomenologickej tradície je idealizácia chápaná ako kvantifikácia určitého fenoménu žitého sveta. Cieľom predkladanej state je obe tieto pojatia idealizácie stručne predstaviť a pokúsiť sa objasniť ich vzájomný vzťah. V závere state je načrtnuté tretie pojatie idealizácie, ktorému zatiaľ v literatúre nebola venovaná pozornosť.

10

Towards a Poor Phenomenology. On Certain Structural Similarities between Phenomenology and J. Grotowski’s Philosophy of Theater

80%

Sobota D.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2020

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tom 49

89-117

EN

In his phenomenological manifesto (1911), Edmund Husserl presents the famous motto, which should be realized by the new philosophy: “Weg mit den hohlen Wortanalysen. Die Sachen selbst wir müssen befragen. (...) Ganz trefflich! Aber was sind denn die Sachen (...)?“ Consequently, the history of phenomenology is presented as the sum of the efforts to reach the deeper level and more fundamental areas of the original "Sachen". Husserl’s discovery of the domain of pure consciousness was only the beginning of a long way leading to more original areas, such as life, existence, body, intersubjectivity, historicity, humanity etc. With this journey towards deeper fields of sense-constitution, the meaning of the phenomenological method was changed. Phenomenology cannot be a simple work of lonely soul looking for self-transparency in the field of its own consciousness, but it must be a kind of action, a deed, an existential transformation, and an increase of experience. Recently, e.g. Natalie Depraz presented a similar view. In my paper I would like to explore the possibility of a new perspective on phenomenology, which gives the philosophy and theatrical practice of Polish theater reformer Jerzy Grotowski (1933-1999). Although he was neither phenomenologist, nor a philosopher, in his notes on the human performance, collected and entitled Thoward a Poor Theater, he opens, as it seems, new possibilities of phenomenological practice.

11

Sen, tělo a duch : Topologie zkušenosti

80%

Koubová A.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 1

35-48

EN

“What is experience?” asks phenomenology, so as to uncover the essential structure of experiencing, and founding experience, from which true and philosophically defensible thinking may be derived. “What is dream?” asks Maurice Merleau-Ponty in The Visible and the Invisible so that he may complicate the first question of phenomenology and sketch an absolutely non-trivial topology of the experiential field. A partial description of this topology will be the theoretical starting point of my reflection. From this point of departure I will embark on a phenomenological analysis of the concrete experience of dreaming and of falling asleep. On the basis of this analysis I will then follow the implications – backwards so to speak – to the consequences for the nature of Merleau-Ponty’s topology of experience. At the same time I would like to show how the phenomenon of dreaming and the imaginary has a central place in the description of the structure of experience, because without it we cannot give a description of the chiasm of the soul (consciousness) nor of the perceiving and the perceived body. I present dreaming as a phenomenon that unfolds at the blind spot of the waking self-concious consciousness and embodiment, and thus also as a specific basis (Stiftung) of Being, which is the concern of Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology.

12

See, Seeing, Seen, Saw: A Phenomenology of Ultra-Violent Cinema

80%

Downes S.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies

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2014

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tom 8

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nr 1

129-148

EN

Vivian Sobchack claims in Carnal Thoughts that human bodies are continually remade by the “technologies of photography, cinema, and the electronic media” (2004, 135). One such sphere of contemporary media that continuously redefines the notion of the human body is horror cinema. The recent advent of so-called ‘gorenography,’ spearheaded by James Wan and Leigh Whannel’s Saw (2004), issues conceptual and philosophical challenges to the presentation and conceptualization of the phenomenal body. Following in the scope of frameworks advanced by both Sobchack and Jennifer Barker this paper aims to explore how the body of the Saw series is constructed and how it emulates both the conceptualized bodies of its viewers and the state of modern information flow in a technological age. It will be argued that the Saw series not only recognises viewers’ enjoyment of its genre conventions but also acknowledges and manipulates their engagement with the film as a phenomenological object through which a sense of re-embodiment can be enacted

13

Miejsce sztuki – sztuka miejsca

80%

Ługowska A.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2012

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nr 2(25)

131-143

XX

The article attempts to present the role and accompanying genealogy of the category of site in art - proceeding from a phenomenological understanding of the site, through the materialist investigations of institutional critique and towards a discursive model extending beyond familiar art contexts. Since the reconfiguration of the site precipitates the reconfiguration of the place the artist occupies, it is attempted to designate an intricate situation of the artist, who departs from a modernist paradigm and assumes the role of a cultural-artistic service provider rather then a producer of artistic objects. This issue implicates the problem concerning the status of originality, authenticity, and authorship in site-specific art. Under these new circumstances art has become one of the many cultural practices that binds individuals into the social tissue, where the link between the work and its site has ceased to reflect the physical durability of the relations and consists in acknowledging its transience and impermanence. Accordingly, various cultural debates, theoretical concepts, social issues, political dilemmas, events of significance for a given community have assumed the role of new sites of art.

14

Confucius: Philosophy between Philosophy

80%

Mickūnas A.

International Journal of Area Studies

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2013

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tom 8

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nr 1

114-127

EN

The article is devoted to the philosophy of the well-known ancient Chinese sage Confucius paying attention to the Western misunderstandings of it. The fundamental differences between Chinese and Western civilizations, the problem of transcendence, and different attitude towards history are discussed in the text. Being neither a religion nor a philosophy in the strict Western sense of the word, Confucian thinking still finds its parallels among Western philosophies. The article faces the phenomenological task to discover concrete modes of awareness, their active engagements, and their correlate contents that are sufficiently broad and founding to cut across diverse disciplinary and cultural phenomena. This brief essay is a step in that direction with explicit commitment to Confucian explication and continuity of Chinese civilization. Despite variations and different levels of interpretation, a common context between Confucius and Western philosophical trends may be found.

15

Zagadnienie ontologizmu w filozoficznym traktacie O ponimanii Wasyla Rozanowa

80%

Rarot H.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2012

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nr 4(26)

325-336

XX

The legendary work of young Rozanov, largely considered incomprehensible, and thematically about meaning, can, rather, be seen as a certain kind of ontologism. After its re-release in 1995, those researchers who familiarized themselves with the text had been known to read the treatise carefully. However, at present, there is no consensus, as to the nature of the ontologism contained in it. Rather, there are radically different interpretations of the treatise and its organization and these range from phenomenology of symbolic thought to the continuation of Aristotelian realism. In the following paper, the author attempts, therefore, to read again the ontological concept of Rozanov and to resolve this conflict of interpretation.

16

Tělesnost jako podmínka intersubjektivity v myšlení Jana Patočky

80%

Mikoška P.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 7, Special No: Fenomenologie tělesnosti

69-80

EN

According to Jan Patočka, phenomenology considers the human body as phenomenon. In Body, Community, Language and World Patočka concentrates on the body as a living and subjective entity, which represents the condition of our existence in the world, i.e. also the condition of apparition. As a consequence, the body itself is the condition of its own appearance. If this conclusion is not absurd, than in what sense? In the two cases, are we dealing with the same body or do we necessarily speak about two different entities? How are these entities characterized and how do they eventually differ? And if we speak about the same body, how is this body to be taken into account? May the phenomenological method be applied on an entity which seems to condition the existence of phenomena? Is it not rather a blind spot from which the phenomena arise and in which they disappear? And last but not least, what are the consequences of Patočka’s conception of corporeality in the realm on interpersonal relationships and what possibilities of understanding oneself as well as the other do they open?

17

The Roles of Elementary Teachers in Addressing Cultural Indifferences in the Classroom

80%

Naparan G. B. , Gadong A. I.

The New Educational Review

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2021

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tom 64

198-207

EN

Cultural indifferences among students are rampant, especially in a multicultural classroom. Thus, the teachers become the front liners in addressing these differences inside the classroom. This study aimed to determine the roles of the teachers in solving cultural indifferences inside the classroom. Using the Transcendental phenomenological approach in research, the researchers explored the experiences of eight teachers in Malangas Special Education Center, Poblacion, Malangas, Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines. These teachers have personally experienced solving cultural indifferences inside their classroom due to having students from diverse tribes. The researchers explored their experiences through one-to-one interviews during their free time in their respective classrooms. Employing the Phenomenological data analysis of Kleiman (2004), the teachers played the roles of adviser, peacemaker, listener, and guidance counselor. These roles helped them address cultural discrimination inside the classroom and establish a peaceful learning environment to facilitate learning effectively and efficiently.

18

Cultivating lived-body consciousness: Enhancing cognition and emotion through outdoor learning

80%

Thorburn M. , Marshall A.

Journal of Pedagogy

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2014

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tom 5

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nr 1

115-132

EN

Through using school-based outdoor learning as the research context, the paper analyses the connections between bodily experiences and the embodied mind. Recent theorizing in outdoor learning, in reflecting phenomenology and Deweyian influences, has teased out how the relationships between the self, others and nature (environment) can be extended to include embodied experiences. This would, it is argued, add something extra to either the intrinsic pursuit of enjoying practical experiences or the instrumental quest for subject knowledge gains via cognitive- informed analytical cycles of action and reflection. While generally sympathetic to this critique, we consider there is a cognitive and emotional need for embodied experiences to demonstrate that they can be suitably contemplative as well. Through drawing upon Tiberius (2008) naturalist-informed theorizing, the paper reviews the part bodily experiences in outdoor learning can play in cultivating stable values and in developing reasoning practices that provide insights into how personal responsibility can be exercised in relation to how we live. Through referencing the Scottish policy context, the paper exemplifies how learning outdoors can flourish on the basis of a joint body-mind focus; where pupils review their relations with others and nature, as well as valuing times when they are absorbed in experiences which fully engage their personal interests, skills and capacities. To enhance the prospects of these learning gains occurring we provide a self-check set of questions for teachers to review to as part of appraisal of learning and teaching outdoors

19

Kwestia przedmiotu estetycznego a obiektywność badań estetycznych. Estetyka Ady Silberstein

80%

Ciechomska A.

Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich

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2019

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tom 62

|

nr 1 (129)

41-53

EN

The article is split into two parts. In the first one, author presents main concepts of the Polish theories from the field of aesthetics in the first decade of the twentieth century. For this purpose tries to describe the philosophical assumptions of Michał Sobeski and Jakub Segał, what is the context for the next part of the article. In second part she sets out the Ada’s Silberstein methodological concepts about the aesthetic subject and aesthetic experience, which are, according Silberstein, the key to determine aesthetics as a separate science, independent of psychological processes. Author shows that the philosophical project of Silberstein, based on Husserl’s phenomenology, demonstrates the objectivity of aesthetic research.

20

Metafyzický závazek fenomenologie

80%

Trnka J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 5

645-661

EN

The paper attempts to provide an interpretation of Husserl’s phenomenology which can clarify the character of its basic metaphysical commitment. It deals, above all, with the problem of the ontological status of phenomenology, and with the question of whether we should understand phenomenology as being compatible with common realism or as leading inevitably to some kind of idealism. In the discussion here it becomes evident that Husserl’s phenomenology is not compatible either with realism or idealism and that phenomenology is a specific philosophical position of its own. Based on a radical and peculiar conception of appearance, Husserl’s phenomenology actually leads to a kind of ontological pluralism, which holds that self-evident experience of that which is given is the only ground for any possible genuine theory whatsoever.