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Sociální teorie a kulturální studia: dva typy interdisciplinárního přístupu

100%

Balon J.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2004

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tom 40

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nr 1-2

49-66

EN

This article looks at social theory and cultural studies as the two types of interdisciplinary approach now dominating the intellectual scene in the social sciences and the humanities. It is very often argued that both social theory and cultural studies have reached an impasse and that their problems cannot be solved with the help of traditionally conceived general theories or the fragmentary approaches promoted by postmodern social theory and cultural studies. The origin of both fields lies in the classical philosophical and sociological analyses of industrial societies. The article therefore aims at answering the questions: what general theoretical influences have shaped the development of social theory and cultural studies and how have they affected and transformed the meanings of their key concepts? Modern social theory (connected with the Parsonsian programme) and the original project behind British cultural studies are taken as the key points of reference for the description of the changing nature of the two disciplines. Special attention is paid to the problems of the construction of theoretical models and general schemes in social theory and to the problems of identity construction in cultural studies.

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LITERARY STUDY VERSUS CULTURAL SCIENCES

80%

Glowinski M.

Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)

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2005

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nr 1/2(91/92)

44-49

EN

Should one understand the term 'culture' in a broad manner, as pursued by certain anthropologists or sociologists, literary scholarship/criticism would simply, like any other humanistic discipline, become part of cultural studies. This possible option should be taken into consideration, yet such a thesis, when assumed, appears not to open any novel opportunities. What it does is it condemns one to generalisation, however correct the latter might be. Should, however, the category in question be understood in a narrower way, then a whole series of issues occurs, along with various difficulties, of which one should merely become aware. For instance, why should so-called internal methods be usually approached as independent of the discipline called cultural studies, whilst others, being shaped otherwise in methodological terms, tend sometimes to be merged therewith? And, there is the very basic problem: Within what concepts is the issue of literary language designed for singling literature out of such context, and in what sorts of concepts does it provide a link to/with the related general-cultural phenomena? Plus, there is the issue of literary folklore study. The role of sociology of language as an entity linking literary study and cultural theory. What is the actual place of history in this context? Problem spheres connected with cultural studies: literature vs. traditional habits/morals; literature vs. other cultural institutions. There is a certain conventionality about singled-out cultural-science fields: cultural science appears to encompass certain not-as-yet-fully-crystallised items.

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Przekształcanie się problemów filozoficznych w kulturoznawcze jako wyraz procesu humanizacji świata

80%

Mamzer H.

Filo-Sofija

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2011

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tom 11

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nr 1(12)

263-278

EN

This text is inspired by main research problem undertaken by Jerzy Kmita in his book Konieczne serio ironisty. O przekształcaniu się problemów filozoficznych w kulturoznawcze (Poznań 2007). The mentioned problem is related to this area of culture to which „The human being had invaded and thanks to this started to construct both the world and himself”. Beginning from this moment the way followed by humans equals the process of the world’s humanization. This is not a continuous process. Each epoch, each culture, has its own vision of own functioning and the way which surrounding world functions, the world in which the social actor participates and creates. The practice proves that usually ethnocentric human attitudes influence the way in which original assumptions are introduced into the life. Reaction to this fact is giving up practicing philosophical practices related with the notion of “absolute” and, as consequences, moving into the field of cultural studies. This process is the demonstration of the world’s humanization. The notion of culture is the superior one. In a way – a priori – of all types of human activities. The science and philosophy are produced by the culture as well, and they are shaped by the values and expectations present in given culture. Because of this cultural studies (knowledge on the culture) appears to be “broad meaning type of knowledge”, exceeding the borders of the philosophy.

4

Cultural Studies, sociologie kultury a „my”: úvaha mírně metodologická

80%

Smejkalova J.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2004

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tom 40

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nr 1-2

77-94

EN

The essay deals with the recent history of three fields of study - cultural studies, East and Central European studies, and the study of culture in the Czech sociological context - and asks why there is a lack of communication among them. The authoress argues that the discipline of cultural studies, until recently dominated by Anglo-American topics, has paid very little attention to regional issues, while the field of regional studies has been overwhelmed with political and economic issues and has largely ignored cultural questions. At the same time, the Czech academic context has never undergone a 'cultural turn' similar to that which emerged in the Euro-American social sciences in the 1980s. The authoress also discusses the left-oriented political background of the British tradition of cultural studies as a possible barrier to closer communication with the regional study of culture. She suggests that now is a good time to ask how the existing methodological framework of cultural studies can contribute to the research of culture in the region of East and Central Europe, and conversely how deeper insight into regional cultural history can reshape cultural studies.

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A PROJECT FOR INTERNAL COMPARATIVE STUDIES

80%

Ziemba K.

Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)

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2005

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nr 1/2(91/92)

60-71

EN

Starting off from the history of Polish studies, the authoress draws our attention to a certain paradox. Namely, a literature that is internally dialogised and which has for several centuries been created and received by one of the most linguistically, ethnically and culturally diversified European societies, proves to have been reflected in a history of the national literature which is extremely homogenous. Juxtaposed against this approach is a project for internal comparative studies which would describe the numerousness and reciprocal influences of the literatures and cultures of the Commonwealth of Two Nations of yore, whilst also surveying the consequences of a pluralistic heritage for each of the national literatures ensuing from it, or accompanying it over a certain period. Finally, the authoress postulates that it be necessary to analyse the assumptions on nationality and identity as inscribed within Polish studies. She does so by drawing the reader's attention to the fact that national identity ranks amongst phenomena not only being assumed or accepted, but also, partly generated and defined by research procedures of literary and/or cultural history.

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SOME QUESTIONS REGARDING THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF LITERARY STUDIES

80%

Bolecki W.

Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)

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2005

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nr 1/2(91/92)

11-21

EN

The author embarks on analysing altered literary studies concepts in Poland of the recent few decades. He sees the reasons for such changes in the social, cultural, as well as methodological factors. Emphasised is the differing nature of the concept of literary studies' subject in the traditions of eastern-European and western-European literary scholarship. He believes that within this scholarship area of today, two different discourses tend to clash against each other. One of them strives for precision and specialisation, the other is aiming at free contemplation and at crossing any borders. In author's opinion, if our contemporary literary studies abandon the text as the basic area of investigation, in favour of cultural research, then literary study will get diluted in an all-inclusive 'humanities soup'. College departments such as cultural studies will accordingly regard literary scholars as not being in demand at all any more.

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TO OVERTAKE THE REAL WHEN MEDIA ARE EVERYWHERE: ONTOLOGIC INTEREST IN CULTURAL RESEARCH AND MEDIA THEORY (Nastyhnuty realne koly media povsiudy: ontolohichnyi interes u kulturnykh doslidzhenniakh i media teorii)

70%

Kostenko N.

Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)

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2010

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nr 1

3-15

EN

Interrelations of people, technologies and the newest media-systems become more and more problematical, changing usual modus of power and instrumentality and increasing the need in new ontological dimensions discriminative regarding the individual's 'total media environment' and his perception of the real world. Both in cultural researches and in media theory, the reflection is founded on intuitions which have arisen beforehand rather as an alternative anticipation. Today, they are distinctly talked over in the general context of the post-humanism which is revising traditional anthropocentric paradigms and creating new framework for sociological practices. The ontological point of view is represented by B. Latur's 'new positivism', H.U. Gumbrecht's 'post-hermeneutic', and F. Kittler's 'informational materialism'.

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HUMANITIES IN POSTMODERN ERA UNIVERSITY: ACADEMIC FAILURE OR SUCCESS?

70%

Pikhart M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2009

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tom 12

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nr 2

-

EN

The paper deals with the role of the humanities in the beginning of the 21st century universities. It concentrates on the prime objectives, predicaments and dilemmas of the humanities, predominantly Cultural Studies, by which it desire to find achievable aims of these disciplines in post modern era university. It highlights the importance of the humanities and stresses the fact that they are indispensable in the world of globalization.

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INTERCULTURAL STUDIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONTEMPORARY HISTORIOGRAPHY OF LI TERATURE: 'COMPARING' AS AN INTERPRETATION MODALITY IN WRITING THE HISTORY OF LITERATURE (Interkulturni studia v kontextu soudobe literarni historiografie: 'komparovani' ja

70%

Zelenka M.

World Literature Studies

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2010

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tom 2 (19)

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nr 4

74-83

EN

Abandoning its exact subject and methodological delimitation, contemporary comparative literature rather takes the form of intellectual reflection whose interdisciplinary linkage lies in the aspect of comparison. Among the major contemporary initiatives, the most prominent are two, known as the intercultural research and imagology. Whereas intercultural comparative studies explore interlocution between cultures through understanding 'otherness', imagology deals with the themes and motifs of the 'other landscapes' in literary texts, using its own and the other people's images. Such images mostly originate in the form of stereotypes and myths representing concrete social and ethnic communities. Thus both methods which exploit emotional experience in the literary communication can advance dialogue between nations (e.g. Czech-German or Slovak-Hungarian relations).

10

Pojem čtenář v anglosaské kulturně-analytické tradici Cultural Studies: možné spojnice, parelely a přesahy

70%

Šmejkalová J.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 4

464-475

EN

This article is concerned with readership and reading, a key theme in the work of the founding fathers of British Cultural studies, like Hoggart, Thompson, and Williams, and related American scholars, such as Altick. The article offers links with research areas related to this tradition in terms of time and concerns, that is, analyses of the centrally controlled readership in the ‘socialist’ countries. In addition to a Marxist orientation, the common features include an attempt to critically challenge the privileged position of the ‘elite culture/text’ as an object of enquiry, the rehabilitation of the non-elite (common) reader, as well as a search for the relation between the phenomena of reading, the reader, and literacy on the one hand and socio-economic progress on the other. In both traditions, reading is burdened with enormous social expectations and tends to be transformed from an analytical category into a prescriptive, axiological one.

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CULTURAL SOCIOLOGY: TRADITION AND NEW PERSPECTIVES (Socjologia kulturowa: tradycja i nowe perspektywy)

60%

Halas E.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2009

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tom 45

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nr 2(180)

195-205

EN

The new programme of cultural sociology (as distinguished from sociology of culture) on the one hand, and cultural studies on the other, constitute a point of reference for an analysis of contemporary relevance of Florian Znaniecki's culturalism and his theory of cultural systems. Znaniecki's rejection of the terms of 'society' and 'culture' in general was associated with the transition to studies of the dynamics of cultural systems. The article shows the fundamental difference in the aims realized by praxis-oriented cultural studies, as well as studies of radical changes in culture (the cultural turn), in regard to the programme of cultural sciences. The links between modern cultural sociology, including strong programme of cultural sociology, and Znaniecki's culturalism are emphasized. This culturalism radically differs both from anthropological culturalism and from political culturalism, which leads to a policy of multiculturalism. One of important principles, common for modern cultural sociology and Znaniecki's culturalism, is the principle of autonomy of culture in regard to social systems. Arguments in favour of further development of the philosophy of culturalism and cultural theory in the sense proposed by Znaniecki are presented.

12

Kulturoznawstwo i jego źródła

60%

Sójka J.

Filo-Sofija

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2011

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tom 11

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nr 1(12)

171-181

EN

In this paper the author traced the origins of studies in culture (in Polish: kulturoznawstwo). The first part deals with the philosophical tradition out of which several philosophies of culture had emerged, esp. within German philosophy at the beginning of the 20th century. The second part is dedicated to the tradition of British cultural studies which has influenced considerably today’s reflection on culture. Finally, the third part points at the Polish sociology of culture of the last century. A special emphasis was put on the work of Józef Chałasiński who tried to work out a “science of culture in its totality”. His “American culture” from 1962 can be seen as a project of cultural studies in today’s sense of the word. In conclusion the author tries to relate all three sources of studies in culture to the theory of Jerzy Kmita, a founder of studies in culture developed at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań.

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CONSUMER STRUGGLE FOR 'SEMIOTIC LAURELS'

60%

Jessa J.

Lud

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2007

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tom 91

72-94

EN

The article discusses the prospects of 'cultural populism' (which was popularized within the framework of cultural studies), with special emphasis on John Fiske's ideas. This is a point of view, which helps to notice a creative or even subversive potential of the members of popular and consumer culture. This article discusses the concept of strategies and tactics advanced by Michel de Certeau, which was used by Fiske. These strategies belong to the area of activities taken by the dominant system, for example to persuade the consumer to use specific proposals. The consumer can approach these strategies with a number of tactics, which, although being temporary and not threatening the system, can be considered an important area in which the subjective semiotic creativity takes place. By using these tactics the consumer can undermine system meanings, renegotiate them and even use a stratagem to obtain signs (things) that have a high symbolic status. Tactics are accompanied by the jouisssance pleasure, which unlike the plaisir pleasure, is experienced by senses and generated when the dominant influence of social principles is avoided.

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Jak, proč a co psát o dějinách (české) lingvistiky

60%

Fidlerova A. A.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2010

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tom 93

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nr 4-5

EN

The article addresses the most general questions of contemporary linguistic historiography, with special interest devoted to pre-19th century development and the historiography of Czech linguistics. Starting with some preliminary comments on the basic terminology, it successively deals with the problems of the incorporation of Czech historiographic work into the European context, recent methodological debates, the relationships of the historiography of linguistics to other scientific disciplines, the motivation and goals of such research and the necessary intellectual equipment for a historiographer. Finally, it discusses the most urgent tasks of Czech linguistic historiography.

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CONNECTED AGENTS, COMPLEX SYSTEMS. OBSERVING LITERATURE AS A TRANSDISCIPLINARY CULTURAL RESEARCH PRACTICE

60%

Moser S.

Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 2

5-17

EN

The ambitious agenda of comparative studies in literature, the comparison of literatures in different cultures and societies, suggests a transdisciplinary mode of observation. As a complex linguistic form of communication literature is a cultural object of research whose investigation requires the theories on language and media as well as the theories on social organization and historical dynamics. Since the 1990s the cultural studies more and more make use of systems theoretical models, which focus on the interdependence of cognition and communication. The paper offers an exemplary discussion of self-organizing systems and illustrates the interdependence of cognitive and social self-organization through an empirical study on the memorization of a short narrative.

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Interpretacja humanistyczna a teoretyczna rekonstrukcja kultury

51%

Bonecki M.

Filo-Sofija

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2011

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tom 11

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nr 1(12)

189-211

EN

In this paper the author presents crucial aspects of Jerzy Kmita’s socio-regulatory conception of culture in order to define it as a theoretical background of “humanistic interpretation”. When the latter is to be understood as a method of explanation of human behavior with regard to its cultural meaning, the theoretical background is provided by variety of research activities which the author defines as “theoretical reconstruction of culture”. They consist in e.g. socio-functional explanation, linguistic and semantic analysis, or even in epistemological considerations, and guarantee theoretically independent justification of the interpretive hypotheses applied in the course of “humanistic interpretation”. Such “reconstruction” specifies further conditions of intersubjective acceptability of the statements within the discourse of humanities and therefore it also limits the subjective and individual character of the attribution of cultural beliefs to the members of a certain cultural community.