W kwietniowym numerze "Gospodarki Materiałowej i Logistyki" ukazał się artykuł na temat statutu spółdzielni europejskiej. Statut spółdzielni europejskiej (SCE) został ustalony w rozporządzeniu Rady (WE) nr 1435/2003 z 22 lipca 2003 r. (Dz. Urz. WE L 207 z 18 sierpnia 2003 r.). Rozporządzenie to weszło w życie 18 sierpnia 2006 r. Ustawa z 22 lipca 2006 r. o spółdzielni europejskiej (Dz. U. nr 149, poz. 1077) reguluje powstanie, organizację i działalność spółdzielni europejskiej, nazywanej dalej SCE, w zakresie nieuregulowanym w rozporządzeniu oraz określa zasady zaangażowania pracowników spółdzielni europejskiej.
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According to the author of the opinion, the communication of July 2019does not, in principle, have direct social, economic or financial implications. Only the implementation of some of its solutions can cause social (related i.a. to image) and financial (resulting from statutory and organisational changes in the event of non-compliance with the rule of law by the Court of Justice of the EU) consequences. Since the document is not a draft legislative act, the author of the opinion believes that the subsidiarity principle does not apply to it.
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Wejście Polski do Unii Europejskiej spowoduje znaczne zmiany w porządku prawnym w naszym kraju na skutek obowiązku stosowania prawa unijnego wprost oraz w związku z dostosowywaniem prawa polskiego do wymagań Unii. W artykule przedstawiono system prawny Unii Europejskiej, instytucje i organy Unii oraz instrumenty prawa pochodnego (rozporządzenia, dyrektywy, decyzje, sankcje i środki przymusu).
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Na podstawie regulaminu proceduralnego trybunału sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej autor omawia organizację Europejskiego Trybunału Sprawiedliwości oraz procedurę postępowania przed tym organem. Porusza też kwestie odwołań od orzeczeń Sądu Pierwszej Instancji.
Civil law norms give a considerable space for ethical value judgments. In this respect, the key role is played by the provisions called “general clauses” that refer to extra-juridical value judgments and oblige to take them into account in the process of deciding in civil law cases. The purpose of such clauses is to ensure the necessary flexibility of law and to influence the shaping of proper human relations. In the field of economic activity they are to favour the attitudes of honesty, of mutual trust and of readiness to serve others – the values which constitute a basis for the system of free market competition. A separate question is how to realize these assumptions in the practice of adjudicating which remains the task of courts and tribunals and their case law.
The regulation at the european level is very important for the European Commission and the member states. The Commission has a particularly important role. It has the right to initiate draft directives, which will be codified by the Council and the European Parliament. There are extensive consulting mechanisms that dominate the financial sector, especially from the consumer groups or non-governmental organizations. Also, ECOFIN sessions are very important meetings, as they ultimately decide to adopt directives that can contribute to better reforms of the financial regulation. These reform processes also include the establishment of new directives on financial markets dealing with the elimination of inadequate regulation of credit rating agencies and very low capital requirements. In context of this, the civil society should evaluate where its own resources are to be invested within the European Community. It needs to be constantly monitored and, in particular, mobilized towards solving inefficient and fragmented mechanisms resulting from the financial regulation. The focus on the discovery of lobbies in the financial sector and on specific financial issues can be considered as an inevitable interest of developing countries in order to create more sustainable and equitable financial system at all levels.
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The Constitution of the Republic of Poland does not define in a comprehensive manner the matter to be standardized in laws and grants the legislator considerable freedom in determining their content. In view of the subject matter of this opinion, based on views founded on the doctrine of Polish constitutional law and on the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal and the Supreme Court, it can be concluded that the legislator should regulate by law, among other matters, the following matters reserved for statutory regulation (the principle of exclusivity of the act): regulations concerning citizenship and the rights, freedoms and duties of the individual, as well as the basic competences, principles of how public authorities are organised and function. On the basis of this assumption, it was examined whether there is any indication to the legislator from the constitutional norms relevant to the judicial authority. The following were taken into account: the right to a fair trial (Article 45), the principle of the separateness and independence of the judiciary (Article 173), the principle of bi-instantiality of court proceedings and the principle of statutory determination of the system and jurisdiction of courts (Article 176), the principle of the presumption of competence being assigned to common courts (Article 177), and the principle of the non-removability and non-transferability of judges (Article 180). On the basis of an analysis of these constitutional norms, it was concluded that the Constitution of the Republic of Poland enforces statutory regulation of the organisational structure and the material, local and appeal jurisdiction of common courts, and only allows for entrusting specific matters to be regulated by executive bodies by means of a regulation. In the event of any doubts as to whether a given case should be classified into the category of specific matters, the principle of exclusivity of the Act applies.
The article discusses the relation between law and pedagogy as well as between lawyers (theoreticians and practitioners) and pedagogues (theoreticians and practitioners). The author describes the manifestations of the current legal crisis and indicates how this process affects social life, particularly its pedagogical aspect. In his opinion, law should ensure freedom of pedagogical initiatives instead – as the dominant trend dictates – restrain them. The article is a changed version of a lecture delivered on the occasion of a jubilee of Professor Wiesław Ambrozik, held on 16 November 2017, in Collegium Minus, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
Dachy zielone - zagadnienia formalno-prawne. Cz. 1. Na łamach "Zieleni Miejskiej" wielokrotnie publikowane były artykuły dotyczące dachów zielonych. Tym razem przybliżona zostanie strona formalno-prawna tego zagadnienia oraz normy prawne, których znajomość może być przydatna przy realizacji tego typu przedsięwzięć.
Most athletes in order to achieve satisfactory results have to train long and hard. However, some of them, aiming at victory at all costs, resort to doping. The benefits of winning are relatively small when compared to the damage of the human organism caused by doping. The phenomenon has been present in cycling, athletics, boxing, football, weightlifting and many other sport disciplines for many years. In fencing only few instances of the use of illegal substances during the competition were revealed, which was reflected in Polish and foreign sports press. In many European countries the use of doping is regulated by the anti-doping rules, regulations and policies that define these practices as penal acts. In Poland the problem of doping was first regulated by the Act on Physical Culture of 1984 and 1996 as well as the he Act of 1985 on Prevention of Drug Abuse. The regulations of FIE fencing competitions, prepared on the request of Polish Fencing Federation on the basis of the FIE competition rules in the disciplinary regulations of competitions prohibited the use of artificial stimulants during or before the competition. The aim of this paper is to present the threats in modern sports with particular attention to the phenomenon of doping in fencing, as well as in social terms. It is a case study and a study of selected issues connected to doping in contemporary sports. The author poses the question whether the fencers often are tempted to support their bodies with doping in order to achieve better results than the representatives of other sports? What percentage of the fencers were using illegal stimulants? Is there is a problem of doping in fencing, and if so, what is its scale?
The title of this essay relates to two features that are unique to legal ethics and, as one might say, set legal ethics apart from law itself. Each particular ethical norm is genetically and praxeologically rooted in the so-called prime directive, i.e. in an abstract understanding of what is moral in a universal (common) sense and in one’s understanding what role lawyers play in society. This rooting is dynamic in its nature. The idea of petrification, however, appears to work in the opposite direction: legal ethics practitioners note a certain tendency to perceive legal ethics as if it was law, albeit a specific portion of it and the one addressed to specific (non-general) audience. This idea is manifested in the silent incorporation of legal concepts (substantive and procedural) – originally existing in criminal law – into legal ethics, thus ‘petrifying’ it and altering its original dynamic nature. However, such ‘legalisation’ of legal ethics cannot succeed as long as the rooting mechanism remains active.
W okresie od 1 stycznia 2005 do 30 września 2011 Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów - zwany dalej Prezesem j UOKiK- wydał 218 decyzji antymonopolowych dotyczących sektora wodociągowo-kanalizacyjnego. Najwięcej decyzji dotyczyło nadużywania pozycji dominującej, w szczególności poprzez wyłączenie swojej odpowiedzialności, ograniczenie wysokości rabatu za niewłaściwą jakość usług, niezgodne z prawem i nieproporcjonalne sankcje za niewywiązanie się z umowy, nieuczciwe ceny.
W ocenie Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów poznanie zasad funkcjonowania sektora wodociągowo-kanalizacyjnego w innych krajach może pomóc polskim przedsiębiorstwom i gminom w zaprojektowaniu nowych rozwiązań prowadzących do poprawy zasad funkcjonowania tego sektora w Polsce.
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In the opinion of the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection, better understanding of the principles of functioning of the water and waste-water trade in foreign countries may help Polish enterprises and communes to design new solutions that will improve the principles of functioning within this trade in Poland.
The article presents a legal assessment of physiotherapeutic errors. It was not unimportant for this assessment that the regulation of the physiotherapist’s profession was proven, which made it possible to confirm that errors in physiotherapeutic art are in fact medical errors. In turn this allowed us to consider the possible criminal liability of this occupational group for medical errors. Final conclusions have finally confirmed that physiotherapists can be held liable for medical errors under Articles 156, 157 or 160 PC.
W artykule przybliżono ważne aspekty prawne, które dotyczą sytuacji pracownika – twórcy wynalazczego rozwiązania, jak również sytuacji przedsiębiorstwa – pracodawcy, których znajomość jest niezbędna w celu zminimalizowania ryzyka odpowiedzialności prawnej, a także maksymalizowania pojawiających się korzyści związanych z prawami wyłącznymi, chroniącymi wdrażane przemysłowo rozwiązania.
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This article presents important legal aspects regarding an employee who is also an inventor. It also covers the problem of the employer, who is expected to possess knowledge on the matter to minimize the risk of legal responsibility and to maximize potential profits related to the invention at hand, connected with exclusive rights protecting implementation of such inventions in the industry.
Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
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This article discusses the concepts of “justice” and “injustice” in Shakespeare’s two plays: Merchant of Venice and Measure for Measure. The application of laws and its effects on the social life are the basic themes of this study. Shakespeare concluded these plays so masterfully and open endedly that it is now reader’s responsibility to decide whether the court and society are “just” enough. This study tries to give some examples from both of the plays admitting that the concept of “justice” is hard to define. The conclusions will shed further light on the discussion about the justness of Shakespearean plays.
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Le numéro contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.
„O roku ów! kto ciebie widział w naszym kraju Ciebie lud zowie dotąd rokiem urodzaju”. Powyższy cytat jak ulał pasuje do polskiej rzeczywistości odpadowej 2013 r. Co prawda Mickiewicz zatytułował swój rozdział XI „Pana Tadeusza” „Rok 1812”, ale dwieście lat później, na innym polu, historia się powtarza. W ubiegłym roku dokonała się rewolucja w obszarze zagospodarowywania odpadów komunalnych. Pojawiły się trzy nowe ustawy o fundamentalnym znaczeniu, które tworzą kompleksowy, spójny system ram prawnych dla całej gospodarki odpadami: nowa ustawa o odpadach weszła w życie 1 stycznia ub.r., nowa ustawa „gminna” weszła w życie 1 lipca ub.r., uchwalono również ustawę „opakowaniową”, która zaczęła obowiązywać 1 stycznia br.
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Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie prawnych aspektów zakończenia działalności gospodarczej osobowych spółek handlowych. Procedury i przesłanki rozwiązywania spółek przedstawiono w kontekście przepisów podatkowych i rachunkowych.
EN
The goal of this article is the presentation of legal aspects of ending of companies' activity. Procedures and reasons of dissolving of companies were presented in the context of tax and account regulations.
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