Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The relationship between the language and the national identity according to Ukrainian students of Polish origin

100%

Kijewska A.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2004

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tom 39

267-283

EN

The article was written on the basis of the statements made by Ukrainian students of Polish origin recorded between 2001 and 2002. The speakers supported an opinion that was incomprehensible to most of the native speakers of Polish: one neither needs to know the mother tongue of a given nation nor speak it on a regular basis to feel a rightful member of the nation (the knowledge of Polish is not necessary to feel a Pole and, correspondingly, one does not need to speak Ukrainian to feel a Ukrainian). Therefore, contrary to what is generally believed, the language is not an indispensable component of national identity. Such a conclusion can be drawn on the basis of statements concerning the attitude towards Ukrainian in case of students declaring Ukrainian nationality and the attitude towards Polish in case of students declaring Polish nationality. The speakers' opinions on this subject vary depending on where they live in Ukraine. Regardless of that, the language may constitute a welding element for a multinational community. Such is the case with Russian among the Poles from the East studying in Poland though some of the students reject Russian as the national/official language in the country of their origin.

2

UNIFORMNÁ TRANSPARENTNOSŤ VERZUS PRIRODZENOSŤ

100%

Žigo P.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2006

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tom 71

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nr 4

193 – 204

EN

The article points out a need to respect synchronic as well as diachronic aspect in explanatory description of the language system. Generalisations abot the contemporary state of language should have a synthesising character based on detailed knowledge about the reasons of departure from the uniform transparency in paradigms.

3

FENOMÉN NEPLNOVÝZNAMOVOSTI V JAZYKU

100%

Kačala J.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2006

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tom 71

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nr 3

139 – 148

EN

The author examines auxiliarity on the level of lexical units. He views it like a counterpart to the language units with full lexical meaning and it is placed among the other phenomena of the asymmetrical arrangement of formal and semantic part of language units and signs. The author views auxiliarity as a normal part of the natural language and he sees its place in the sphere of asemantic or empty phenomena in language and on the other hand in the field of zero elements in language.

4

ON THE MECHANISMS OF HUMAN INTERACTION

100%

Pazukhin R.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2007

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tom 49

109-133

EN

Traditionally, we associate the language concept with that of communication. In practice, however, this conceptual link is treated by linguists too loosely and arbitrarily. In the current study, we try to render the relationship of language to communication more transparent and accurate. We start by confronting the properties of speaking with those of other modes of human interaction. Such an approach helps us to gain a more adequate insight into the nature of language, its origins and its role in our life.

5

Is the Language Constitutive for Thinking

100%

Ofman T.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2008

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tom 44

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nr 3-4

303-315

EN

In Rational Animals Davidson argues that language is constitutive for thinking, i.e. that thinking requires possessing the notion of thought or belief. This thesis is the point of departure for author's deliberations. He tries to show that on one interpretation this thesis leads to surprising consequences. Even if a child acquires a language, it is possible that he/she doesn't think, because it is not necessary to acquire the notion of thought to possess linguistic abilities. To deal with this difficulty the author suggests that the ability to think be redefined as the ability to manipulate internal representations.

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SAMUEL BECKETT AND THE BORDERLINES OF MODERNISM

80%

Chorvathova M.

Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research

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2004

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tom 13

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nr 1

36-46

EN

The paper is focused on contact points of different paradigms in the works of Samuel Beckett (1906-989). Using the example of his early experimental prose (Murphy, 1938; Watt, 1944), the paper explores Beckett's problematic position in the context of the modernist project and the transition to postmodernism: the overlapping/fading of modernist optimism (the effort to erase the gap between the language and the objects denominates) and the rise of postmodern scepticism (the fundamental inadequacy of the language.

7

DOTYKY NEVÝSLOVNÉHO V ROMÁNOVEJ TVORBE SYLVIE GERMAIN

80%

Rybárová S.

World Literature Studies

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2020

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tom 12

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nr 3

54 – 69

EN

The work of contemporary French writer Sylvie Germain is often compared to a „silent symphony“. Whispered from the depths of being, Germain´s novels resonate with the richness, grandeur and poeticism of the language. Underneath the fetching words, a gentle murmur of the unknown rises. But how to capture the „chant of the end of silence“, that the author refers to in her easy „Les Échos du silence?“ The confrontation with God´s extremely reticent presence becomes the focus of Germain´s fictional characters, as well as impulse for the literary work. This interpretative analysis of selected experts from novels by Sylvie Germain is an attempt to identify typical expressive means of the „ineffable“. The study wants to be not only an illustration of the patient research for the expression of transcendent experience, but also a sincere look a tone particular literary testimony.

8

SONDA DO ŽIVOTA KRAJANOV V ŠPANIELSKU

80%

Barancová M. , Bírová J.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2017

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tom 82

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nr 3

264 – 281

EN

The study focuses on content analysis of structured interviews carried out with Slovaks living in the territory of Spain in order to ascertain the extent of their contact with the mother tongue. The authors offer an overview about the situation of the Slovaks in this territory, present possibilities of forming their associations and approach the situation in which they use their mother tongue, as well as concentrate on the impact of the Spanish on their spoken language.

9

On the Assumptions of the Syntactical-Semantical Description of Natural Languages

80%

Karolak S.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2004

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tom 39

219-228

EN

The article presents a list of assumptions, on which the concept of the syntax with the logical-semantical basics is grounded. In particular, it is stressed that the structure of syntax consists of two components. One component, which is higher in the hierarchy, constitutes a collection of concepts and a collection of the rules for their competitiveness; the second component, which is subordinate to the first one, consists of the collection of expressions/phrases and the rules for their competitiveness. The first component is of a general linguistic nature and the second component is of a specific linguistic nature. The logical-semantical assumptions of the syntax model are presented in detail on the basis of the Polish materials borrowed from the book entitled 'Podstawowe struktury skladniowe jezyka polskiego' (The Basic Syntactical Structures of the Polish Language). They constitute the basis for the project entitled 'Gramatyka konfrontatywna bulgarsko-polska' (The Confrontational Bulgarian-Polish Grammar) and for the international Slavic project entitled 'Skladnia porównawcza jezyków slowianskich drugiej polowy XX wieku' (The Comparative Syntax of the Slavic Languages of the Second Half of the XX Century) carried out at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In accordance with the described syntax model, we have provided the descriptions of specific internal categories of proposal. The said descriptions constitute the semantical category of definiteness/indefiniteness and the semantical category of aspect which constitutes the categorical component of the above-mentioned The Confrontational Bulgarian-Polish Grammar.

10

DYNAMIKA JAZYKA A DYNAMIKA TEXTU

80%

Kralčák Ľ.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2011

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tom 76

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nr 5-6

315 – 321

EN

The article deals with the questions of the dynamics of a text in comparison with the dynamics of a language. Nowadays, the understanding of the concept dynamics is not problematic in the linguistics, and it may refer to a broad, historically conducted research. The question is how to understand the dynamics of a text, i. e. if there is any uniting principle which can serve as a support. A more detailed analysis shows that the collocation the dynamics of a text represents three different conceptual understandings: it is the dynamics of a thematic and compositional construction, the particular communicational dynamics, and the historical or development dynamics of a text. Finding of this condition refuses a possibility of defining one universal understanding of this concept.

11

Ludwig Wittgenstein o wewnętrznym stosunku odwzorowania między językiem a światem

80%

Dehnel P.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2012

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tom 40

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nr 4

25 - 48

EN

The paper is devoted to the interpretation of proposition 4.014 of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus, which tackles „the…internal relation of depicting that holds between language and the world”. Three different approaches to interpreting Wittgenstein’s early work are distinguished. First, there is a metaphysical approach in which the “internal relation” is to be understood as a substantial relation of isomorphism between language and the world. Secondly, there is an anti-metaphysical approach which denies that Wittgenstein intended to offer any explanation of how language connects with the world. In this account the “internal relation” does not have anything genuinely relational. It is only by using a sign with sense that both the logical form of a symbol and the logical form of what it signifies are simultaneously constituted. Thirdly, there is a so-called therapeutic interpretation in which observations on an internal relation, as well as the whole discourse referring to correspondence, are no more than a reflection of how we actually employ expressions and have nothing to do with the metaphysical problem of the relation between language and the world. The paper endorses the anti-metaphysical approach and elaborates its argument by resorting to the notion of “logical space” and including an interpretation of 1.13 (“The facts in logical space are the world”). It is argued that the concept of “the world” and, likewise, those of “fact” and “language”, are formal concepts which, as such, constitute conditions of all representation.

12

KÁZEŇ V PRIESTORE NÁBOŽENSKEJ KOMUNIKAČNEJ SFÉRY

80%

Findra J.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2006

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tom 71

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nr 3

129 – 135

EN

The author analyses content and formal structures of a sermon as an individual genre. He reasons that texts of religious communication sphere are not united on a base of a special religious style, but they are related to the several functional language styles.

13

Człowiek — język — świat według współczesnych polskich tabloidów (zarys problematyki)

80%

Ożóg K.

Oblicza Komunikacji

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2011

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tom 4

73-84

EN

We are witnessing a growing popularity of tabloids in Poland. This is a result of two phenomena that will be the subject of my analysis: first, the content tackled by the tabloids, second — the way it is disseminated, characterised by the dominance of the image over the word. The article presents the results of research into the language of two Polish tabloids, Super Express and Fakt. Using the language of these tabloids, I analyse the most important vectors in the vision of the world and the image of humanity they propose. The research has shown that Polish tabloids present a vision of humanity and the world characterised by such categories as sensationalism, extraordinariness, commonness and shocking content. The system of values they present is highly relative. These newspapers, targeted at a wide public, use a colloquial language to a large extent.

14

JAZYK AKO NÁSTROJ EXAKTNÉHO MYSLENIA VO VEDE

80%

Kvasz L.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2022

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tom 77

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nr 10

770 – 790

EN

In ordinary experience, we base knowledge on more or less subjective sensory perception, whereas scientific knowledge is based on objective data. In this paper we try to analyse the changes that have taken place in ordinary language so that it could become an effective tool for reasoning in the exact sciences. We will start, in the first part of the paper, from the assumption of realism and epistemic accessibility of reality (i.e. the assumption that there is a reality independent of us to which we have epistemic access). In the second part of the paper, we will try to describe the changes that have made possible the stabilization of the epistemic contact with reality. We will show that the notion of the pictorial form, introduced by Wittgenstein in the Tractatus, is capable of describing the stabilization of the epistemic contact. In the third part, we will describe the instrumental extension of the epistemic contact so that we can reach phenomena, objects and relations that are inaccessible to sense perception. We will use Wittgensteinʼs notion of a language game to analyse such instrumental extensions. Finally, in the fourth part, we offer an account of idealization, which results in quantitative data that form the basis of the scientific description of reality. Although several of these transformations (with the possible exception of the interpretation of idealization) have already been described in the literature, we see the contribution of our paper not so much in the individual details as in integrating them into a theory that makes it possible to link our everyday understanding of reality (also referred to as the life-world or the manifest image) with its scientific representation.

15

LANGUAGE AND PROCESS. INGARDEN'S THEORY OF LANGUAGE AND ONTOLOGY

80%

Piwowarczyk M.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2008

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tom 36

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nr 2

37-44

EN

This paper is devoted to Ingarden's discussion of a possible criticism of language that could be presented by philosophers who deny the existence of solid things that endure in time and retain their identity. Such a possible view is called 'antireism'. Antireists could argue that language distorts reality because we use names to denote processes. In doing so we treat them as objects which have the formal structure of subjects of properties. Ingarden replies (1) that each process has a twofold formal structure, that of a totality of still perishing phases and that of a specific object which is being built in those phases; (2) that although the process has the structure of a subject of properties, it cannot be identified with an enduring thing of the same structure because of this specific twofold characteristic; and (3) that the meaning of the name of a process contains its formal content and the moment of existential characteristic projecting the process as different from a thing.

16

Język, metajęzyk, cytaty

80%

Suchoń W.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2015

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tom 43

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nr 2

5-24

EN

This paper attempts to show the invalidity of the presupposition (put forward in the monograph Language Turned on Itself: The Semantics and Pragmatics of Metalinguistic Discourse) that an adequate elucidation of the function of quotation marks requires a specific theory dedicated to this purpose. It seems that the intriguing phenomena associated with quoting – summarized and analyzed in the aforementioned monograph – may be convincingly explained by means of the well-known relationship between language and metalanguage.

17

„BILDWISSENSCHAFT“ – NA PRAHU NOVEJ VEDY?

80%

Horák V.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2007

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tom 62

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nr 2

136-141

EN

About ten years ago the literary William J. T. Mitchell and the literary historian Gottfried Boehm declared the iconic turn in all sciences, which should have rehabilitated picture as a specific form of constructing meaning, independent of language. Their inspiration was the linguistic turn in philosophy and sciences in the 20th century. Thereby they brought to life a discussion, which, especially in German speaking countries, is gradually rebuilding the systematic of all sciences. Still more frequent are the calls for 'Bildwissenschaft', i.e. for a special icon-science which should be at least as successful as was the linguistic turn. The paper offers a systematic outline of this discussion held during the last 15 years. In addition to that it gives the basic historical, bibliographical and institutional data concerning the rise of this new icon-science.

18

FICTIONAL OBJECTS IN MODERN PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

80%

Maciaszek J.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2008

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tom 36

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nr 2

159-178

EN

Propositions about fiction pose a number of problems for referential semantics. They are caused by the underlying contention that can be named existential monism. In the paper the author presents some solutions for the problem of denoting the names of fictional objects, e.g. the rigid designation of names and the possible worlds framework. These approaches are nevertheless unsatisfactory because they were introduced to achieve two goals that cannot be realized at the same time: to solve the problem of the existence of the objects that the words refer to and to explain the understanding of language. In the paper he argues that the proper solution consists in distinguishing between existential ontology, e.g. that proposed by Roman Ingarden, and a theory of language that explains the phenomenon of understanding without any ontological commitments, e.g. Donald Davidson theory of meaning.

19

Úvahy o Mathesiově pojetí vědy, jazyka a gramatiky

80%

Danes F.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2005

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tom 66

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nr 2

83-98

EN

The then-non-standard conviction of V. Mathesius - that science is an ongoing process of constructing truth and that human cognition represents a simplified reduction or epistemological stylization of experience - now appears to be in accordance with major present-day philosophical approaches. Mathesius' viewpoint followed primarily from his pronounced activist nature and self-reliant way of thinking, partly influenced by the ideas of E. Sapir, A. Marty, and analytical philosophy. In this study, the philosophical ambience of the Prague Linguistic Circle at that time is also examined. Mathesius understood language as communicative competence, implying communication skills in addition to the system of means. Given that he viewed the utterance (the processes of its encoding and decoding) as a legitimate object of linguistic study, he appears to be a predecessor to modern text linguistics. This study reconsiders Mathesius' functional grammar project, inspects the development of the ideas behind it more closely and states its psycholinguistic basis.

20

MEMORY AND LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY

80%

Borbely C. , Halasz P.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2008

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tom 63

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nr 1

143-163

EN

The study surveys the most characteristic features of the cognitive impairments in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and their possible causes through a survey of memory and language impairments. TLE as a chronic neurological disorder most frequently causes manifest changes (usually decrease) in the unfolding and normal functioning of memorial and language processing systems. The impact of epilepsy on cognitive functioning is not negative in all respects always. In certain cases chronic epilepsy and its surgical treatment can release very efficient reorganizations and functional compensations that may decrease the negative cognitive consequences and may provide data on the late plasticity of the human brain.