Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

RAW MATERIAL, PRODUCTION AND USE OF LITHIC TOOLS IN THE NEOLITHIC OF LOWER SILESIA IN THE LIGHT OF RECORDS FROM SITE 29 AT KSIEGINICE WIELKIE, DISTR. STRZELIN (Polish title below)

100%

Kufel B. , Mikolajczyk A. , Fabisiak W.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

|

2010

|

tom 62

161-235

EN

(Polish title: Surowiec, produkcja i uzytkowanie narzedzi krzemiennych w neolicie na Dolnym Slasku na przykladzie zespolu z osady w Ksieginicach Wielkich, stan. 29 pow. strzelinski). The paper presents results of technological and functional analyses of flint artefacts from the site 29 at Ksieginice Wielkie, distr. Strzelin (SW Poland) dated back to the Lengyel culture. In our studies we took into consideration all phases of raw material transformation starting from its procurement, methods of blank production to the use and maintenance of tools. As a result of these studies, including more than 600 artefacts, we reached some interesting conclusions about adaptation of local group/groups inhabiting the settlement to the local raw material conditions, characterized by medium quality concretions obtained from moraine deposits. In the light of analyses it follows that in case of the site at Ksieginice Wielkie we deal with economical resource management. It appears that inhabitants of Ksieginice Wielkie reconciled their daily needs with local raw material situation. Finally, it should be mentioned that this model concerns only the situation from Ksieginice Wielkie and without former analyses taking into account such factors as the access to raw material or the length and way of exploitation of particular area, should not be applied to other sites.

2

Kultur und Technik: Genese und Stand einer Forschungsinitiative

100%

Banse G. , Hauser R.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

|

2009

|

tom 31

|

nr 3-4

131-152

EN

The systematic and interdisciplinary study of relations between technology and culture is at the core of one project at the Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT). This text introduces the institutional background of this project as well as some early activities and first results. After that it focuses on the theoretical foundations for the concepts of technology and culture being used in this project. Based on these thoughts the correlation between technology and culture is being illustrated and some examples of its interdependencies are given. Finally some concluding theses are presented.

3

LIVING WITH URBAN EVERYDAY TECHNOLOGIES

100%

Lehtinen S.

ESPES

|

2020

|

tom 9

|

nr 2

81 – 89

EN

New and complex technologies are exceedingly present and in widespread use in contemporary cities globally. The urban lifeworld is saturated with various applications of information and computing technologies, but also more rudimentary forms of technology construct and create the urban everyday life as we know it. Many forms of urban technologies are perceived first through their everyday aesthetic qualities: how they look, feel, sound, or are otherwise encountered within the streetscape. Philosophical aesthetics, however, has tended to overlook everyday technologies as a topic, often due to unquestioned ideas of how a city should ideally look and feel. Thus, a more realistic approach to contemporary cities is needed, in which the deep-seated role of technologies is recognized and the experiences related to their entangled uses become acknowledged. This paper brings together recent developments in urban aesthetics with some of the core ideas of post-phenomenological approaches to new urban technologies.

4

Creative Time Synchronizations: Proximal and Grounded Pasts, Presents, and Futures

100%

Harkins A. M. , Kubik G. H. , Moravec J.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

|

2008

|

tom 17/30

|

nr 1

143-157

EN

The purpose of this paper is to present a new paradigm and an innovative technology for thinking about the future. The concept of time synchronization is introduced as a technology to improve individual competency for balancing the continuous construction of reinterpreted pasts, presents and futures in order to cope with the acceleration of change, complexity, and uncertainty. This new paradigm is driven by recognition of three factors: 1) Humans are both conservative and novelty generating. 2) Novelty is a key factor of life and humans address novelty through pattern-evolving creativity. 3) Reality is defined through the unique ability of humans to anticipate and define experience in terms of pattern and category. This article asserts that rapidly expanding human plurality and novelty require new models concerning relationships of past, present, and future. Such models should adequately address the rapidly changing and more complex conditions in which they are constructed and deconstructed, including the expanding opportunities that accompany them.

5

VEĽKÉ ÚDAJE V OSÍDLACH VEĽKÉHO BRATA

100%

Svák J. , Sakolciová S.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

|

2020

|

tom 103

|

nr 2

119 – 131

EN

In the past, the existing technology did not make it possible to store and process such vast amounts of data as the technology today. Data had to be selected according to their necessity and were collected only about specific persons or small groups of people. Nowadays, the technologies manage to predict “patterns“ of people’s behaviour and significantly improve the effectiveness of decision-making. The question we are dealing with in the article is whether the “traditional” individual right to privacy is still fit in the era of Big Data where the individuality ceases to be of importance or whether other solutions need to be sought.

6

CONTROVERSY ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF INFORMATION SOCIETY (Spor o pojecie spoleczenstwa informacyjnego)

100%

Golinski M.

Roczniki Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych

|

2009

|

tom 20

61-78

EN

The importance of information and information technology (IT), in many areas of human activity, is growing. The increasing prevalence of IT is a significant factor in changes in social and economic structures. The concept of the Information Society (IS) has become an important part of contemporary discourse. The idea of IS is often the object of strong criticism. This paper presents the main strands of this discussion and main allegations at the concept of IS.

7

TECHNOLOGY IMPORTATION, INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND INDUSTRIAL UPGRADING: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

100%

Song C.-X. , Qiao C.-X.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

|

2023

|

tom 71

|

nr 1

23 – 45

EN

Considering the importance of technology for industrial structure upgrading, especially under the impetus of the fourth industrial revolution, the paper examines the impact of technology importation on industrial structure upgrading in 31 Chinese provinces from 2002 to 2020. It also emphasises the moderating role of institutional environment based on two dimensions of industrial upgrading. The findings indicate that technology importation has a positive effect on industrial advancement; however, its impact on industrial rationalisation is not significant. A higher-quality institutional environment can indirectly contribute to the impact of technology importation on industrial upgrading. Finally, the effects of technology importation and institutional environment on industrial upgrading vary with regions, and there are also differences in the moderating effects of different aspects of institutional quality. Therefore, the article suggests that technology should be introduced according to the institutional environment of different regions, and the government should develop personalised industrial upgrading strategies.

8

DIALECTICAL TECHNOLOGY – HEGEL ON MEANS, TOOLS AND THE MACHINE

100%

Juchniewicz N.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

|

2018

|

tom 73

|

nr 10

818 – 830

EN

The paper concerns on G.W. F. Hegel’s philosophy of technology. By assuming two methodological strategies – reading selected paragraphs of Hegel’s texts where he speaks about technology and deducing the essence of technology as a concept – this paper describes the key ideas shaping the German idealist’s philosophy of technology. Three main issues are discussed: 1. the role Hegel assigns to the instrumental action of man; 2. the relation between tool production and culture as objectivisation of the human being; and 3. why technology is dialectical. The aim is therefore to show that Hegelian notions such as “mediation”, “cunning of reason”, and “dialectics”, were meant by Hegel himself to be used to think about technology, which is necessary to develop their full potential in contemporary discussions about technological progress, and to thus fill the gap in philosophy of technology caused by misinterpretations of Hegel as a pure idealist with no interest in technology.

9

THE TECHNIQUES OF OBSIDIAN TREATMENT ON THE MALICE CULTURE SETTLEMENT OF TARGOWISKO 11

100%

Wilczynski J.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

|

2010

|

tom 58

23-37

EN

This article is devoted to the obsidian inventory from Targowisko 11 site associated with the Malice settlement. The years of research on this site resulted in the discovery of a very rich complex of obsidian debitage, consisting of several dozen examples of cores and several hundred blade and flake fragments. Such a large number of artifacts made it possible to reconstruct the process of obsidian treatment carried out on this site.

10

Technology and microbiology of acetic acid fermentation

100%

Czuba J.

Biotechnologia

|

2003

|

nr 3

233-240

EN

Vinegar producing is one of the oldest processes of biotechnology. It consists of double fermentation, alcoholic and acetous. There are three groups of methods of acetous fermentation: surface, trickling and submerse. They are well elaborated from technological and technical points of view, but the taxonomy and methods for identification of the bacteria active in technical processes are still open. According in the results of molecular researches, the new genus Gluconacetobacter (characterised by requirement of the acetic acid for growing and lack of ability to oxidise acetic acid to CO2 and H2O - the main features of genus Acetobacter) was separated from acetic acid bacteria group. However, the results of few experiments showed that these phenotypic features (characteristic for the genus Gluconacetobacter) could be changed in to the features characteristic for genus Acetobacter by special procedure of growing. It is a question of how the differences between the same bacteria with different phenotypes would be identified by molecular methods.

11

THE THEME OF TECHNOLOGY IN AVANT-GARDES AND ITS SIGNIFICATION

100%

Bzoch A.

Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research

|

2004

|

tom 13

|

nr 1

77-90

EN

The paper is an attempt of the systematic presentation and explication of diversity in attitudes towards various contemporary technological phenomena in classical avant-gardes. The point of departure is the anthropological consideration of the sense of technology in general, according to A. Gehlen. The positive and negative accentuation of technology ('fascination' and 'nausea') in German Expressionism, its adoration in Futurism and Meyerhold's theater and its interiorization in post-Expressionism and Surrealism indicate not only different perception of various phenomena of civilization but also different and progressing understanding of the creative, traditional culture and politics.

12

TURNOVSKÁ KOMPOZICE

88%

Turnovec I.

Študijné zvesti

|

2009

|

nr 46

129 - 133

EN

The term Turnovská kompozice (Turnov composition) has been introduced for the coloured glasses that were used in the Turnov region for grinding of jewellery and gemstones imitating natural precious stones. The local “soft stones” as the glass compositions were called were very popular not only in Bohemia but also abroad. The latest documented find from Slovakia is represented by rosettes excavated at Levoča in 2001. The History of Glass Symposium in 2006 has classified them to be a Turnov glass composition.

13

Głód w czasach obfitości. Źródła informacji w podręcznikach do zajęć komputerowych

88%

Jabłońska-Stefanowicz E.

Bibliotekoznawstwo

|

2011

|

tom 30

145-155§

EN

According to the General education curriculum for primary schools, seven most important skills to be acquired by pupils include “the ability to use modern information and communication technologies, also for the purpose of finding and applying information”. The recommendations accompanying these provisions, concerning the conditions and the method of curriculum implementation, leave us in no doubt: classes should take place in rooms in which each pupil has a computer connected to the internet at his or her disposal. This reflects commonly expressed postulates of opening the education system to the real problems of the modern world and to sources of information outside school. The article analyses contemporary computer course books with regard to the use by the pupils of internet resources: education portals and websites. The author tries to answer the question what today, in an era of unavoidable technology, hampers its effective introduction into the teaching and learning processes.

14

Wartości, memy i etyczne rozterki umysłu

88%

Florek S.

Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej

|

2013

|

tom 14

67-78

EN

The paper is an analysis of the issues of natural and cultural values on the basis of memetics and evolutionary psychology. From this perspective the argumentation is presented that natural intuitions, developed in an environment of evolutionary adapted- ness (EEA), lead to moral dilemmas concerning the application of new technologies, especially in medicine.

15

TECHNOLÓGIA A INOVÁCIE AKO ZÁKLADNÝ FAKTOR EKONOMICKÉHO ROZVOJA

88%

Klas A.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

|

2005

|

tom 53

|

nr 6

576-592

EN

The article analyses the basic aspects of technological and innovation development. The history and present state of understanding of the technology is discussed both in general and economically in particular. Hard and soft technologies are distinguished between. The categorization of production factors is characterized from the view of technology development, and so are transfer and diffusion of technology, and sustainable technology development. The concept of innovation and intra- and extra-enterprise sources of innovation are dealt with. By the way of conclusion, technological and innovation policies and their development stages are analysed.

16

LOST IN THE QUEST FOR NOVELTY (REMARKS ON THE ROLE OF OPENNESS OF THE CULTURE TO REPETITIONS)

88%

Suwara M. , Werszowiec Płazowski J.

World Literature Studies

|

2013

|

tom 5 (22)

|

nr 3

26 – 38

EN

Repetitions can be analysed from various perspectives: historical, moral, legal, commercial etc. Their evaluation varies depending on the point of view one chooses to adopt. For instance, plain repetition (copying) can be considered a theft from the moral perspective, while in the same time it can be considered beneficial from the perspective of culture propagation. From the perspective of memetics, such repetitions are necessary for the memes to survive and the tendency to repeat those “memes” constitutes their fitness to cultural environment. To be closer to biological analogy one should recognize those repetitions as replications. From such perspective the program of reducing replications through the means of “prohibition” becomes not only absurd and unreachable but also it would significantly slow or even push the process of evolution backwards. One should notice that any restrictions on copying were absent in various historical periods. For instance, one of the most important ideals of culture in middle ages was exact copying and preserving the works of the Antique, obviously without any permission of the authors or their successors. It is not until the time when the artistic value becomes reduced to its commercial value that the problem of an intellectual theft arises. No artist works in an intellectual vacuum, thus no one has the full rights to the composition. There are two main reasons for such introducing the concept of an intellectual value. The first is the liberalization of the society leading to its decay into individuals aiming at their own interests. The other is the rapid growth of the “new media” technology, which allows for mindless copying – disregarding any justification or understanding. The latter is not a big problem due to the error elimination in the process of evolution. The former, however, as leading to the disintegration of society is really dangerous. In the nature it would result in the species extinction. In the culture some similarities can also be seen and will be analysed in the present paper.

17

Pottery traditions and manufacturing organization in the early neolithic: a method for the technological study of Linearbandkeramik vases in habitat contexts in the Aisne Valley (France)

88%

Gomart L.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

|

2011

|

tom 63

189-201

EN

This article presents the methods employed for a technological study of pottery from four early Neolithic (Linearbandkeramik) settlement sites in the river Aisne valley (Picardy, France). The pottery comes from refuse contexts and the vessels are generally in a very fragmentary state. Study of technical macrotraces showed that vessels of the same shape were manufactured with different chaînes opératoires. It is described and some interpretations are proposed.

18

NOVELS, BANNERS, AND CARBURETORS. FROM THE PHILOSOPHY OF LITERATURE TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF TECHNOLOGY

88%

Garbacz P.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

|

2008

|

tom 36

|

nr 2

133-140

EN

This paper presents an attempt to apply Ingarden's conception of states of affairs to the engineering model of artefacts. The authorI briefly sketches this theory and shows how it should be extended to grasp the relevant aspects of artefacts. The extension he constructs makes it possible to philosophically categorize such notions as design, function, structure, and behavior.

19

Technology and Change: The Role of Informational Technology in Knowledge Civilisation

88%

Wierzbicki A. P.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

|

2006

|

tom 42

|

nr 2(168)

205-228

EN

Technology contributed essentially to the change of civilisation eras, from the industrial to informational and knowledge civilisation observed now. The change has a social character, but resulted from technology. The related dematerialization of work was desired by many social thinkers, but ironically, they often condemned technology as an autonomous, alienating, dehumanising force, as a technocratic tool of enslavement or functionalist view of the world. This is still a reason of the lack of understanding of technology by social sciences, in particular by postmodern social philosophy. An acceptable definition of technology at the beginnings of knowledge civilisation era is proposed in the paper; it stresses that technology is a basic human faculty that concentrates on the creation of artifacts needed for humanity in dealing with nature. As suggested by Heidegger, technology is, in its essence, a truth revealing, creative activity, thus it is similar to arts. It is also, for the most part, a problem solving activity. This definition stresses also the necessary distinction between technology proper and the system of its socio-economic applications. The relation of technology proper and basic science forms a positive feedback loop: technology supplies tools and poses new problems and concepts for basic science; basic science produces results later applied in technology. More important is the second positive feedback loop between technology proper and the system of its socio-economic applications, which are managed by technology brokers, i.e. entrepreneurs, managers, bankers, etc. This second feedback loop brings about most social and economic results of technology, but at the same time it might result in grave dangers, because processes of socio-economic adoption of technological novelties in this feedback loop are avalanche-like. Such processes are known e.g. in nuclear reactors, where must be controlled and stabilised by additional negative feedback. If this additional stabilisation does not work properly, disasters might occur. An intuitive perception of the threat of such disasters is the essential reason of the condemnation of technology by social sciences. In socio-economic adoption of technology, the stabilisation of avalanche-like processes is Achieved by market mechanism, but this mechanism on high technology markets does not function ideally and, obviously, markets do not resolve ethical issues of technology adoption. Since technology brokers are educated mostly by social, economic, management sciences, the responsibility for socio-economic applications of technology, for overseeing the effective limitations of blind social fascination with technology lies also at social sciences. We also are repeating and strengthening, in new conditions, the Heideggerian warning about human fascination with technological possibilities: we must take care in the knowledge civilisation era not to become blinded by the seemingly unlimited possibilities of products and services offered by technology, in particular – we must take care to preserve our intellectual environment , the intellectual heritage of humanity. .

20

REÁLNY EKONOMICKÝ CYKLUS V PODMIENKACH NEDOKONALÉHO FUNGOVANIA TRHU KAPITÁLU

75%

Dujava D. , Lisý J.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

|

2010

|

tom 58

|

nr 10

1006 – 1025

EN

In this paper the authors deal with a question of how imperfect flexibility of interest rate and prices of capital goods on market of capital influences welfare if an economy is submitted to technology shocks. By the use of the basic real-business-cycle model they explain how positive technology shocks may lower welfare. The authors identify factors influencing the need of flexible interest rate and flexible prices of capital goods. Their model predicts significant influence of elasticity of substitution of factors of production, of persistency and of intensity of technology shocks on welfare under the conditions of imperfect working capital market. Efficient capital market becomes more important with a slower rate of operation of diminishing marginal product of capital, lower persistency and higher intensity of technology shocks.