Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Color Names in "Kreewu-latweeschu-wahzu wardnice" (Eng. "Russian-Latvian-German Dictionary") (1872) by K. Valdemārs

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Roze A.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2015

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tom 39

115-142

EN

The article gives a brief insight in the late 19th century lexicographical situation in Latvia, emphasizing especially the role and place of the first Latvian dictionary that was compiled by a Latvian author – i.e., the Kreewu-latweeschu-wahzu wardnice (Eng. Russian-Latvian-German Dictionary) (1872) created by Krišjānis Valdemārs. This study analyzes one particular lexical group as it is represented in this dictionary – color names. The dictionary presents a rich material for research, especially in the context of the semantics and morphology of color designations. It contains 146 entries describing colors and their shades, which include not only abstract but also a large number of specific color names.

PL

Artykuł daje wgląd w sytuację leksykograficzną Łotwy w końcu XIX w., podkreślając zwłaszcza doniosłą rolę pierwszego słownika języka łotewskiego zestawionego przez Łotysza Krišjānisa Valdemārsa pod tytułem Kreewu-latweeschu-wahzu wardnice (pol. Słownik rosyjsko-łotewsko-niemiecki) z roku 1872. Przedmiotem analizy jest sposób przedstawienia w tym dziele jednej grupy leksykalnej – nazw kolorów. Słownik przedstawia sobą bogaty materiał badawczy, zwłaszcza w zakresie semantyki i morfologii oznaczeń kolorów. Wśród 146 haseł poświęconych kolorom i ich odcieniom znalazły się nie tylko nazwy abstrakcyjne, lecz także liczne konkretne nazwy kolorów.

2

Color Names in "Kreewu-latweeschu-wahzu wardnice" (Eng. "Russian-Latvian-German Dictionary") (1872) by K. Valdemārs

100%

Roze A.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2015

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tom 39

EN

Color Names in Kreewu-latweeschu-wahzu wardnice (Eng. Russian-Latvian-German Dictionary) (1872) by K. Valdemārs The article gives a brief insight in the late 19th century lexicographical situation in Latvia, emphasizing especially the role and place of the first Latvian dictionary that was compiled by a Latvian author – i.e., the Kreewu-latweeschu-wahzu wardnice (Eng. Russian-Latvian-German Dictionary) (1872) created by Krišjānis Valdemārs. This study analyzes one particular lexical group as it is represented in this dictionary – color names. The dictionary presents a rich material for research, especially in the context of the semantics and morphology of color designations. It contains 146 entries describing colors and their shades, which include not only abstract but also a large number of specific color names. Nazwy kolorów w Kreewu-latweeschu-wahzu wardnice (pol. Słownik rosyjsko-łotewsko-niemiecki) (1872) K. Valdemārsa Artykuł daje wgląd w sytuację leksykograficzną Łotwy w końcu XIX w., podkreślając zwłaszcza doniosłą rolę pierwszego słownika języka łotewskiego zestawionego przez Łotysza Krišjānisa Valdemārsa pod tytułem Kreewu-latweeschu-wahzu wardnice (pol. Słownik rosyjsko-łotewsko-niemiecki) z roku 1872. Przedmiotem analizy jest sposób przedstawienia w tym dziele jednej grupy leksykalnej – nazw kolorów. Słownik przedstawia sobą bogaty materiał badawczy, zwłaszcza w zakresie semantyki i morfologii oznaczeń kolorów. Wśród 146 haseł poświęconych kolorom i ich odcieniom znalazły się nie tylko nazwy abstrakcyjne, lecz także liczne konkretne nazwy kolorów.

3

Słowniki przed sądem. Wykorzystanie dzieł leksykograficznych w orzeczeniach sądowych

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Czelakowska A. , Kubicka E. , Klubińska M.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2016

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nr 21

45-64

EN

The paper discusses the issue of the use of lexicographic works in the process of linguistic interpretation, which causes multiple problems in the judicial practice. Omitting positive examples, we show judgements in which the decision can be considered argumentatively unsatisfactory in the area of linguistic interpretation. We hope that the presented material will help linguists and authors of Polish dictionaries better understand how their work is utilized by other users of Polish. Simultaneously, we indicate moments where judicial errors result not only from lack of knowledge or negligence on the part of the interpreters, but also from defects and inconsistencies in the results of linguistic work (e.g. from inadequate definitions or insufficient contrast between definitions of related lexemes), and insufficient familiarization of the extra-linguistic milieu with methodologically newer dictionaries and language corpora.

4

Wielki słownik języka polskiego PAN a obecna sytuacja językoznawstwa polskiego

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Żmigrodzki P.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2015

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nr 19

109-119

XX

Currently the head of the Great PAN Dictionary of Polish, the author presents his observations on past and present difficulties of lexicographical work. In his view, lexicography is an activity that both uses and publicizes the achievements of scientific linguistics, and therefore, its development is tightly bound to the current state of research on contemporary language. The progress of these studies in Poland is currently not satisfactory; training of young academics and future lexicographers is also inadequate. These issues should become the subject of a general discussion for the entire millieu of Polish linguists, so that scientific and lexicographical work on Polish can advance judiciously in the future.

5

The need for an electronic multilingual dictionary

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Kisiel A. , Satoła-Staśkowiak J. , Sosnowski W.

Cognitive Studies

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2014

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nr 14

55-64

EN

The paper analyses the issue of providing adequate equivalents in multilingual dictionaries. If equivalents are adequate, it means that: (1) the scope of meaning of one item is identical to its equivalent (cf. drive: drive a nail vs. drive a car); and (2) the collocations of the equivalents overlap. Two significant problems arise when searching for adequate equivalents: the lack of equivalents whose meanings are identical (narrower/wider meanings, partial overlap of meanings, more than equally good equivalent), and equivalents with homographs in a given language. Because such issues are difficult to resolve in a printed dictionary, we put forward some methods of addressing the problems in an electronic dictionary. The paper offers an example entry from such a dictionary, which presents a suggestion of a layout. We also took into consideration the potential problems which may appear if the entry is presented in this manner: first, one must set a limit for the description (a defined number of lexical units); second, one must avoid circularity, but at the same time also strive for an exhaustive description. Electronic dictionaries offer greater possibilities of presenting modern vocabulary and adding new classifiers (e.g. a classifier of politeness).

6

Ierodiacon. Notă lexicografică

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Ștefănescu M. , Minică M.

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tom 50

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nr 4

5-15

EN

In the present study, we aim to provide a critical analysis of the treatment of the word ierodiacon (hierodeacon) in several Romanian dictionaries. Following the investigation of a substantial number of documents, we also intend to show that there was a period in the history of the Romanian language in which a neutralization of the semantic opposition “married deacon (diacon de mir)” / ”monk deacon (diacon călugăr)” took place in some contexts, the term ierodiacon being used for both meanings. This phenomenon was not recorded in the historical dictionary of the Romanian language (relevant for the example under discussion being the old series, DA, coordinated by S. Pușcariu) nor in any other Romanian dictionary that we are aware of. At the end of the study we intend to add some theoretical reflections on the semantic evolution of ierodiacon, also referring to the way in which the entry for this term could be structured in the historical dictionary of the Romanian language.

7

La simbolica dello straniero nel Salterio

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Bazyliński S.

The Biblical Annals

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2024

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tom 14

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nr 2

185-219

EN

Who is a foreigner in the Hebrew Psalter? The article answers this question in two sections. First, seven terms referring to “foreigner” are examined to determine their individual characteristicsin the Psalms and their correspondence to biblical texts outside the Psalter. Second, other literary motifs are analyzed in a cursory reading of Psalms 105, 106 and 137. The Psalter outlines a partial picture of the foreigner, which is subordinated to theological and symbolic issues. The Psalms primarily recall the adventures of Israel, which had to frequently change its place of residence for various reasons. As a foreigner, deprived of land and permanent residence, he experienced the ups and downs of migrant life and ultimately strove to integrate into a new socio-cultural environment. Defending one’s identity and maintaining national and religious integrity is portrayed as a difficult process, at risk. Another type of foreigner in the Psalms is the non-Jew, individually or communally, who enjoys the social and legal protection to which the poor are entitled. Either he is a well-integrated member of society, or he remains unassimilated. In the latter case, his false words, harmful actions and physical hostility toward Israel come to the fore. Finally, in the Book of Psalms, terms associated with “foreigner” are part of figurative language. The vocabulary sometimes either evokes non-literal associations with foreign countries, nations and foreign gods, or denotes an emotional state of suffering and isolation. Moreover, key lexemes symbolize the transitory human condition, emphasizing the marginalization and even segregation of the petitioner from the household.

8

Brněnský latinsko-německo-český slovník zapsaný za slovníkem Catholicon

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Voleková K.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2013

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tom 136

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nr 1-2

59-123

EN

In this paper, a Latin-German-Czech glossary is presented which follows the Latin monolingual glossary Catholicon by Johannes Balbus of Genoa in a Brno manuscript stored in the City Archive of Brno, Manuscript Collection No. 115. The Latin-German-Czech glossary is a Czech adaptation of two Latin-German glossaries. The author of the Brno glossary copied the whole Abstractum glossary from a source containing probably Latin-German Abstractum, Abba, and Abbreviare glossaries including a complete translation into Czech, yet he supplemented it by adding entries of the Abba glossary. The same trilingual source was used also by the author of a glossary preserved in an Esztergom manuscript (Esztergomi Föszékesegyházi Könyvtár, sign. M II 8) but its author omitted the German equivalents. A transliterated edition of the Latin-German-Czech glossary from the Brno manuscript accompanied by a critical apparatus is also contained in the present study.

9

Ideologia płci w jednojęzycznych słownikach języka polskiego

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Scheller-Boltz D.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2017

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nr 1 (19) W kręgu badań językoznawczych

163-177

EN

The article discusses the relation between lexicography and ideology. It proves that the monolingual Polish language dictionaries are designed according to the ideology of gender and that gender stereotypes can take different forms in dictionaries. The dictionaries not only reflect, but also preserve social and cultural values and rules. The analysis leads to the question, how should the ideology of gender be presented in the future, in order to avoid stereotyping?

10

Słowniczek tykociński Zygmunta Glogera – źródła i dokumentacja

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Nowowiejski B.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2017

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tom 24

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nr 2

147-162

PL

The article focuses on lexicographic means and methods used in the 19th century dialectal lexicography. Zygmunt Gloger in Tykocin Dictionary refers not only to dialect but also to other sources, which makes his work unique. It contains numerous references, especially to literary and historical texts, but also specialised papers. They serve either to prove the presence of a particular word/phrase in the Polish language in the past or in the times of Gloger, or to document the use of selected units in various syntactic and semantic contexts. Scientific references enable to define and to deepen etymology of selected words, or to provide an alternative variation. Referring to various sources in order to show historically or/and geographically determined phonetic, morphological and semantic-lexical forms that differ from forms in Tykocin Dictionary is rare.

11

Endangered-language dictionaries from the perspective of the dictionary maker and speech community

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Ivanishcheva O.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2017

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tom 2

221-236

EN

The article discusses issues related to making a dictionary of an endangered language, specifically the case of Kildin Saami, the language of the ethnos that inhabits only the Kola peninsula in Russia. The article considers three oppositions: “dictionary versus language”, “dictionary versus user”, and “dictionary versus dictionary maker”, which lead to a conclusion regarding the peculiarities of the work of a lexicographer making such a dictionary. The article describes issues related to the variety of language and orthography selected and the scope of the speaker’s background knowledge, which has a tendency to shrink or transform under conditions where speakers are aging, traditional folk culture is being lost, and there are global changes in the sociocultural environment of the ethnos.

12

O etymologicznym słowniku języków romańskich (Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, DÉRom)

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Dębowiak P.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2016

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nr 21

141-149

EN

The paper presents to Polish linguists of various specializations the Romance etymological dictionary Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman (DÉRom) which, despite having existed for several years, remains entirely unknown in Poland. Its goal is to reconstruct the Romance protolanguage, protoroman, on as many levels as possible. Its novelty lies in the application of the historical-comparative method to modern Romance forms, and reconstructing Proto-Romance forms based on them. Departure from the traditional Latin-leaning etymology brings qualitatively new results to the field of Romance diachronic linguistics. The paper concludes with examples of two dictionary entries.

13

Czy wyczyn to wyjątkowy czyn? O semantyce leksemów wyczyn i czyn uwagi wstępne

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Świątek A.

Poradnik Językowy

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2020

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tom 778

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nr 9

92-103

EN

In this paper, the author analyses the Polish nouns czyn (an act) and wyczyn (a feat). She aims to fi nd semantic differences between these units. The author quotes selected dictionary defi nitions, analyses examples from NKJP (National Corpus of Polish); in her discussions, she refers to both philosophical theories (by H. Arendt, Cz.S. Bartnik, R. Ingarden, K. Wojtyła), and linguistic diagnoses (by A. Bogusławski, M. Danielewiczowa, I. Duraj-Nowosielska, A. Wierzbicka). The author concludes that, despite the guidance provided in some lexicographic studies, the lexeme wyczyn cannot be defi ned with the phrase ‘wyjątkowy czyn’ (an exceptional act).

14

Garować – o pewnym mało znanym, a wieloznacznym czasowniku

80%

Osowski B.

Slavia Occidentalis

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2020

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nr 77/1

103-112

EN

Garować is a word which at present belongs primarily to the colloquial variety of the Polish language. Wielki słownik języka polskiego [The Great Dictionary of the Polish Language] mentions 6 meanings of the verb. However, this number does not exhaust the range. The goal of the article is to present the scope of the contemporary meanings of the word. To this end, an online questionnaire was distributed which produced 1,302 replies related to the subject of my interest. The article presents excerpted meanings arranged by prevalence (taking into consideration, if relevant, data of geographic and sociological nature). Next, a scheme of the meanings’ affiliation was suggested. Therefore, this text connects with the works using both the achievements of lexicography as well as empirical research into semantics, based on the ndata from the questionnaires.

15

Inclusion, Contrast and Polysemy in Dictionaries: The Relationship between Theory, Language Use and Lexicographic Practice

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Koskela A.

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nr 4

319-340

EN

This paper explores the lexicographic representation of a type of polysemy that arises when the meaning of one lexical item can either include or contrast with the meaning of another, as in the case of dog/bitch, shoe/boot, finger/thumb and animal/bird. A survey of how such pairs are represented in monolingual English dictionaries showed that dictionaries mostly represent as explicitly polysemous those lexical items whose broader and narrower readings are more distinctive and clearly separable in definitional terms. They commonly only represented the broader readings for terms that are in fact frequently used in the narrower reading, as shown by data from the British National Corpus.

16

Hasło LUTER w słownikach Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy 1532 i 1544

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Jankowiak L. A.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2018

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tom 25

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nr 2

61-76

EN

This paper discusses the first 3 mentions of the entry LUTER, as a common word, in the Polish language. They were recorded by Bartlomiej of Bydgoszcz in his dictionaries dated 1532 and 1544. According to the analysis made in the article, these are the examples of extremely quick registration of a new word in the Polish language, and most probably the only confirmations of this lexeme in dictionaries in 16th century and two subsequent centuries. The detailed write-up of the location of the entry LUTER in both dictionaries by Bartlomiej allowed the recollection of the lexicographic method applied by the monk and – in comparison with other religious Polish vocabulary – emphasizing the uniqueness of recording the entry LUTER as a common word, only a dozen years after the Reformation.

17

La veille néologique en tant que démarche à visée lexicographique : exemple de l’emprunt récent à l’anglais en français et en polonais

80%

Kacprzak A.

Romanica Wratislaviensia

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2016

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tom 63

69-77

EN

The article presents one of the relatively new approaches of lexicological registration and elaboration on neologisms (so called veille néologique, i.e. neological watch). As an example we will present an international project, EMPNEO, which aims to research the spreading of new borrowings, most frequently from English, to some selected languages.

18

Zapożyczenia niemieckie w XIX-wiecznym Dykcjonarzu Michała Amszejewicza (przyczynek do badań nad słownictwem obcego pochodzenia w polszczyźnie)

80%

Skorupska-Raczyńska E.

Białostockie Archiwum Językowe

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2020

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nr 20

255-272

EN

Michał Amszejewicz in Dykcjonarz, which was a record of vocabulary of foreign origin used in the Polish language in the middle of the 19th century, recorded more than eight hundred lexical units (838 in 633 entries, which comprise 511 monosemes and 122 polysemes with two or more meanings) present in the lexis as a result of interference between the Polish and the German languages. Their functional allocation is diversified, with specialist lexis being dominant. Analysed vocabulary in the middle of the 19th century was functionally allocated to various areas of activity, firstly to crafts – 155 lexical units (18.5%), next to military and its organisation – 93 lexical units (11.1%), merchant’s profession and its specifics, commercial and financial aspects – 72 lexical units (8.6%). The remaining 518 lexical units (61.8%) are scattered in the lexicon of another several dozens of specialties, such as rafting, mining, metallurgy, forestry, meteorology, gardening, fine arts and others. Until the beginning of the 21st century, out of 838 analysed lexical units a diversified life cycle was preserved by 321 (38.3%), and 517 (61.7%) were transferred to linguistic archives of the Polish Language. In analysed vocabulary of German origin, actively used in the most recent Polish Language, biased lexis is dominant – in terms of terminology and style; less frequently these are words with a neutral character, regarded as basic vocabulary. Analysed Germanisms have also undergone semantic changes, i.e. specialisation, generalisation, metaphorisation and partial transformations. Germanisms in the Polish Language of the 19th century are a cultural and linguistic fact, which is characterised by certain specific conditions, also in terms of the time of their use and functionality, which has been emphasised on numerous occasions by their researcher – Bogusław Nowowiejski.

19

Rec.: Český jazykový atlas. Dodatky, Praha 2011, 579 ss. + 2 płyty CD z tekstami gwarowymi

80%

Siatkowski J.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2013

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tom 48

20

Kontroversen um die lexikographische Theorie

80%

Bielińska M.

Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft

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2019

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nr 8

57-79

EN

Discussions on the status and nature of lexicography have been ongoing since at least the 1960s. Some of the most frequently discussed issues concern lexicographical theory, including its very existence, which some scholars find problematic. And if it is considered to exist, questions as to what can be treated as a lexicographic theory arise: Is it a theory of dictionary making practice? Is it a linguistic theory? Is it a separate lexicographical theory? The aim of the article is to present and comment on the divergent positions. Finally, the author draws attention to the factors that cause that the discussion on lexicographical theory is not always conducted at the appropriate scientific level.