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2 Studia theologica

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Variácie morálnej zodpovednosti

100%

Rojka Ľ.

Studia theologica

2016

tom 2

135-154

The traditional understanding of moral responsibility (from Aristotle to Kant) includes libertarian freedom, the existence of which has been questioned since the rise of modern science (D. Hume, J. S. Mill). The positions of certain contemporary philosophers and neuroscientists (such as G. Strawson, D. Pereboom) reinforce this skepticism. Neuroscience as such cannot, however, provide evidence for or against morally significant libertarian freedom, which is based on rational reasons and moral values. Although there are problems with the explanation of libertarian freedom, the reasons for abandoning the merit based view of responsibility appear (thus far) insufficient for the change to be a purely consequentialist understanding. It is rather important to deepen the traditional meaning and complement it with contemporary scientific achievements, when examining accountability in concrete situations of human life and society, and also examine the possible social, legal, and theological implications of adoption of purely consequentialist responsibility.

K problematice morální odpovědnosti vůči budoucím generacím v sociálním učení církve: Pokus o filosofický přístup

75%

Šimek V.

Studia theologica

2017

tom 1

143-165

The author assumes that it is worthwhile to approach Catholic Social Teaching from a philosophical standpoint. He analyses whether and how in the selected passages the term "responsibility (towards future generations)" is presented as relational and in at least three parts (Chapter 1). He deals with the issue of differentiation of the term "future generations" and with the problem of the rights of future persons (Chapter 2). Finally, the author reflects upon the two main theses of concept of intergenerational justice from the encyclical Laudato si’ while investigating the meaning of the ultimate instance of responsibility and sanctions, using the mental experiment inspired by the encyclical (Chapter 3). The author concludes that in Catholic Social Teaching the notion of "moral responsibility (towards future generations)" is usually implicitly presented as at least in threeparts, but not always and not clearly. He suggests a basic differentiation of the term "future generations" and defends the thesis that we can be currently bound by the rights of future persons although these do not exist yet. According to the author, the mental experiment leads to theological insights into the meaning of the ultimate instance of responsibility and of personal immortality, namely already when we assume the philosophically plausible precondition of the possibility of sanctions.