Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Granulometric composition of soil as a factor determining concentration of ions in soil solution

100%

Rutkowska B. , Szulc W. , Labetowicz J.

Journal of Elementology

|

2005

|

tom 10

|

nr 4 Suppl.1

89-90

2

Composition and variability of soil solutions as a measure of human impact on protected woodland areas

100%

Walna B.

Open Chemistry

|

2007

|

tom 5

|

nr 1

349-383

EN

A study was made of the sandy and loamy soils of the woodland areas of the Wielkopolski National Park (Poland) affected by acid rain. The basic properties of the soils were determined, revealing their strong acidification, poor buffering power, and the possibility of aluminium release. An analysis was made of the content of soluble, exchangeable, organic, amorphous, and free forms of aluminium. The concentration of exchangeable aluminium exceeded that of the form dissolved in soil water several times to tens of times. In soil solutions Ca/Al ratios in some horizons show very low values that could induce a nutrient deficit. In the sandy profiles the ratio even drops below the critical level of 0.1. In the surface horizon the dominant cation at all the sites is the aluminium ion. An analysis of anions shows a dominance of sulphate and chloride ions. In autumn nitrites were recorded at all depth levels, while in spring only in the surface layers. The highest fluoride concentrations were found to occur in profiles situated the closest to the emission source of fluorine compounds. The markedly higher concentrations of ammonium than nitrate ions can lead to increased acidification and eutrophication of the soil.

3

Indicatory properties of soil solutions in the characteristics of forest site quality

100%

Porebska G. , Sienkiewicz J. , Ostrowska A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2004

|

tom 13

|

nr 5

EN

We have compared the mean contents of Al, combined Ca + Mg as well as of the total content of elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Fe, Mn, NH4, Cl, SO4 and NO3) in solutions obtained for the Ofh, AE and Bv soil horizons. Soils were sampled in dry coniferous (Bs), fresh coniferous (Bsw) and mixed deciduousconiferous (BMsw) forest sites. Higher values of combined Ca and Mg content and of total element content were found in the soil solution of all horizons in BMsw sites than in those in Bs and Bsw sites. The amount of Al migrating to aqueous solution is lower in Ofh horizons of BMsw sites than in Bs and Bsw sites. The soil sorption complex of BMsw sites, likewise respective soil solutions, is more abundant in combined bivalent basic cations than that of Bs and Bsw sites. Exchangeable Al content in the Ofh horizon is lowest in BMsw site, and highest in Bsw site. No direct effect was found on the forest floor vegetation on the concentration of soil solutions (expressed as element sum) or on the ionic composition of these solutions taking into account the elements analyzed.

4

The effect of the content of organic carbon in the soil on the chemical composition of the soil solution

88%

Rutkowska B. , Szulc W. , Labetowicz J.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

|

2004

|

tom 37

|

nr 2

EN

On the basis of 136 soil samples collected from an area of Poland, the effect of the content of organic carbon in the soil on the chemical composition of soil solution was analyzed. With an increase of organic carbon content in the soil, a significant increase of calcium and to a lesser extent of magnesium, bicarbonates and phosphates in the soil solution was observed. No correlation was noted between the organic carbon soil content and the concentration of aluminium in the soil solution. The contents of organic matter in the soil influenced the concentrations of microelements in the soil solution more than the macroelements content in this soil. The concentrations of manganese, iron, zinc and copper were positively correlated, the concentration of molybdenum was negatively correlated and the concentration of boron did not show any relationship with the soils content of organic carbon.

5

Impact of soil acidification on heavy metal concentrations in the soil solution

75%

Csillag J. , Lukacs A. , Bujtas K. , Nemeth T.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

|

1998

|

tom 456

6

The influence of soil acidity on aluminium and mineral nutrients concentrations in soil solution at different soil water potentials

75%

Siecinska J. , Wiacek D. , Nosalewicz A.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2016

|

tom 23

|

nr 1

EN

The aim of the research was to analyse the impact of soil water potential on the concentration of aluminium and selected mineral nutrients in soil solution. Soil acidification is a natural process accelerated by agriculture, and one of the most important factors limiting crop production worldwide. Concentrations of aluminium and selected mineral nutrients in solutions obtained from soil at initial pH 4.2 and after liming at various soil water potential were measured in centrifuged soil solution. Our results showed a significant gradual increase in the concentration of Al and most of mineral nutrients (Ca, Mg and P) with decreasing soil water potential from −3.5 kPa to −0.205 MPa. The results are important in the evaluation and interpretation of plant response to aluminium toxicity when accompanied by changes in water availability.

PL

Celem badań była analiza wpływu potencjału wody glebowej na stężenie glinu i wybranych składników mineralnych w roztworze glebowym gleby kwaśnej i wapnowanej. Wzrost kwasowości gleb jest naturalnym procesem, jednym z najważniejszych czynników ograniczających produkcję roślinną na świecie. Może on ulec przyspieszeniu przez środki stosowane w rolnictwie. Pomiarami objęto zmiany stężenia glinu oraz wybranych składników mineralnych w roztworach glebowych z gleby o pH 4.2 oraz gleby wapnowanej, otrzymanych przy różnych potencjałach wody glebowej. Nasze wyniki wskazują na znaczący wzrost stężenia glinu i większości składników mineralnych (Ca, Mg i P) wraz ze spadkiem potencjału wody glebowej z −3.5 kPa do – 0.205 MPa. Uzyskane wyniki są ważne w ocenie i interpretacji odpowiedzi roślin na toksyczność glinu, w warunkach zróżnicowanego uwilgotnienia gleby.

7

Chemical composition of soil solutions from forest lands under anthropogenic pressure: comparing two extract recovery methods

75%

Spychalski W. , Walna B. , Kurzyca I.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2008

|

tom 17

|

nr 3

389-395

EN

Investigations were carried out on sandy forest soils from Wielkopolski National Park (west-central Poland), which have been exposed for a long time to anthropogenic pressure. Two comparative extract recovery methods were performed for aqueous soil extracts (ME) at ratios 1:1, and those obtained from so-called saturated paste (MP). Recovered extracts were analyzed for sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminium, chloride, fluoride, nitrate and sulphate concentrations, at various depths of two slightly different soil profiles. Higher levels of alkaline cations were obtained in extracts recovered at ratios 1:1, in the case of sandy soils along the entire profile, whereas in profiles with variable lithology, the granulometric composition clearly affected the mechanism of ion release. The patterns of changes in the contents of chlorides and sulphates were similar to those of calcium and magnesium, while fluoride levels in the topsoil differed significantly, depending on the method applied. Differences between the two methods were also significant in the case of aluminium content. The elaboration of aluminium toxicity indices should consider such approaches.

8

Influence of soil fertilization on concentration of microelements in soil solution of sandy soil

75%

Rutkowska B. , Szulc W. , Labetowicz J.

Journal of Elementology

|

2009

|

tom 14

|

nr 2

349-355

EN

The study was carried out to asses the influence of soil mineral fertilization, manure application and soil liming on changes in the concentration of microelements (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in soil solution. The tests were performed on samples of sandy soil collected from long-term fertilization experiments being conducted on lessive soil of the granulometric structure of clayish sand. Soil solution was prepared with the suction method. The concentration of microelements in soil solution was determined by means of the ICP method. The results showed an increase in Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu and a decrease in B and Mo in soil solution when soil was fertilized with nitrogen. The concentration of microelements in soil solution was not significantly influenced when soil was fertilized with phosphorous and potassium. Liming had a significant effect on a decrease in the concentration of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu and an increase in B and Mo in soil solution. Soil application of manure significantly increased the concentration of microelements in soil solution.

PL

Celem pracy była ocena wpływu nawożenia mineralnego oraz stosowania obornika i wapnowania na zmiany stężenia mikroelementów (B, Cu, Fe, Mn i Zn) w roztworze glebowym gleby lekkiej. Próbki glebowe pobrano z trwałego doświadczenia nawozowego prowadzonego na glebie płowej o składzie granulometrycznym piasku gliniastego lekkiego. Roztwór glebowy pozyskiwano metodą podciśnieniową. W roztworze glebowym mikroelementy oznaczono metodą ICP. Stwierdzono, że w warunkach nawożenia azotem obserwuje się zwiększenie stężenia żelaza, manganu, cynku i miedzi oraz zmniejszenie stężenia boru i molibdenu w roztworze glebowym. Nawożenie fosforem i potasem nie wpływa istotnie na stężenie mikroelementów w roztworze glebowym. Wapnowanie przyczynia się do zmniejszenia stężenia żelaza, manganu, miedzi i cynku oraz zwiększenia stężenia boru i molibdenu w roztworze glebowym, a pod wpływem stosowania obornika obserwuje się istotne zwiększenie stężenia mikroelementów w roztworze glebowym.

9

Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilisation on the content of ions in the soil solution

75%

Murawska B. , Spychaj-Fabisiak E.

Journal of Elementology

|

2009

|

tom 14

|

nr 4

EN

The aim of the present research was to evaluate whether or not, and to what extent, exclusive mineral fertilisation affects the content of water-soluble ions determining the soil salinity. The soil was sampled from the arable layer of a multi-year field experiment carried out in 1974-2007. The research involved differentiated nitrogen fertilisation (factor I, n=3) and potassium fertilisation (factor II, n=4). The content of water-soluble ions was defined in water extract, in the soil to water ratio of 1:5; cations K+, Na+, Ca2+ were determined with the method of emission spectrometry and Mg2+ – with atomic absorption. Anions were analysed with the argentometric (Cl-) and nephelometric (SO4 2-) methods. In addition, electrolytic conductivity (R) was tested with the conductometric method, based on which the salt concentration in the solution (C) and the ionic strength (I) were calculated. The present results were statistically verified. The prolonged application of intensive nitrogen and potassium fertilisation (32 years) significantly differentiated the content of cations: K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ as well as anions: Cl- and SO4 2- in soil solution. The contents of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ in the soil solutions differed and fell within the range of (mean value) 0.136-0.507 (0.281) K+, 0.398-0.555 (0.472) Na+, 1-2.192 (1.350) Ca2+ and 0.211- 0.365 (0.272) Mg2+ mmol(+)⋅kg-1. The highest nitrogen dose significantly limited the concentration of SO4 2- in the soil solution, while the different doses of potassium did not result in such significant changes in the concentration of the above ions. The content of chlorine ions in the soil solution did not depend significantly on differentiated nitrogen and potassium fertilisation. No effect of the long-term mineral fertilisation on soil salinity was noted.

PL

Celem badań była ocena, czy i na ile wyłączne nawożenie mineralne wpływa na zawartość wodnorozpuszczalnych jonów decydujących o zasoleniu gleby. Próbki gleby pobrano z warstwy ornej wieloletniego doświadczenia polowego, które prowadzono w latach 1974- -2007. W badaniach stosowano zróżnicowane nawożenie azotem (I czynnik, n=3) i potasem (II czynnik, n=4). Zawartość wodnorozpuszczalnych jonów oznaczono w wyciągu wodnym, stosunek gleby do wody jak 1:5; kationy K+, Na+, Ca2 + metodą spektometrii emisyjnej, a Mg2+ metodą absorpcji atomowej, aniony – metodą argentometryczną (Cl-) oraz nefelometryczną (SO4 2-). Oznaczono także przewodnictwo elektrolityczne (R) metodą konduktometryczną, na podstawie którego obliczono stężenie soli w roztworze (C) i moc jonową (I) Wyniki badań opracowano statystycznie. Wieloletnie (32 lata) stosowanie intensywnego nawożenia azotem i potasem istotnie różnicowało zawartości kationów: K+, Na+, Ca2+ i Mg2+ oraz anionów: Cl- i SO4 2- w roztworze glebowym. Zawartość K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ w roztworze glebowym wynosiła odpowiednio: 0,136-0,507 średnio (0,281), 0,398-0,555 średnio (0,472), 1-2,192 średnio (1,350), 0,211-0,365 średnio (0,272) mmol(+)⋅kg-1. Największe dawki azotu istotnie ograniczały koncentrację SO4 2- w roztworze glebowym, natomiast zróżnicowane dawki potasu nie miały tak znaczącego wpływu. Zawartość jonów chlorowych w roztworze glebowym nie zależała istotnie od różnicowanego nawożenia azotem i potasem. Nie stwierdzono wpływu długoletniego nawożenia mineralnego na zasolenie gleby.

10

Nutrients and cations content in soil solutions from the present and abandoned penguin rookeries (Antarctica, King George Issland)

75%

Juchnowicz-Bierbasz M. , Rakusa-Suszczewski S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2002

|

tom Vol. 50, nr 1

79-91

EN

Penguin rookeries are one of the main sources of nutrients for the poor ecosystem of Antarctica. At the current penguin rookeries, and in their vicinity, nitrogen rich ornithogenic soils areformed. Relictornithogenic soils created at the abandoned rookeries hundreds or even thousands years ago are rich in phosphates. In the region of maritime Antarctica, water plays an important role in distribution and redistribution of nutrients (surface flows and percolation). Soil decomposition processes result in cations and nutrient release. In nutrients originating from relict ornithogenic soils of the Antarctic tundra, phosphates are the dominating elements;while in nutrients originating from contemporary ornithogenic soils nitrogen (mainly ammonia) is the main ingredient. Mineral soils free of penguin influence contain minute amounts of nutrients. Low pH of soil solutions (<4) causes increase of dissolving of phosphate complexes. Near penguin rookery, pH was lowest (2.73-3.33) and intermediate (2.92-3.77) in relict soils. The values of pH were the highest in soil solutions from mineral soil (5.43-7.33). High concentration of cations (mainly K) in soil solutions from the ornithogenic soils and relict ornithogenic soils, suggest their organic (animal) origin.

11

Environmental factors effecting the concentration of microelements in the soil solution of Polish arable soils

75%

Labetowicz J. , Rutkowska B.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

|

2002

|

tom 35

|

nr 1

EN

Based on a large number of samples collected from within Polish territory, the concentration of microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, and Mo) in a soil solution of arable soils of Poland was measured and evaluated, and the possibility of various soil factors as causal agents of this concentration was assessed.

12

Zadrzewienia środpolne jako sposób ograniczenia migracji azotu w glebach i wodach obszarów wiejskich

63%

Baran S. , Oleszczuk P.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2001

|

tom 56

13

Soil solutin metal species in the profiles of sandy and silty arable soils in industrial area

63%

Smal H. , Ligęza S.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2004

|

tom Vol. 11, nr 7

657--664

EN

Species of metals: Ca, Mg, Mn, Al, Zn, Co, Cd and Pb in the soi1 solutions, of two soils developed on sand and two on silt of water origin, located in Upper Silesia are presented in the paper. To estimate the speciation of ions the SOILCHEM chemical equilibrium model was used. The percentage distribution of the given metal species in its total concentration in the solutions was analysed. The model predicted a high percentage share (in more than 50%) of free Mg2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+, much lower of Pb2+ and Cu2+ and no Al3+.In the studied range of soil solution reaction (pH 4.95-7.12) percentage distribution of ions was determined mainly by the share of humus acids complexes, complexes with CO32- (in solutions of higher pH) and SO42- ligands. Thus, it depended on DOC (dissolved organic carbon), HCO3- and SO42- concentrations in the solutions.

PL

Przedstawiono formy specjacyjne metali: Ca, Mg, Mn, Al, Zn, Cu, Cd i Pb w roztworach glebowych w profilach dwóch gleb wytworzonych z piasków oraz dwóch z pyłów wodnego pochodzenia z terenu Górnego Śląska. Specjację badano metodą numeryczną, za pomocą programu chemicznej równowagi jonów w roztworach - SOILCHEM. Analizowano procentową dystrybucję poszczególnych form pierwiastków w stosunku do ich całkowitego stężenia w roztworze glebowym. Model przewiduje duży (> 50%) udział wolnych jonów Mg2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+, znacznie mniejszy Cu2+ i Pb2+ oraz brak Al3+. W badanym zakresie pH roztworów (4,95-7,12) dystrybucja jonów determinowana była przede wszystkim przez udział kompleksów z kwasami próchnicznymi, a także z ligandami CO32- (w roztworach o większym pH) i w mniejszym stopniu z SO42-. Dystrybucja jonów zależała więc głównie od stężenia rozpuszczonego węgla organicznego (DOC) oraz stężenie HCO3- i SO42- w roztworze.

14

Release of trace metals to the soil solution from a phosphate rock containing soil at different acid loads

63%

Csillag J. , Lukacs A. , Osztoics E. , Csatho P. , Baczo G.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura

|

2004

|

tom 59

|

nr 4

15

The solubility of iron in forest soils

63%

Gruba P.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Forestry

|

2010

|

tom 13

|

nr 4

16

The influence of soil reaction on solubility of heavy metals in soil and their availability to plants

63%

Gambus F.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

|

1998

|

tom 456

17

Composition of soil solution after 10 years of PRP SOL fertilization based on the selected chemical properties

63%

Spychalski W. , Sulewska H. , Ratajczak K. , Kaczmarek T.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2017

|

tom Vol. 62, nr 4

139--143

EN

The paper presents the results of the research on the effect of PRP SOL fertilization on the basic chemical properties of soil and composition of soil solution. The soil has been sampled from the level of humus of many years' experiment established on light soil using traditional fertilization (NPK) and PRP SOL fertilizer was used instead of PK fertilization. Nitrogen doses remained the same in both combinations. Collected samples for testing were taken from a depth of 0-20 cm using an automatic soil sampler. In the plots where PRP SOL fertilization was applied, a statistically significant decrease in the content of available forms of potassium and an increase in the amount of available magnesium forms were observed. There was no significant influence of factors used in the experiment on total organic carbon and nitrogen content. Long-term application of PRP SOL fertilization resulted in statistically significant differences in chemical composition of soil solutions. A significant decrease in the concentration of the following components was observed in these plots: K+, Na+, PO43-, NH4+ and the increase in pH value. Modification effect on soil solution chemistry was also caused by the species of cultivated plants.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące wpływu nawożenia PRP SOL na podstawowe właściwości chemiczne gleb oraz skład roztworu glebowego. Przedmiotem badań były próbki glebowe pobrane z poziomu próchnicznego wieloletniego doświadczenia założonego na glebie płowej, na której stosowane było nawożenie tradycyjne (NPK) oraz zamiast nawożenia PK stosowany był nawóz zwany PRP SOL. Dawki azotu pozostały w obu kombinacjach takie same. Próbki powierzchniowe - średnie do badań pobrano z głębokości 0-20 cm za pomocą automatycznego próbnika glebowego. Na poletkach, na których było stosowane nawożenie PRP SOL stwierdzono statystycznie istotny spadek zawartości przyswajalnych form potasu oraz wzrost ilości przyswajalnych form magnezu. Nie stwierdzono istotnego wpływu zastosowanych w doświadczeniu czynników na zawartość węgla organicznego oraz azotu ogółem. Wieloletnie stosowanie nawożenia PRP SOL spowodowało statystycznie istotne różnice w składzie chemicznym roztworów glebowych. Na tych poletkach stwierdzono istotny spadek stężenia następujących składników: K+, Na+, PO43-, NH4+ oraz wzrost wartości odczynu. Modyfikujący wpływ na chemizm roztworu glebowego wywierał także gatunek uprawianych roślin.

18

Ocena zmian stężenia mineralnych form azotu w roztworach glebowych i ich wymywania

63%

Pietrzak S. , Urbaniak M. , Sapek B.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

|

2006

|

tom T. 6, z. spec.

51-63

PL

Przeprowadzono badania, mające na celu ocenę wpływu zróżnicowanych dawek i form nawozów azotowych oraz odczynu gleby na stężenie azotu azotanowego i amonowego w roztworach glebowych spod trwałych użytków zielonych oraz oszacowanie możliwych strat azotu przez wymycie poza strefę korzeniową roślinności łąkowej. Badania realizowano w latach 1999-2001, na dwóch ścisłych doświadczeniach łąkowych, dotyczących bilansowania azotu (ze stosowaniem deszczowania obiektów nawozowych) oraz efektów wapnowania, zlokalizowanych w miejscowościach Falenty i Janki k. Warszawy. Próbki roztworu glebowego do analiz pozyskiwano za pomocą aparatów ssących z kubkami ceramicznymi i silikonowymi, zainstalowanych na obiektach badawczych na głębokości 75 cm. Stwierdzono, że stężenie mineralnych form azotu w roztworach glebowych i ich wymycie na doświadczeniach w Falentach i Jankach zależało od: dawki i formy nawozu azotowego, stanu uwilgotnienia gleby i jej odczynu. Wartości stężenia N-NH4 i N-NO3 w roztworach glebowych pozyskiwanych za pomocą ceramicznych i silikonowych kubków porowatych znacznie się różniły.

EN

The study was aimed at estimating the influence of diverse doses and forms of nitrogen fertilizers and the reaction of soil on the concentration of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in soil solutions from under permanent grassland and possible losses of nitrogen by leaching out of the root zone of meadow vegetation. Analyses were performed in the years 1999--001 in two strict grassland experiments situated in Falenty and Janki near Warsaw on the balance of nitrogen (with sprinkling irrigation) and on the effect of liming. Samples of soil solution were obtained by means of suction apparatus with ceramic and silicone cups installed at a depth of 75 cm. Concentrations of mineral forms of nitrogen in soil solutions and their leaching were found to depend on doses and forms of nitrogen fertilizers, on soil humidity and pH. Concentrations of N-NH4 and N-NO3 in soil solutions collected from ceramic and silicone porous cups considerably differed between each other.

19

Nutrients and cations content in soil solutions from the present and abandoned penguin rookeries [Antarctica, King George Island]

63%

Juchnowicz-Bierbasz M. , Rakusa-Suszczewski S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2002

|

tom 50

|

nr 1

EN

Penguin rookeries are one of the main sources of nutrients for the poor ecosystems of Antarctica. At the current penguin rookeries, and in their vicinity, nitrogen rich ornithogenic soils are formed. Relict ornithogenic soils created at the abandoned rookeries hundreds or even thousands years ago are rich in phosphates. In the region of maritime Antarctica, water plays an important role in distribution and redistribution of nutrients (surface flows and percolation). Soil decomposition processes result in cations and nutrient release. In nutrients originating from relict ornithogenic soils of the Antarctic tundra, phosphates are the dominating elements; while in nutrients originating from contemporary ornithogenic soils nitrogen (mainly ammonia) is the main ingredient. Mineral soils free of penguin influence contain minute amounts of nutrients. Low pH of soil solutions (<4) causes increase of dissolving of phosphate complexes. Near penguin rookery, pH was lowest (2.73-3.33) and intermediate (2.92-3.77) in relict soils. The values of pH were the highest in soil solutions from mineral soil (5.43-7.33). High concentration of cations (mainly K) in soil solutions from the ornithogenic soils and relict ornithogenic soils, suggest their organic (animal) origin.

20

Sampling soil solution for nitrate and pesticides in a sandy soil under moldboard and no-tillage systems

63%

Hartwig R. C. , Lowery B.

Bibliotheca Fragmenta Agronomica

|

1997

|

tom 2A