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EN
In this paper, 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl isocyanate (abbreviated as TESPIC) was modified by ethylparaben (EPB) to produce corresponding organic-inorganic monomers (EPB-TESPIC) with two components equipped with covalent bonds, which not only can coordinate to RE ions (Tb3+ and Eu3+) but also act as a sol-gel precursor. Luminescent hybrid materials consisting of terbium-europium complex, covalently bonded to silica-based network, have been obtained in situ via a sol-gel approach. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were applied to characterize the structure of EPB-TESPIC. UV-visible, phosphorescence, and luminescence spectra were obtained to characterize the photophysical properties of the obtained hybrid material. Through co-hydrolysis and polycondensation, Tb3+ and Eu3+ can be introduced into the same organic-inorganic hybrid monomer, forming Si-O backbones. The experimental results show that the strong luminescence of rare-earth ions substantiates the optimum energy match and effective intramolecular energy transfer between the triplet state energy of coordination complex and the emissive energy level of the rare-earth ions. The hybrid material systems are expected to have potential applications in photophysical sensors.
EN
The use of dimethacrylate resin composite in dentistry involves the potential of shrinkage and then stress contraction. This leads in consequence to defects and even secondary caries. The aim of this study was to modify the commercial resin-based composite using selected monomers and to assess the influence of such additives on polymerization stress and bulk mechanical properties. The polymer matrix was modify due to implementation monomers with differentiated chemical constitution. Stresses generated by the filling were calculated on the basis of the theory of elasticity patterns. The depth of cure and microhardness was evaluated as well. On the basis of measurements, it has been found that stress could be reduced even up to a half when composite is chemical modified by adding not less than 0.25 wt % of 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate or diurethane dimethacrylate.
PL
Celem pracy była modyfikacja uniwersalnego materiału nanohybrydowego z wykorzystaniem monomerów dimetakrylanowych o zróżnicowanej budowie chemicznej i różnym ciężarze cząsteczkowym oraz ocena wpływu przeprowadzonej modyfikacji na naprężenia skurczowe generowane podczas naświetlania kompozytu.
EN
Adsorption properties and concentrations of surface oxygen groups were determined for commercial carbons (WG-12 and WG-15) and commercial carbons modified by water, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid (V). Basic parameters of the porous structure of the present carbons were determined according to low-temperature isotherms of nitrogen adsorption. Moreover, concentrations of surface oxygen groups were determined by the Boehm and TGA methods. Modifying agents used here substantially affect the porous structure and chemical properties of the surface of activated carbons. The use of nitric acid (V) affects chemical properties most.
PL
Kopolimer styren/N-fenylo-3,4-pirolina otrzymano metodą redukcji kopolimmeru styren/N-fenylomaleimid za pomocą glinowodorku litu. strukturę otrzymanego produktu określono na podstawie analizy elementarnej i spektrofotometrycznej w podczerwieni. Hydrofobowość kopolimeru styren/N-fenylo-3,4-pirolina jest znacznie większa niż kopolimeru styren/N-fenylomaleimid co spowodowane jest zmianą budowy chemicznej kopolimeru.
EN
The copolymmer styrene/N-phenyl-3,4-piroline by reduction of the styrene/N-phenylmaleimide by lithium-aluminium hydride have been obtained. The structure of the copolymer was determineted by elementar and IR analysis. Surface properties the copolymer styrene/N-phenyl-3,4-piroline are approximate to surface properties of polystyrene.
EN
Most recently it has been found that nanodiamond particles have very interesting properties. There are number of research communications that detonation nanodiamond particles (NDPs) are fairly reactive and their surface can be effectively modified by chemical methods. The hydroxyl-modified NDPs were obtained by Fenton reaction, amine-functionalized NDPs were obtained by chemical reduction of the nitro- -functionalized surface and carboxyl-modified NDPs by oxidation by using H2O2 under acidic conditions. NDPs functionalized by hydroxyl- and amine- groups and amino groups were used for covalent binding of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals (aspirin, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen) via ester or amide bonds. These results of the studies proved the activity of the conjugates of active substance-NDP and study the rate of release of active substance from the NDPs surface by in vitro examinations with mouse fibroblasts. The progress of the reaction and the characteristics of the products were determined by using FT-IR. Chemical and physical structures of materials were also investigated by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). DRIFT spectra show the modification of nanodiamond by ketoprofen, naproxen, ibuprofen and aspirin.
EN
Ion implantation has a potential to modify the surface properties and to produce thin conductive layers in insulating polymers. For this purpose, poly-allyl-diglycol-carbonate (CR-39) was implanted by 400 keV Au+ ions with ion fluences ranging from 5 × 1013 ions/cm2 to 5 × 1015 ions/cm2. The chemical, morphological and optical properties of implanted CR-39 were analyzed using Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of implanted samples was determined through four-point probe technique. Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of carbonaceous structures in the implanted layer of CR-39. From FT-IR spectroscopy analysis, changes in functional groups of CR-39 after ion implantation were observed. AFM studies revealed that morphology and surface roughness of implanted samples depend on the fluence of Au ions. The optical band gap of implanted samples decreased from 3.15 eV (for pristine) to 1.05 eV (for sample implanted at 5 × 1015 ions/cm2). The electrical conductivity was observed to increase with the ion fluence. It is suggested that due to an increase in ion fluence, the carbonaceous structures formed in the implanted region are responsible for the increase in electrical conductivity.
EN
This study evaluated some properties of sesenduk (Endospermum malaccense) wood treated with propionic anhydride and exposed to outdoor conditions for up to one year. Defect-free samples of sesenduk were extracted with a 3:1:1 (v/v) mixture of toluene, ethanol and acetone for 3 hours at a temperature of 100°C. The samples were then modified at the same temperature for another 3 hours using propionic anhydride and 10% sodium formate as catalyst. Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and parallel-to-grain compression strength of the samples exposed to weathering were tested. Chemical treatment reduced the MOE but slightly increased the MOR and parallel-to-grain compression strength compared with untreated samples. However, treated samples retained higher strength properties than untreated ones. The modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and parallel-to-grain compression strength of treated samples at radial orientation were respectively 20%, 31% and 62% higher than those of untreated samples after one year’s outdoor exposure. Weathering adversely influenced the surface quality of the specimens for all exposure times.
EN
In this study, silica-based organic-inorganic hybrids were prepared using sol-gel methods. A new kind of monomer (DHBA-TESPI) was derived by modifying the double hydroxyl groups of 3, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) with 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl isocyanate (TESPI) through the addition reaction. Then, the obtained compound and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were used as the inorganic and organic counterparts respectively. Coordination reaction between Tb3+ and the carboxylic groups of the monomer happen simultaneously. IR, NMR, UV/Vis absorption, low-temperature phosphorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the hybrids. The final materials exhibited strong green-colored fluorescence (Tb3+), which can be explained by the intramolecular energy transfer caused by coordination of the organic counterpart. The spectroscopic data also revealed that the triplet state energy of the organic ligand matches the emissive energy level of Tb3+.
EN
Modification by chemical agents affected the sorption capacities of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). We tried to characterize changes in sorption capacity of dried anaerobic sludge (DANS) after chemical modification by formaldehyde, methanol, and hydrochloric acid. Modified sludges were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, cation exchange capacity, and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) analysis. Maximum sorption capacities Qmax at pH 6.0 for Co²⁺ ions calculated from Langmuir isotherm model were 175±5 μmol/g for unmodified DANS, 170±2 μmol/g for CH₂O-modified DANS, 12±0.2 μmol/g for CH₃OH-modified DANS, and 15±0.3 μmol/g for HCl-modified DANS. Our paper established the crucial role of carboxyl functional groups against amino and hydroxyl groups in sorption process of cobalt ions.
EN
The article presents how to perform a chemical modification of the soluble sodium silicate with morphoactive, organic compounds. An attempt was made to determine the effect of chemical modifiers of the soluble sodium silicate on its physicochemical and structural properties. The kinetics of changes in the Zeta potential of a "chemically modified soluble sodium silicate - ester hardener" gelling system was described.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono sposób modyfikacji chemicznej uwodnionego krzemianu sodu za pomocą morfoaktywnych związków organicznych. Podjęto próbę określenia wpływu modyfikatorów chemicznych uwodnionego krzemianu sodu na jego właściwości fizykochemiczne i strukturalne. Opisano kinetykę zmian wartości potencjału Zeta żelującego układu "modyfikowany chemicznie uwodniony krzemian sodu - utwardzacz estrowy".
PL
Przeprowadzono chemiczną modyfikacje powierzchni polietylenu (PE) w celu zwiększenia jej energii i poprawy adhezji pomiędzy materiałem polimerowym a warstwa nowego absorbera fal elektromagnetycznych [10]. Układy materia! polimerowy/absorber fal elektromagnetycznych mogą zostać zastosowane do wytwarzania ekranów chroniących przed promieniowaniem elektromagnetycznym i ze względu na słabą adhezję absorbera do polietylenu konieczne jest zmodyfikowanie jego powierzchni.
EN
The effect of chemical modification of polyehtylene surface in order to increase the surface energy and adhesion properties was investigated. Increasing of surface energy is necessary to obtain sufficent bonding between polymer material and electromagnetic field absorber invented in Chemical Department of Wrocław University [10]. Polymers with layers of electromagnetic wave absorber could be used for the manufacturing of electromagnetic shields.
13
Content available Autocatalytic metallization of polylactide
75%
EN
In this work experimental results of a research aimed to provide the assessment of the ability of chemical modification to prepare polylactide (PLA) surface for autocatalytic metallization are presented. Chemical modification of PLA was performed using two solutions (1 and 2). Analysis of PLA samples was performed by means of goniometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results of contact angle measurements and surface energy calculations were presented. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of elemental composition of PLA surface layer was performed. Based on the experimental results, it was found that the proposed method can be successfully applied to prepare PLA surface for metallization. Autocatalytically deposited copper layer exhibited good adhesion to PLA and electrical conductivity.
PL
Zbadano możliwość wykorzystania modyfikacji chemicznej w procesie przygotowania powierzchni polilaktydu (PLA) do procesu autokatalitycznego metalizowania. Modyfikację chemiczną PLA przeprowadzono za pomocą dwóch roztworów (1 i 2). Próbki PLA zbadano metodami: goniometrii, mikroskopii sił atomowych (AFM), elektronowej mikroskopii skaningowej (SEM) i spektroskopii fotoelektronowej (XPS). Wykonano też pomiary kątów zwilżania oraz obliczenia swobodnej energii powierzchniowej, a także przeprowadzono jakościową i ilościową analizę składu chemicznego warstwy wierzchniej PLA. Wyniki badań wskazują, że zaproponowana metoda może być wykorzystana w procesie przygotowania powierzchni polilaktydu PLA do metalizowania. Uzyskana warstwa metaliczna charakteryzuje się dobrą wytrzymałością adhezyjną i dobrymi właściwościami elektrycznymi.
14
Content available remote Modified halloysite as a filler for epoxy resins
75%
EN
The modification methods of halloysite and further applications of the modified mineral as a filler for epoxy resins have been presented. The advantage of ultrasound treatment prior to chemical modification with an organic compound in order to obtain a hybrid filler was confirmed. The analysis of the composites obtained with the use of the modified halloysite (3-5 wt.% range) as a filler for epoxy resins indicates an improved interphase interaction and mechanical properties in comparison to the composites based on neat halloysite.
PL
Omówiono wpływ chemicznej modyfikacji siarczkowych koncentratów metali nieżelaznych na efektywność ich wykorzystania. Jako bazę wykorzystano podstawowe wskaźniki technologiczno-ekonomiczne uzyskiwane w czasie 5-letniej eksploatacji instalacji chemicznej modyfikacji siarczkowego koncentratu cynkowego w ZG Trzebionka oraz wyniki badań laboratoryjnych i kompleksowych testów półtechnicznych modyfikacji siarczkowych koncentratów pośrednich w ZWR rejon Lubin.
EN
The influence of chemical modification of non-ferrous metals' sulfidic concentrates of the effectiveness of their utilization, based on the technology- and economy-indexes gained during the 5-years' exploitation of the installation for chemical modification of the zinc-sulphide concentrate in ZG Trzebionka and on the results of labor-investigations and complex semi-technical tests with intermediate sulfide-concentrates in ZWR Lubin-region, is discussed in the paper.
EN
A method for the chemical modification of silicate binder (hydrated sodium silicate) affecting the distribution of its nanostructure elements was disclosed. The effect of silicate binder modification on the resulting technological properties of moulding sands, determined under standard conditions and at elevated temperatures in the range from 100°C to 900°C, was discussed. Modification of this type is done on inorganic binders in order to reduce their unfavourable functional properties. It is particularly important when moulding sands with the silicate binder are used for casting of low-melting alloys. Therefore special attention was paid to the impact that modification of inorganic binders may have on the knocking out properties of sands prepared with these binders, when they are used in the process of casting non-ferrous alloys.
PL
Przedstawiono sposób modyfikacji chemicznej spoiwa krzemianowego (uwodnionego krzemianu sodu) wpływającej na rozkład elementów jego nanostruktury. Omówiono wpływ modyfikacji spoiwa krzemianowego na uzyskane właściwości technologiczne masy formierskiej wykonanej z jego udziałem, określone zarówno w warunkach znormalizowanych, jak i w warunkach podwyższonej temperatury w zakresie od 100°C do 900°C. Zastosowanie tego rodzaju modyfikacji spoiw nieorganicznych ma na celu ograniczenie ich niekorzystnych cech użytkowych. Jest to szczególnie istotne w przypadku zastosowania masy formierskiej ze spoiwem krzemianowym do wytwarzania odlewów ze stopów metali charakteryzujących się małą wartością temperatury topnienia. Dlatego szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wpływ modyfikacji spoiw nieorganicznych na wybijalność mas z ich udziałem przy odlewaniu stopów metali nieżelaznych.
EN
Chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago was immobilized in Eupergit® C, a commercial mesoporous acrylic-based material. Due to low stability of the enzyme under neutral and basic pH, the usual covalent immobilization procedures cannot be applied to this enzyme. Several strategies were followed in order to achieve a stable interaction between the protein and the support. The support was efficiently functionalized with different reactive groups such as aromatic and aliphatic amines, glutaraldehyde, diazonium ions, and maleimide moieties; solvent-exposed amino acid residues in chloroperoxidase were identified or created through chemical modification, so that they were reactive under conditions where the enzyme is stable. Enzyme load and retained activity were monitored, obtaining biocatalysts with specific activity ranging from 200 to 25,000 U/g. The highest load and activity was obtained from the immobilization of a chemically-modified CPO preparation bearing a solvent-exposed free thiol group. This biocatalyst efficiently catalyzed the transformation of β-estradiol, an endocrine disruptor.
PL
Modyfikację chemiczną przeprowadzono za pomocą estrów kwasu maleinowego – maleinianu monoallilowego (MA), maleinianu monobutylowego (MB), maleinianu monododecylowego (MD) oraz tetrahydroftalanu monoalilowego (THFA). Modyfikacji poddano izotaktyczny polipropylen – Malen P, w części materiału badawczego wprowadzono substancję sieciującą – nadtlenek dikumylu (DCP) ). Zbadano wpływ tak przeprowadzonej modyfikacji na wytrzymałość na rozciąganie izotaktycznego polipropylenu w powiązaniu ze stopniem krystaliczności badanego materiału. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, iż dobór odpowiedniej reszty alkoholowej w monoestrach albo wbudowanie reszty butadienowej umożliwiają wpływanie na wytrzymałość na rozciąganie oraz właściwości sprężyste materiału i związany z tym poziom bezpieczeństwa technicznego elementów wykonanych z modyfikowanego polipropylenu.
EN
The chemical modification was carried out using esters of mmaleic acidmonoallyl maleate (MA), monobutyl maleate (MB), monododecyl maleate (MD) and monoallyltetrahydrophtthalate (THFA). Isotactic polypropylene was the object of modification – into the some samples dicumyl-peroxide (DCP) was also introduced. The effect of such modification on mechanical properties and degree of crystallinity was investigated. The most effective modifier was dodecyl maleate.
PL
Przeprowadzono chemiczną modyfikację aktywowanych włókien węglowych w roztworze CrO(3)-lodowaty CH(3)COOH, a następnie zbadano elektrochemiczne właściwości otrzymanego materiału elektrodowego w roztworze alkalicznym. Główną uwagę poświęcono aktywności elektrochemicznej modyfikowanych włókien w modelowej reakcji utleniania fenolu.
EN
Chemical modification of activated carbon fibres was carried out in Cr0(3) freezing CH(3)COOH solution and then electrochemical properties were investigated of the electrode material in alkaline solution. The main attention was paid to electrochemical activity of modified fibres in a model reaction of phenol oxidation.
20
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PL
Jednym z nowych rozwiązań technologicznych jest uzyskanie efektywnych folokulantów stosowanych w procesach oczyszczania ścieków na drodze modyfikacji chemicznej poprodukcyjnych odpadów żywicy fenolowo-formaldehydowej (nowolaku T). Zbadano właściwości flokulacyjne uzyskanych polielektrolitów typu anionowego. Badania przeprowadzono dla wód dołowych z kopalni "Wesoła" w Katowicach. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że modyfikowane odpady polimerowe wykazują dobre właściwości flokulacyjne, stosowanie ich nie tylko spowodowało spadek mętności, ale również zmniejszyło stężenia zanieczyszczeń rozpuszczalnych i poprawę parametrów jakości oczyszczanych ścieków.
EN
The latest technology is the chemical modification of wastes from production of phenol -formaldehyde resins (T nowolak) to produce effective flocculants which can be used during wastewater treatment. The flocculative properties of prepared anionic polyelectrolytes were studied. The analysis were performed on industrial water from "Wesoła" in Katowice coal mine. It was determined that modified polymer wastes have good flocculative properties, their usage decreased the turbidity, but it also decreased the concentration of dissolved contaminants and improved quality parameters of treated water.
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