Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Somatic Build of Rowers in the Period from 1995 to 2005

100%

Forjasz J.

Human Movement

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2011

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tom 12

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nr 1

46-56

EN

Purpose. The aim of the paper is an attempt to show the sizes of morphological features of rowers, in order to establish the type of body build proper for present requirements of this sports discipline through the determination of morphological features of the greatest importance in rowing including the type of a racing boat. Basic procedures. Analysed material includes competitors practising rowing, who were members of the Polish junior national team in this sports discipline in the period from 1995 to 2005. A group of 31 anthropometric measurements have been analysed; body composition has been measured by the BIA method, including rowing boat categories. Musculature rate for each participant was calculated on the basis of chosen somatic indicators. Collected material has been elaborated with basic statistical methods. Main findings. Rowers are characterized by the significant height of the body, large body mass and a considerably slender figure at the same time. Characteristic features are: trunk with its large length and large circumferences, long upper and lower limbs, shoulders of medium broadness, narrow pelvis, flat chest. Big musculature of upper and lower limbs which classify competitors to the group of thigh-set limbed and the considerable stoutness of the body, expressed with the thickness of skin-adipose folds, with the proportional fat content, are also characteristic features. Analysed teams show the differentiation depending on types of racing boats, with achieving larger mean features by the crew of oars, at the greater proportional participation of the fat in the general body mass. Conclusion. Competitors doing rowing at the high level of sports advancement must accomplish the criteria of morphological build, and the level of these requirements is adapted to the specificity of this sports discipline and types of racing boats.

2

No effect of birth month or season on height in a large international sample of adults

100%

Kramer R. S. S.

Anthropological Review

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2016

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tom 79

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nr 2

211-215

EN

Although several studies in recent years have provided evidence of a relationship between month of birth and height during childhood, the association remains less clear for adult (final) height. Here, I investigated this relationship using a large international sample of adult actors. Analyses considered both the sample as a whole, as well as subsamples based on nationality, and treated men and women separately. In all instances, I found no relationship between birth month or season and height, even after controlling for year of birth. This may be due to the particular nature of samples of actors, who are taller than the general population, or could suggest more broadly that birth month effects are minimal or absent in adults.

3

Somatic Profile of Competitive Sport Climbers

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Tomaszewski P. , Gajewski J. , Lewandowska J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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tom 29

107-113

EN

Since rock climbing grows in popularity, the number of the respective scientific reports increases. However, those concerning anthropometric profile of elite climbers are scarce and inconsistent, thus the aim of the study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics of competitive sport climbers. Male rock climbers (n = 21) aged 17 - 29 years took part in the study; their climbing ability ranged from 6b to 8c in the French scale. Body height, body mass, arm span, length and girths of both extremities, shoulder and pelvis widths, as well as thickness of 5 skinfolds were determined. From these, body mass index (BMI), body fat content and selected anthropometric indices were calculated. Data collected for climbers were compared with those of untrained students (n = 165) of Warsaw Technical University. Although no between-group differences were found for body height, body mass, BMI or body fat content, the climbers exhibited significantly (p<0.001) lower pelvis-to-shoulder ratio, longer lower extremities (p<0.05), and greater arm length and arm span (p<0.001) compared to untrained students. The results of this study do not support the view that climbers are small in stature and of low body mass. It seems that the core of the issue is not in body size but rather in specific body proportions and this may be of great importance in selecting subjects to competitive sport climbing.

4

Model of the Arm Manipulator in the Process of Spastic Limb Rehabilitation

100%

Tutak J. S.

Machine Dynamics Research

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2013

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tom Vol. 37, No. 1

99-106

EN

The article presents a model of the arm manipulator of spastic upper limb rehabilitation. It was based on a task dynamics analysis. As a result of the disease, upper limb does not function properly and does not perform the desired movement. It is a result of small damage of brain which is based on neurological substrate. In order to return the patient to movement ability, the rehabilitation involves on reconstruction of lost movement patterns, through prolonged repetition of limb movement exercises. In traditional way, this type of exercise, carried out by a physiotherapist. Nowadays it is done with the help of modern mechatronic solutions. Data and the proposed mathematical model presented in the article will allow for the development of guidelines for the future manipulator for upper limb rehabilitation. This information allowed us to develop a solution to eliminate spastic forces in muscles on arm, forearm and hand. They can also be a contribution not fully audited and described in the literature characteristic of the upper limb muscle contracture - spasticity

5

Changes in body proportions of children and adolescents from Rzeszów during a 35-year period from 1978/79–2013/14

100%

Lidia Perenc L. , Anna Radochońska A. , Joanna Błajda J.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

|

2018

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nr 4

26-282

EN

Introduction. Environmental conditions have been changing over the years and the body’s capacity to adapt affects human development, its growth and typogenesis. Aim. To confirm the secular trend in the population of children and adolescents aged 4 to 18 from Rzeszów in the last 35 years in terms of growing and differentiation body proportions. Materials and methods. In 2013/2014, a total of 1,563 children from Rzeszów were examined. The length of the trunk, the upper limb, the lower limb, the width of the shoulders and the width of the hips were measured and the following indices were calculated: trunk length, upper limb length, lower limb length, inter-limb, hip-shoulder and shoulder width. The data was subjected to statistical analysis and compared to the data collected in 1978/79, 1993/1994 and 2003/2004. Results. During the 35-year period, the following symptoms were observed: elongation of upper and lower limbs in both sexes, increase in shoulder width in boys from 15-18 years of age, and in girls generally in the entire examined age, tendency to decrease in hip width in both sexes in most age classes. Conclusions. The secular trend in the population of children and adolescents aged 4 to 18 from Rzeszów in the last 35 years regarding growth process and differentiating body proportions was confirmed.

6

The Use of Thermal Imaging in the Evaluation of the Symmetry of Muscle Activity in Various Types of Exercises (Symmetrical and Asymmetrical)

100%

Chudecka M. , Lubkowska A. , Leźnicka K. , Krupecki K.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2015

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tom 49

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nr 1

141-147

EN

In order to achieve higher efficiency of training and thus better athletic performance, new research and diagnostic methods are constantly being developed, particularly those that are non-invasive. One such a method is thermography, suitable for quantitative and therefore objective evaluation of variables, such as changes in the temperature of the skin covering working muscles. The aim of this study was to use a thermal imaging infrared camera to evaluate temperature changes of symmetric body surfaces over symmetrically working muscles of male scullers after exercising on a two-oared rowing ergometer and compare these to asymmetrically working muscles of handball players after an endurance training session containing elements of an actual game. In the scullers, the mean temperature of body surfaces was always lower post than pre exercise, with no significant differences in an average temperature drop between the opposite sides, indicating that the work of the muscles involved in the physical exertion on the rowing ergometer was symmetrical. In contrast, in the handball players, skin temperatures in symmetric areas over the asymmetrically working muscles showed statistically significant differences between sides, which was associated with the functional asymmetry of training. This study indicates that thermal imaging may be useful for coaches in the evaluation of technical preparations in sports in which equal involvement of symmetric muscles is a condition of success, e.g. in scullers.

7

The relationship between anthropometry and ankle-brachial index with blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Community Health Center in Medan, Indonesia

100%

Rina A. , Burhan B. B. , Aznan L.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2018

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nr 4

307-312

8

Anthropometric, Physiological and Performance Characteristics of Elite and Sub-elite Fencers

100%

Tsolakis C. , Vagenas G.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

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tom 23

89-95

EN

The present study aimed at investigating the differences in selected anthropometric, strength-power parameters and functional characteristics of fencing performance between elite and sub-elite fencers. Thirty-three fencers (18 females and 15 males) from the Greek National Team, (age 19 ± 3.5 yr, body height 175.6 ± 7.6 cm, body mass 66.1 ± 9.1 kg, systematic training 8.4 ± 2.9 yr) were classified as elite and sub-elite, according to their international experience. Subjects underwent a detailed anthropometric assessment and performed selected leg power and fencing-specific tests. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in sitting height, triceps, subscapular, and quadriceps dominant skinfold thickness, absolute and body mass-dependent expressions of leg functional power characteristics of fencing performance: "time of lunge" and time of the "shuttle test". Anthropometric traits, such as height, body mass, percent fat and limb length were not different among elite and sub-elite fencers. Although technical and tactical factors are good indicators of fencing success, the observed differences in functional fencing performance tests among different levels of fencers are useful for the design of effective talent development and training-conditioning programs for competitive fencers.

9

Anthropometric Database for the Learning Environment of High School and University Students

100%

Dawal S. Z. M. , Zadry H. R. , Azmi S. N. S. , Rohim S. R. , Sartika S. J.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2012

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tom Vol. 18, No. 4

461--472

EN

This paper presents an anthropometric database of high school and university students from Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. Forty-one high school participants (21 males and 20 females), 13–17 years old, and 143 university students (74 males and 69 females) took part in the study. Twenty-one static body dimensions were measured. The greatest mean differences in the anthropometric data between male and female high school students were found in the sitting elbow height. In addition, a comparison of anthropometric data of male and female university students showed that data for males and females were significantly different, except for buttock–popliteal length, sitting elbow height and thigh clearance. The primary aim of this study was to develop an anthropometric database that could be used as a primary reference in designing products, devices and equipment for ergonomic learning environments.

10

Design of Mechatronic Standing Frame

100%

Tutak J. S. , Waltoś-Tutak B.

Machine Dynamics Research

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2014

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tom Vol. 38, No. 2

111-120

EN

Upright standing is a very significant part of the complex process of rehabilitation. It improves functions of cardio-vascular system. It prevents and helps in healing of contractures. It improves functions of psycho-condition of the patient. We will present a mechatronic standing frame. This device is designed to help people who have lost the use of their legs to stand up with seemingly little effort. The additional module is stimulation correct development of muscles, joints and skeletal system.

11

What Influences Race Performance in Male Open-Water Ultra-Endurance Swimmers: Anthropometry or Training?

100%

Knechtle B. , Baumann B. , Knechtle P. , Rosemann T.

Human Movement

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2010

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tom 11

|

nr 1

5-10

EN

Purpose. We investigated the relationship between selected variables of anthropometry and training with race performance during a 26.4 km open-water ultra-endurance swim at 23°C in male master ultra-swimmers. Basic procedures. Fifteen non-professional male open-water ultra-endurance swimmers who were (mean ± SD) 40.0 (8.2) years of age with 83.7 (10.3) kg body mass, 1.80 (0.08) m body height and a BMI of 25.5 (2.5) kg/m2 finished the race within the time limit. Body mass, percent body fat, thickness of 7 skin folds, body height, length of arm, and length of leg were measured prior to race. The number of years as active swimmer, average weekly training volume in hours and kilometres and average speed in training were recorded. The variables were then correlated to total race time. Main findings. Study participants had mean finish times of 551 (100) min and an average speed of 3.0 (0.5) km/h. Speed in swimming during training was the only variable related to total race time (r = -0.66, p = 0.0037) whereas none of the other investigated variables showed an association. Conclusions. We conclude that anthropometry was not related to race performance in these male ultra-endurance swimmers whereas speed in training showed a moderate association with total race time.

12

No Association Between Skinfold Thicknesses and Race Performance in Male Ultra-Endurance Cyclists in a 600 km Ultra-Cycling Marathon

100%

Knechtle B. , Knechtle P. , Rosemann T.

Human Movement

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2009

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tom 10

|

nr 2

91-95

EN

Purpose. In long-distance runners, an association between skinfold thicknesses and running performance has been demonstrated. Basic procedures. We investigated the relationship between skinfold thicknesses and race time in cyclists in an ultra-endurance cycling race. In 28 ultra-endurance cyclists at the ‘Swiss Cycling Marathon’ over 600 km, skinfold thickness at 8 sites was measured pre race. Single skinfold thicknesses, the sum of 8 skinfolds and percent body fat were correlated with total race time. Main findings. The cyclists finished within 1.596 (296) min riding at an average speed of 26.8 (5.7) km/h. There was no correlation between single skinfold thicknesses, the sum of 8 skinfold thicknesses and percent body fat with total race time. Conclusions. In male ultra-cyclists in a 600 km ultra-marathon, no correlation between skinfold thicknesses and race performance has been detected as demonstrated in long-distance runners.

13

Device for the Limb Rehabilitation

100%

Tutak J. S. , Waltoś-Tutak B.

Machine Dynamics Research

|

2014

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tom Vol. 38, No. 2

101-110

EN

Rehabilitation is a very important part of the patient convalescence after different types of diseases and accidents. The work presents the device for limb rehabilitation and proper arrangement of limb. Interdisciplinary and mechatronic approach to design were given the opportunity to prepare the universal concept of kinematic manipulator for limb rehabilitation.

14

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis of Body Composition and Muscle Mass Distribution in Advanced Kayakers

88%

Rynkiewicz M. , Rynkiewicz T.

Human Movement

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2010

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tom 11

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nr 1

11-16

EN

Purpose. The study aims at assessment of body composition and muscle mass distribution in advanced kayakers. Kayak paddlers should be characterized by large body mass with a significant percentage of muscle mass, especially in the trunk region. Basic procedures. The sample consisted of 26 kayakers. The body composition and muscle mass distribution were determined based on bioelectrical impedance analysis. Main findings. The subjects had large muscle mass and average fat mass. The percentage of body fat mass in the kayakers was observed to increase with age, whereas the muscle mass percentage decreased, with the exception of the limbs. Conclusions. BIA of body composition and distribution of muscle mass should be a standard diagnostic method to collect data on proper adaptation of kayakers to their training programs.

15

The Association Between Body Dissatisfaction and Nutritional Status in Adolescents

88%

Pelegrini A. , Petroski E.

Human Movement

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2010

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tom 11

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nr 1

51-57

EN

Purpose. This study analyzes the association between body dissatisfaction and nutritional status in adolescents. Basic Procedures. The study enrolled 234 boys and 442 girls. Information was collected on body image and anthropometry performed. Nutritional status was stratified into two categories: healthy (BMI: 18.5-25.0 kg/m2) and unhealthy (BMI: <18.5 and >25.0 kg/m2). Body image was coded as satisfied and dissatisfied. Main findings. It was found that 65.5% of adolescents were dissatisfied with their body image. While the girls wished to reduce their body silhouettes (48.4%), the boys wished to increase in size (51.3%). Unhealthy nutritional status was only associated with body dissatisfaction among the girls (95%CI = 1.35-3.43). Overweight girls were 11 times more likely to be dissatisfied with their bodies than normal weight girls. Conclusions. Nutritional status was a determinant factor for body dissatisfaction, primarily among female adolescents, since those whose nutritional status was unhealthy had different levels of dissatisfaction from those with healthy BMI.

16

Somatic and typological differentiation of first-year male and female students from the Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw

88%

Gryko K. , Kopiczko A. , Krawczyk K. , Maliszewska I. , Perkowski K.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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tom 28

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nr 4

5-14

EN

University education is a period of human life when lifestyles or person’s activity are critical to the development of somatic build, while identification of the somatotype allows for corrections or recommendation of effective physical activity programmes. The main aim of this study was to assess selected features of body build and to identify somatotypes of young people at early stages of education at Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw depending on the field of study. The study examined 394 students of physical education (PE) and sport (S). Anthropometric measurements were the main research method used in the study. Physical body build (somatotype) was identified using the Heath-Carter method. The ANOVA/MANOVA analysis of variance was employed to determine the significance of differences in values of anthropometric and somatic characteristics between the groups of students. Students of physical education were characterized by a somatotype with a code of 3.08-4.6-2.62 (endomorphic mesomorph). In students of sport, the somatotype code was 3.0-4.58-2.37 (endomorphic mesomorph). Compared to S students, significantly (p < 0.05) higher values (by 10.5%) of the ectomorphy component were found in PE students. The results revealed the need for more research into the somatic build of students of physical education, taking into account the changes in their living conditions (including socio-economic environment), since graduates are expected to promote physical activity in the future. It is also necessary to carry out identical research at the end of studies in order to evaluate the effect of university curricula on the somatic build of students.

17

Comparative Characteristics and Assessment of the Relations of Anthropometric Indicators and Motor Abilities of Girls’ Basketball Players 12-14 Years Old

88%

Chukhlantseva N. , Cherednichenko I. , Bruhno E.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2021

|

tom 33

|

nr 1

61-71

EN

Anthropometric indicators and motor abilities are significant components of the successful implementation of the physical potential of young basketball players. The aim of the study was to describe and compare anthropometric characteristics, indicators of physical and special preparedness for basketball players under the age of 12 and up to 14 years, to identify the presence and degree of relationship between these indicators in each group of athletes. Athletes (n = 50) were grouped in groups under 12 years (U12, 10.97 ±0.48 years; n = 24), and under 14 (U14; 12.96 ±0.49 years; n = 26), body height and body weight were measured, dexterity and indicators of special preparedness were tested and compared (“Throws into the basket from different positions”, “Free Throws”, “Ten eights”). U12 players showed lower performance than the U14 group in all tests except the “Free Throws” test. All athletes showed astrong correlation between jumping and dexterity (p < 0.01). The U14 athletes showed astrong (p < 0.01) and moderate (p < 0.05) relationship between the indicators of special preparedness. Assessment of indicators of physical development, physical and special preparedness of athletes, the study of the relationship of these indicators at different periods of ontogenesis will help rationally differentiate training loads, emphasize pedagogical influences and optimize the training process.

18

Anthropometric Profile of Male Amateur vs Professional Formula Windsurfs Competing at the 2007 European Championship

88%

Cortell-Tormo J. , Pérez-Turpin J. , Cejuela-Anta R. , Chinchilla-Mira J. , Marfell-Jones M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2010

|

tom 23

97-101

EN

This study aimed to describe the current anthropometric profile of Formula Windsurf competitors during the 2007 European Championships and establish a set of reference values useful for future investigations on player selection, talent identification, and training programme development. Fourty-five male participants (mean age 30±9.77 years; body height 182.04±6.3 cm; body mass 81.67±7.35 kg) were selected for the anthropometric profile, including 15 which the International Windsurf Association had defined as professionals. The anthropometric profiles included measurements of skinfolds, segment lengths, breadths, and girths. Somatotype measurements were also calculated into the equation. The male professional windsurfers had larger length, breadth, and girth measurements than their amateur counterparts. The three somatotype components showed that both groups were predominantly mesomorphic, but the professionals were more ectomorphic than endomorphic, whereas the amateurs were slightly more endomorphic than ectomorphic. The descriptive analysis of the anthropometric data provide relevant information concerning the morphological indicators of competitive success in this sporting discipline.

19

Comparison of two approaches for calculation of the geometric and inertial characteristics of the human body of the Bulgarian population

88%

Nikolova G. , Toshev Y.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2008

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tom Vol. 10, nr 1

3-8

EN

On the basis of a representative anthropological investigation of 5290 individuals (2435 males and 2855 females) of the Bulgarian population at the age of 30–40 years (YORDANOV et al. [1]) we proposed a 3D biomechanical model of human body of the average Bulgarian male and female and compared two different possible approaches to calculate analytically and to evaluate numerically the corresponding geometric and inertial characteristics of all the segments of the body. In the framework of the first approach, we calculated the positions of the centres of mass of the segments of human body as well as their inertial characteristics merely by using the initial original anthropometrical data, while in the second approach we adjusted the data by using the method based on regression equations. Wherever possible, we presented a comparison of our data with those available in the literature on other Caucasians and determined in which cases the use of which approach is more reliable.

20

Somatotype of Competitive Youth Soccer Players From Brazil

88%

Fidelix Y. L. , Berria J. , Ferrari E. P. , Ortiz J. G. , Cetolin T. , Petroski E. L.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2014

|

tom 42

|

nr 1

259-266

EN

The aim of this study was to identify the morphological configuration of youth athletes from professional soccer clubs and to verify their differences according to the tactical position on the field. Overall, 67 male players aged 15 to 17 years were evaluated. The examined anthropometric measurements included body mass, body height, skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, supraspinal and medial calf), girths (flexed and tensed arm and calf) and breadths (humerus and femur). For statistical purposes, analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. We concluded that goalkeepers were heavier and taller than center backs (p = 0.015 and p = 0.001), midfielders (p = 0.005 and p <0.001) and center forward players (p = 0.024 and p <0.001). The average somatotype for defense, forward and goalkeeper positions was a balanced mesomorph. Midfield players showed ectomorphic-mesomorph characteristics. It was concluded that goalkeepers were characterized as being taller and heavier and that somatotype features of athletes were similar between positions, except for midfield players