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Content available Roztwor glebowy i metody jego pozyskiwania
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EN
Different methods concerning the technics of soil solution obtainment and their classification are presented. It is indicated that the "real" soil solution can be obtained only in this methods in which the constant level of moisture was kept. There are above all, the diplacement, centrifuge and suction methods and their modifications. This methods allow to obtain the similar chemical composition of soil solution. Differences between methods concern only the quantity of solution and the time of the procedure analysis. It is possible to use this methods to work out the computer models of soil solution - realistic imitation of soil solution in situ. Other methods, above all field methods and extraction methods, allow to obtain the soil solution but its chemical composition is not "real".
EN
The influence of different acidity levels of the soil on the composition of the soil solution was studied. The soil samples were randomly taken throughout Poland. The soil solution was separated using the suction method. The relation between the soil acidity and the concentration of ions in the soil solution was determinated by linear regression. The analysis indicated a positive correlation between the soil acidity and the concentration of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ and a negative correlation between soil acidity and the concentration of Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ in the soil solution. However, the concentration of K⁺ and Na⁺ wasn't linked with the soil acidity. Regarding anions, a positive correlation was found between pH and concentration of HCO₃⁻ and HPO₄⁻. On the other hand the soil acidity had no influence on the concentration of Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻. On the acid soils, the ratios of Mg:K, Ca:K, Ca:Al ions, in the soil solutions were narrow, but in the conditions of higher pH the rations were broader. Only the ratio Ca:Mg was influenced in an opposite way. It was also observed that with increasing soil acidity, the total concentration of ions in the soil solution decreased.
EN
The aim of this research is to present the changes in the concentration of basic cations and anions in soil solutions as well as the relationship between ions, which were formed in the soil solutions as a result of different ways of fertilization. A long-term experimental way of fertilization was applied in this research. Changes in the concentration of soil solution were induced not only by the addition of the components of fertilizer, but also by desorption of cations from the sorption complex by nitrogen and potasium fertilizers. The use of farmyard manure and fertilizers as well as the addition of lime significantly changed the chemical composition of the soil solution as well as the relationship between ions.
PL
Celem pracy jest przedstawienie zmian stężenia podstawowych kationów i anionów roztworu glebowego, oraz wzajemnych relacji między jonami, które ukształtowały się w roztworze glebowym w efekcie różnego sposobu nawożenia. Do badań wykorzystano trwałe doświadczenie nawozowe. Zmiany stężenia roztworu glebowego są powodowane nie tylko wnoszeniem składników nawozowych ale także desorpcją kationów z kompleksu sorpcyjnego przez nawozy azotowe i potasowe. Nawożenie mineralne, organiczne i wapnowanie w istotny sposób zmieniło skład chemiczny roztworu glebowego i wzajemne relacje między jonami.
EN
On the basis of literature studies the influence of some soil and fertilizer factors on the concentration of micronutrients in a soil solution was characterized in this paper. Concentration of micronutrients in soil solution is a very significant soil property which may considerably affect their deficit or toxicity. Discussed concentration of the components in soil solution is controlled by the soil solid phase because the ions contained in soil solution remain in equilibrium with dissolved free salts, adsorbed salts, precipitated compounds and exchangeable ions. Thus, the quantity of a component in soil solution is dependent not only on its total content in the soil but also on physico-chemical soil properties and different processes and reactions occuring in the soil.
PL
W pracy przeanalizowano wpływ nawożenia mineralnego, obornika i wapnowania na dynamikę stężenia NH₄⁺ i NO₃⁻ w roztworze glebowym w okresie wegetacji. Do badań wykorzystano trwałe doświadczenia nawozowe na glebach lekkich. Próbki glebowe pobierano trzykrotnie w ciągu dwóch okresów wegetacji. Roztwór glebowy otrzymano metodą podciśnieniową. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że zarówno obornik, jak i wysokie dawki potasu zwiększają stężenie NH₄⁺w roztworze glebowym a nie wpływają na stężenie NO₃⁻. Poziom stężenia NH₄⁺ w roztworze glebowym przez całą wegetację był znacznie wyższy niż stężenie NO₃⁻ co wskazuje na występowanie na glebach lekkich warunków ograniczających nitryfikację. Analiza wyników wskazuje, że pomiar stężenia azotu mineralnego a w szczególności azotanów po zbiorze roślin można wykorzystać do oszacowania ryzyka wymywania pozostałości azotu mineralnego z gleby.
EN
In the study the dynamics of NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ ions concentration in soil solution during vegetation period in correlation with fertilizing, manuring and liming is analysed. For the investigations the long- term feld experiment on light soils was used. The soil was sampled three times during two vegetation periods. The soil solution was obtained by suction method. The results indicate, that both manuring and high doses of potassium increased the amonium ion concentration in soil solution. The nitrate ion concentration didn't change in these conditions. The level of NH₄⁺ ion in soil solution was much higher than concentration of NO₃⁻ This result indicates that the conditions for nitrification process on the light soils are restrictive. The measurement of Nmin concentration in soil solution, and NO₃⁻ ion in particular after yields harvesting can be the basis for risk evaluation of Nmin residues leaching.
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