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EN
The article presents an analysis of properties of welded joints of fine-grained steel of P460NH type used more and more often in the modern constructions. A process of examining a technology of welding has been carried out on the thick-walled butt joints of sheet metal by two methods of welding namely MAG – 135 and SAW – 121. The article deals with a topic of optimizing a process of welding thick-walled welded joints of fine-grained steel due to their mechanicalproperties and efficiency
EN
The paper presents spatial variation in floristic indices in the mediumsize valley of the San River. Indices of species richness and synanthropization rates were calculated for 366 1 x 1 km cartogram squares. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationships between individual indices. Species richness in individual basic plots ranges from 102 to 391, with a mean of 248. The share of anthropophytes ranges from 0.9% to 35.5% , with a mean of 18.1%. In general, the flora of the present valley floor is characterized by a higher species richness and a higher anthropophytization rate than glacial terrace. There was a positive correlation between species richness and the number of anthropophytes present, but no correlation between species richness and the anthropophytization rate. In individual basic plots, their values can be very divergent.
8
Content available remote Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Low-Density Couplants in Ultrasonic Tests
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EN
The article presents the analysis of the effectiveness of acoustic feedback required in ultrasonic contact tests. The analysis included low-density couplants, the use of which aimed to provide the most effective transfer of the beam of ultrasonic waves from the probe to an element subjected to an ultrasonic test. The tests were performed using a normal probe emitting longitudinal waves and an angle probe emitting shear waves. The tests involved the use of standard specimens as well as steel specimens having various test surfaces.
PL
Przedstawiono analizę skuteczności sprzężenia akustycznego wymaganego w badaniach ultradźwiękowych kontaktowych. W analizie uwzględniono środki sprzęgające charakteryzujące się małą gęstością mające na celu jak najskuteczniejsze przeniesienie wiązki fal ultradźwiękowych z głowicy do elementu badanego. Badania przeprowadzono głowicą normalną fal podłużnych i kątową fal poprzecznych na próbkach wzorcach oraz próbkach stalowych o różnych rodzajach powierzchni badania.
13
Content available remote Evaluation of the Effectiveness of High-Density Couplants in Ultrasonic Tests
100%
EN
The article presents the analysis of the effectiveness of acoustic feedback required in ultrasonic contact tests. The analysis included high-density couplants, the use of which aimed to provide the most effective transfer of the beam of ultrasonic waves from the probe to an element subjected to an ultrasonic test. The tests involved the use of standard specimens nos. 1 and 2 and special steel specimens having various test surfaces. The tests were performed using a normal probe emitting longitudinal waves and an angle probe emitting transverse waves.
PL
Przedstawiono analizę skuteczności sprzężenia akustycznego wymaganego w badaniach ultradźwiękowych kontaktowych. W analizie uwzględniono środki sprzęgające charakteryzujące się dużą gęstością mające na celu jak najskuteczniejsze przeniesienie wiązki fal ultradźwiękowych z głowicy do elementu badanego. Badania przeprowadzono głowicą normalną fal podłużnych i kątową fal poprzecznych na próbkach wzorcowych nr 1 i 2 i specjalnych próbkach stalowych o różnych rodzajach powierzchni badania.
EN
The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that the process of the EU enlargement is a civilization process, not susceptible to simple political evaluations. Purely economic benefits are here of minor importance and further enlargement will face various barriers ( which can be observed in the case of Turkey ) unless the EU is able to work out a clear definition of an 'European character'. It seems that on May 1, 2004 the European Pandora's box broke and the process of the Union enlargement started whose end and the final form are difficult to predict. A lot of arguments indicate that before that date the 'old countries' of the Union considered the enlargement as a natural unification of the countries representing similar cultural identity. After the date and the accession of 10 new countries from Central and Southern Europe the 'old countries' saw the enlargement as a civilization clash expressed by Jacques Chirac who talked about the new countries as those which 'did not take their chance to keep quiet'. The situation is becoming more and more complicated and it is difficult to mark the borders of the 'new' Europe of 25 members and decide where the 'newer' Europe boarding 'even newer' Europe begins. Before the accession of the Central and Eastern European countries the EU successfully used the arguments of economic and social delay of the countries aspiring towards the EU membership as a barrier for enlargement. However, after the new ten countries joined the EU the argument can no longer be used. Croatia does not represent a lower level of development than Poland or Hungary. Accession treaties with Romania and Bulgaria show that the EU does not close its doors for the Balkan countries which so far have been looked upon as exotic countries. Their levels of development are not very different from those represented by Turkey, Serbia or Montenegro.
EN
The aim of the paper is to emphasize the specific features of Islam which distinguish it from other great civilizations of the contemporary world and which cause that Islam is treated like a separate formation different from the others regardless of the fact whether you look at it from the eastern or western part of the world. The analysis conducted by the author has a textual character and refers directly to the most important thoughts included in the book by Edward Said 'Orientalism' and especially - in the light of his critical approach to the methodology of research concerning extra - European civilizations. He indicates the essence of this criticism which has its source in the deficit of demand for reliable analysis of the phenomenon of Orient - so varied and - yet so different from the West. The author draws two conclusions: 1) Islam is an indirect hybrid-like civilization, oriental in its nature yet in the form similar to Mediterranean tradition which is close to the West ; 2) Islam like the West and unlike the other civilizations of Asia is a complete formula which is not only a religion but also a complete legal and state system in which religion is an instrument to keep social order. The West would cease to be the West if it stopped protecting individual human rights. Similarly, Islam would melt away if it stopped protecting its dominant principle of class-free formula of justice and its rigorous law of shariat which shapes everyday life of a pious Muslim. The author concludes that it is this complete but anti-western legal system which forms the major barrier for including the Muslim areas of Africa and Asia in the process of globalization.
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