Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF VALUES (SYSTEM OF VALUES OF PRE-MODERN WORLD OF SLOVAK VILLAGE)

100%

Danglova O.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2005

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tom 53

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nr 4

361-381

EN

The contribution deals with the value as a topic in the social sciences discourse.The authoress concentrates on a group of questions concerning the transformation of values as a result of modernisation, the on-going globalisation and, in the Slovak context, a post-communist transformation. She mentions the place given to the research into values by Slovak ethnography and stresses that despite the fact that there are only few earlier research studies concerning the issue of values, some of them have delivered large numbers of precious facts enabling to draw a picture of cultural standards based on the ideas, phenomena, objects, etc. Thus, these earlier ethnographic works might serve as a 'starting point' for the development of the topic - the process of constituting values in the pre-modern pre-industrial world of the Slovak countryside. Although the 'pre-capitalist world' of Slovak small towns and villages was slowly dying away at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries (at certain places only in the first half of the 20th century), it was still an omni-present principle of the Slovak micro-cosmos. Concentrating on a corpus of empirical data of the village of Cicmany it was also possible to draw a picture of the village and its inhabitants, and then seek to interpret what values they had, how these values related to how they could satisfy their material and partially also non-material spiritual needs, or whether the local people had their own concept of what was desirable in their social environment. Obviously the approaches to the assessment of their own values reflected the features of a pre-modern society, others changed during capitalist, socialist and post-socialist processes of modernisation. The authoress has highlighted cultural aspects of pre-modernity, which still had a great influence on the everyday life of the village of Cicmany at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In his everyday life, a villager of the pre-modern world, preoccupied by his worries about getting his everyday living, had much respect for standards, conventions and authorities. He firmly stuck to an idea that the division line between the good and the evil was predetermined. He judged events and actions according to whether they complied with what the usual state of affairs should be. Any deviation from the accepted norm caused dissatisfaction, criticism, or was taken as an offence against morality. In this context, an easier way to being knowledgeable of traditionalist pre-modern world values leads through an identification of negative attitudes rather than positive ones. They seem to be more clearly expressed in a disapproval of certain events, phenomena, actions, and objects which do not compare with habits and expectations than in an approval of them.

2

KOLEKTÍVNE VÝSKUMY ĽUDOVEJ SLOVESNOSTI V DRUHEJ POLOVICI 20. STOROČIA. PRÍSPEVOK K DEJINÁM ETNOLÓGIE NA SLOVENSKU

100%

Kiliánová G.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2011

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tom 18

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nr 1-2

24 – 35

EN

The article deals with the history of ethnology in Slovakia from late 1950s to the 1960s. The author investigates the development in the scientific discipline under the influence of fundamental political, social and ideological changes after the communist seizure of power in 1948 in Czechoslovakia. She focuses her research on collective fieldworks devoted to the so called “partisan (guerrilla) folklore”. The empirical data which describe this fieldwork activity show the research strategies of institutions and scholars during the period of penetration of the communist ideology into the discipline and the orientation of Slovak ethnology on the Soviet ethnographic schools.

3

THE CULT OF THE HILL OF CROSSES AS THE SIGN OF POLES AND LITHUANIANS FIGHTING FOR THE FREEDOM OF FAITH AND NATIONALITY

100%

Motuzas A.

Lud

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2004

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tom 88

91-104

EN

There are countries in the world where Catholicism has struck deeper roots than in Lithuania. Nevertheless, you will never meet such piety of folk and such expression of spirituality that exist in the Cross Hill. A lot of people respect the Hill of Crosses not only as a religious object, but also as the symbol of the nation's spirit, nationality and freedom. Historical, religious and geopolitical events influenced the birth of this nation.The aim of the research was to reveal the origin of the Hill of Crosses cult. The origin of this cult has been traced in folklore and history. The history of the Hill of Crosses began after the 1831 and 1863 Polish and Lithuanian uprisings against the power of the tsar.The conclusions confirm the hypothesis advanced at the beginning of the article, namely that the cult of the Hill of Crosses is the heritage of Polish Franciscan culture in Lithuania. It is not only the witness to how Poles and Lithuanians suffered and lost the fight for religious and national freedom, but at the same time it is the sign and promise of the victory of the Good against the bad. It is natural that in 2000 a Franciscan abbey was built nearby, which continues to spread the Franciscan culture.

4

POTATOES IN THE TRADITIONAL PEASANT FOOD

100%

Szelagowska G.

Lud

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2004

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tom 88

251-274

EN

Until the end of the 18th century cultivated plants - cereals and vegetables and various collected plants were the main source of food of rural population. Cereals were the main food - it was the source of flour and groats, the ingredients necessary to make different meals. Changes in the nutrition habits of rural population started in the second half of the 19th century, when potatoes became commonly grown in Poland. With time potatoes became the main food and replaced or even eliminated such common plants as turnip or swede (rutabaga). In this way they changed the consumer pattern in Polish villages. Potatoes were eaten almost every day, also on holidays. In some regions of Poland they became part of holiday meals, particularly Christmas Eve supper. Potatoes were cooked or baked (in jackets or peeled), boiled peeled, chopped or fried. They were added to borscht (beetroot soup) or 'zur' (soup made from fermented rye flour). They were used to prepare new dishes: stews (with vegetables, fruit or flour), soup, dumplings, pancakes, and pies. They were also added to bread dough, usually to speed up fermentation or to change or improve the taste of bread. Most often potatoes were used for this purpose during famine, poor harvest or pre-harvest period when food was scarce. Popularization of potatoes among the inhabitants of Polish villages was both positive and negative. Potatoes helped avoid malnutrition and hunger. But, because the area of land on which potatoes were grown was increased, the nutrition pattern of the rural population changed. Cultivation of some vegetables was abandoned, as a result of which some nutrients were eliminated from the diet. Furthermore, potatoes contributed to considerable consumption of vodka in Polish villages, since they were a distillery product that was cheaper than cereals.

5

INTERDISCIPLINÁRNE DIMENZIE SLOVENSKEJ ONOMASTIKY V KONTEXTE SLAVISTICKÝCH VÝSKUMOV

100%

Krško J.

Slavica Slovaca

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2013

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tom 48

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nr 1

3 - 8

EN

The author argues the significance of interdisciplinary research and co-operation among the different scientific branches when creating a complex image of scientific research. The author finds the common points with history, ethnology, dialectology, and folkloristics by means of the various examples of onomastic research done in Slovakia. The research results of the aforementioned sciences are a part of the broad pan-Slavonic research and they have become an important part of Slovak slavistics, too.

6

BUDOVANIE ELEKTRONICKÝCH DOKUMENTAČNÝCH A BIBLIOGRAFICKÝCH DATABÁZ V ÚSTAVE ETNOLÓGIE SAV

100%

Zajonc J.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2006

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tom 13

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nr 1

30-47

EN

The paper summarizes building electronic ethnological databases in the Institute of Ethnology of the SAS since the end of 1980s till the present time. The author considers the period from the first half of 1990s to be oriented on testing the ways of utilizing PCs in building of the databases of the ethnological data. During this period the workers of the Institute started to use the electronic databases to build electronic catalogues belonging to the archive funds of the Institute of Ethnology, to create the bibliography of Slovak ethnology and funds of electronic documents. The contribution characterizes single projects which had been realized in the Institute in the framework of the mentioned problems. In conclusion the author introduces the principles of the building electronic database of the ethnological information based on the experiences of the Institute of Ethnology.

7

VSTUP SLOVENSKA DO EURÓPSKEJ ÚNIE - VÝZVA PRE SLOVENSKÚ ETNOLÓGIU

100%

Kaľavský M.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2004

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tom 11

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nr 1

18-24

EN

After joining European Union the Slovak ethnology should present its attitudes towards topical and very substantial problems in the society with more stress. The author refers especially to extended absence of cultural behaviour (breadth in behaviour), domestic violence, lack of tolerance, racism, xenophobia, devastation of environment, redevelopment of the countryside, poverty, the study of new social groups (children from children's homes, displaced persons, handicaped persons, imigrants and emigrants, refugees, asylum applicants, etc.). Ethnology already started with the research in some of the above-mentioned areas and there exist some very interesting preliminary results. Last but not least very important is also the presentation of the cultural heritage.

8

EUGENIUSZ FRANKOWSKI: ETHNOLOGIST IBERIANIST. REMARKS OF AN OCCASIONAL BIOGRAPHER

100%

Tomicki R.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2006

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nr 29

17-21

EN

Interest in the Iberian aspect of the biography of Eugeniusz Frankowski (1884-1962), one of the most eminent Polish ethnologists of the first half of the 20th century, originated unexpectedly, thanks to a personal contact of the author with Professor Maria Frankowska, the widow of Eugeniusz. The author thus terms himself an 'occasional biographer', while the subject of his academic investigations he calls 'Iberica Frankowsciana'. The essay raises a number of questions concerning usefulness of biographical writings for the history of scholarship. It also deals with establishing limits to the biographer's inquires and a hierarchy of the detailed information he is gathering. The author believes that the biographer's duty is to present a portrait as complete as possible; moreover, biographies should be readable. Biographical writings on scholars belong to the history of scholarship sensu largo, including not only the history of ideas but also of people and institutions. Frankowski's career deserves an interpretation both in the frame of historiography of Polish-Spanish contacts and relations, and in the context of the history of Polish ethnology and Iberian studies.

9

FOLKLORISTIKA V SLOVENSKÉM NÁRODOPISE V LETECH 2003 - 2012

100%

Pospíšilová J.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 4

404 – 414

EN

This paper is concerned with the folkloristic studies published in Slovak Ethnology in the years 2003-2012. It traces their themes and proportionate share within the overall context of the journal. The coverage given to the modern study of communication and folklore genres turns out to be impressive. The meritorious level of folkloristic studies corresponds to the advertised rubric, and jointly they create an image of the level of Slovak folkloristics and the systematic work of the journal’s editorial collective.

10

Mužský brunclek na Rožnovsku – identifikace specifické varianty oděvní součástky

88%

Drápalová L.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2012

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tom 22

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nr 2

104 – 110

EN

Through geographical, historical, economical, social, and cultural influences, the traditional dress in Rožnov and its environs developed in a typical form of clothing, which differed from other types of Wallachian folk costume. Its appearance has been documented by written, picture and tangible sources since the late-18th century, as well as by expert literature. Nevertheless, a variant of men’s brunclek with different solution of the back part escaped the attention of the respondents and researchers. The author of this study identifies the above type of brunclek as a brunclek of Rožnov type with the double Princess cut of the back part. Based on comparing works in museum depositaries, the study offers the sight of making and using this different form of brunclek including the cut modification.

11

SLOVENSKÝ NÁRODOPIS JOURNAL ( Slovak Ethnology journal) OVER THE PAST FIFTY YEARS IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN PERIODICALS

88%

Uherek Z.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2004

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tom 52

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nr 1

53-65

EN

Surveying the fifty-year-long history of Slovenský národopis (SN), it is possible to speak first about its remarkable stability. During its whole existence it has retained a scientific bias as the overwhelming majority of the published texts has been based in empirical field research. A study of the traditional rural culture was soon complemented by research into the urban environment. A continually firm position, next to various elements of material culture, has been held especially by orally rendered practices. SN has also attempted to reflect world events and to reach beyond the territory of Slovakia. Articles relating to Poland, the Ukraine and the Czech Republic as well as issues concerning Roma culture have always been part of the publishing history of the journal. However, only gradually a growing number of studies devoted to other ethnic groups living in Slovakia, such as Germans and Jews, have began to appear. Nevertheless, even today, comparative studies of the Hungarian ethnic group are still very scarce. SN has always provided a space for international scientists to publish their articles. Although till 1989 it was exclusively open to those from the socialist countries, at present the spectrum of contributors to the journal is constantly growing. Even the period of the so-called normalisation in the 1970's strengthened its position. Over that period the theoretical reflection of the discipline was deepened and this may also be the reason why after 1989 SN attained a balance between texts on empirical material and theoretical and methodological reflections. Although the texts and examples taken from the Slovak environment prevail it is important that it contains articles from other countries, even of outside Europe. Most probably, their numbers will grow. A similar characteristic may be applied to 'Lud' and 'Etnografia Polska' journals. The study of cultural identity, nationalism, environment, cultural constructions of reality, and theoretical reflections have made SN fully comparable to, for instance, 'Ethnologia Scandinavica'.It is regrettable that the effectivity of SN is restrained because of the language generally used despite the fact that a selection of texts, or whole volumes of key importance are published in English or German. It is necessary to underline that the journal bears the marks of the publishing institution, which is exclusively oriented to scientific research because the researchers from the Institute for Ethnology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences are the most frequent contributors. In the 1990', although publishing results of scientific research, SN acquired traits of a social bulletin for the scientists community. The journal creators have exerted much effort to preserve continuity in scientific research and to search for coherence in a wide diversity of ethnological subjects.

12

REGIÓNY A REGIONALIZMUS V SLOVENSKEJ ETNOLÓGII DRUHEJ POLOVICE 20. STOROČIA

88%

Danglová O.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2011

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tom 18

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nr 1-2

15 – 23

EN

Monographic and cartographic methods of regionally oriented research studies belonged in Slovak ethnography and folkloristic to the most preferred and most frequently employed ones between the 1960s and 1980s. Their concepts were characterised by the prevailing orientation on rescue research into the relics of farmer ś culture defined spatially – from local communities at the lowest level up to the larger territorial units. Owing to their vicinity in space, they implied not only close relationship between them but even homogeneity of particular phenomena. Comparison and evaluation of these phenomena from a historical perspective became relevant components of the research. The impulse for conducting regionally oriented research was received from a strong regionalism in the Slovak rural areas, still perceptible in the second half of the 250the century and expressed by means of abundant regional and local forms materialised and visualised in housing, clothing, artistic expression, folklore and rituals.

13

Hlína jako stavební materiál (na příkladu středomoravské Hané)

88%

Novotný M.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2012

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tom 22

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nr 2

124 – 131

EN

The essay speaks about some aspects of mining and preparation of building materials used for constructions of earth buildings in Central Moravia, in the ethnographic area of Hana. Based on the sources of narrative nature and the literature, we have depicted the already extinct tradition within the above region. We pay attention to the way in which the raw material was extracted and processed in connection with the intended kind of bricklaying. In Hana, they used mainly the pre-shaped building units – clay lumps and unburnt bricks. The specific role of brickmakers and builders of earth buildings as well as their position within the village community are taken into consideration as well. The attention was paid also to themaintenance of these buildings, which was based on several acts repeated regularly in certain periodical intervals.

14

BIOGRAFICKÝ SLOVNÍK EVROPSKÉ ETNOLOGIE V KONTEXTU ČESKÉ A SLOVENSKÉ OBOROVÉ LEXIKOGRAFIE

88%

Válka M.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2010

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tom 17

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nr 1-2

98 – 107

EN

Special lexicographical publications are created by different fields of science along with general dictionaries and encyclopaedias. This is the case of ethnology since the times of its beginnings, which go back to the end of 18th century in Central Europe. In the beginning encyclopaedias about life and culture from the point of view of the whole world were the most popular. However, later publications dealing with national culture and culture of different European nations emerged. Formation of national state after the Word War I led to production of encyclopaedias, which were supposed to encourage national sovereignty in a new political background. After 1989 the concept of ethnography and folkloristics was substituted by the project of European ethnology. An effort to define new concept of ethnology and to set boundaries in relationship with other fields of science led to production of lexicographic publications, which were supposed to explain mentioned phenomena. Professor Richard Jeřábek from Masaryk University in Brno has been working on biographical dictionary of European ethnology since 2003. It contains 267 entries of personalities, who contributed to forming of European ethnology since 19th century.

15

DOBOVÉ PARADIGMY V KONTEXTE DEJÍN ÚSTAVU ETNOLÓGIE A SOCIÁLNEJ ANTROPOLÓGIE SAV (1946 - 1989): OD GENERÁCIE ZAKLADATEĽOV PO GENERÁCIU BUDOVATEĽOV

88%

Zachar Podolinská T.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2021

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tom 69

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nr 1

137 - 165

EN

The aim of this study is to offer a paradigmatic analysis of the development of the discipline – called predominantly “ethnography” and “ethnology” in the 20th century Slovakia – in the background of the history of its development within one of the key institutions in Slovakia where research is conducted – the Institute of Ethnology and Social Anthropology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (IESA SAS). It is extremely interesting in our case how, in a relatively short period of its existence, the institution under study reacted flexibly to changes in the political regimes and discursive paradigms which resulted in system changes. The changes in external settings forced the institution to interact and intervene, which was reflected in different intensities of reorganisation of the internal ecosystem in different periods. On the other hand, it is also possible to observe major resilience which enabled the institution to preserve internal consistency of its processes. In the case of the IESA SAS, we can rather speak of “micro-historical temporalities” (measured approximately over a period of individual decades) in the background of more general longue dureé processes (i.e. long-lasting and global historical changes) in which work teams, specific personalities at leadership positions as well as the external ecosystem were significantly engaged. Within the history of the institution, the study also observes the life and modus operandi of two important generations, denoting them, in terms of the metaphorical discourse, as the generation of founders(1950s and 1960s) and the generation of builders(1970s and 1980s).

16

COLLECTIVIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN SLOVAKIA AS A SUBJECT OF ETHNOLOGICAL AND MUSEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE 1950's (HISTORICAL/CULTURAL CONTEXT) (Kolektivizacia polnohospodarstva na Slovensku ako predmet etnologickeho a muzeologickeho vyskumu v 50. rok

88%

Slavkovsky P.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 4

419-444

EN

This study presents an ethnological reflection on the process of collectivization of the agriculture in Slovakia. The collectivization process represented a significant discontinuity in the way of life of the rural population that could not have been overlooked by the social sciences (ethnology and museology). However, the problem that both disciplines had been facing at that time was that they had not been involved primarily with that which is considered to be the substance of social science, that is, the search for new knowledge about the society in all of its aspects, but they were also under an ideological influence of the political elites. This is especially valid for the first stage of collectivization.

17

FOLKLORE AS A CONSTRUCT? (Folklor ako konstrukt?)

88%

Krekovicova E.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 2

162-175

EN

The contribution focuses on terminological as well as theoretical and methodological problems of research studies conducted at the turn of the millennia, which concerns the stating of the position of folkloristics, regarded as a constituent not only in ethnology but also in ethnomusicology, in the relation to ethnology (cultural constructs, folklore, narrativity, cultural heritage and European ethnology). The authoress pointed out that the specification of the term 'construct' from aspect of ethnology is still rather ambiguous.

18

FOLK EXPLANATIONS OF BLOODLANDS: THE MAP OF MASSACRES AND BESTIAL CRUELTIES

88%

Ramsak M.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 4

423 – 446

EN

Blood is not solely a body part and a medicinal substance; it’s likewise a metaphor for life. Blood as a social concept has mainly been explored as a symbol of kinship, genetic heritage and lineage, nationalism, race, taboo, in rituals, and blood donations. Besides that, ethnic or national survival is also written on the map with bloody place-names. When the soil is soaked with blood of patriotic defenders and endangering others, the collective memory creates new bloody geographical names. They record the evidence of historically important harsh events, remind us of heroic battles, neighbouring antagonisms, or, provide an insight into religious changes in the area. The stories of violent killings and bloodshed in defence of a country, enriched with fears, imagination and prejudices towards the bloodthirsty foreign invaders, such as Turks or French, upset people’s blood. Though the base kri, blood, Blut, krvav, blutig is proportionally rare in Slovene toponymics, these geographical names describe historic episodes of groups and a nation. The tales about the origin of bloody place-names and about the horrific blood spill, which stops the blood in the veins, became a part of the nation’s cultural heritage.

19

Hlína v konstrukcích panonského typu domu

75%

Novotny M.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2011

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tom 21

|

nr 4

298-303

EN

The study speaks about clay buildings in the areas along the Morava River and in the central Danube basin. It explains some archaeological finds, searching for their ethnological analogies. The building techniques using clay are analyzed in a more thorough way while their genetic context is observed. The hitherto oldest discovered technique in clay wall construction in the researched region presents a wheel structure of an Eneolithic building with weave walls roughcast with a thick layer of pugging stuff on both sides. According to some authors, this concerns the original constructional solution from which the basic building techniques for unburned clay used in load-bearing masonry developed. The first one is the technique of so-called ramming whose origin might be in the wheel construction provided with two parallel 'fences'. In accordance with this contention, we suppose the basis of the aforementioned way may consists in a clay mixture rammed into free space between a double-wall made from stones or palisade. Another construction is represented by building in layers that replaced the weave parts with clay material put on in layers, which - similarly to weave - had no supporting function. Moreover, the study describes constructions made from different types of so-called 'valky'. The last mentioned type of constructions describes the masonry with unburnt bricks, which are put dry on clay mortar - in contrast to the aforementioned building techniques working with wet material that dries in the masonry. The use of wet clay seems to be limiting - in the sense of technical possibilities. On the contrary, building use of bricks, i.e. exactly shaped construction materials, offers a higher number of options for the final use in a construction.

20

ETNOLOGICKÁ POLITIKA V ÉRE SOCIALIZMU V SRBSKU: ETNOGRAFICKÝ ÚSTAV SAVU

75%

Lukiċ - Krstanoviċ M.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2011

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tom 59

|

nr 4

401 – 412

EN

Ethnology in Serbia in the socialist era was reviewed through (re)interpretation of marked concepts, strategies and paradigms that had shaped the specific scientific policies. The object of this paper is to break down the historization of ethnology into specific problem units that had taken place through the processes of normativization, institutionalization and conceptualization of ethnology. The ethnological policies are analysed on the example of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA) over the period 1947- 1980. The establishing of the Institute, operation, realization of its tasks and objectives, as well as research and publishing production indicate the stratification and ambivalence of the phases of scientific policies.