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Tytuł artykułu

Saliva as a matrix for biomonitoring of occupational and environmental exposure to lead

Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Background: To evaluate whether salivary lead can be used as a surrogate for blood lead, and if so, over what concentration range. Methodology: Three saliva devices were evaluated and one chosen to undertake this project. Paired saliva and blood samples were collected from 89 UK lead workers. Lead concentrations were determined using ICP-MS. In addition, haemoglobin and ZPP levels were determined in the blood samples and albumin was determined in the saliva samples to investigate standardisation using protein adjustments. Results: The chosen saliva device gave low but consistent recoveries for lead in saliva and the blank levels were low. The mean +/- SD blood lead level was 19.9 +/- 14 μg/dl; the mean +/- SD saliva lead level was 19.1 +/- 32.5 μg/l for 89 workers. Log10-transformed data showed correlation of r=0.69. The protein adjustments did not improve the blood-saliva correlation. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that salivary lead measurement is feasible and correlated with blood lead levels, at least at occupational exposure levels, and may have value as a screening technique. Correlation may improve at environmental levels where exposures are generally more consistent and chronic, although this needs to be demonstrated in a genuine environmental population.
Słowa kluczowe
EN
Lead   saliva   blood   workers   icp-ms  
Wydawca

Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
1
Numer
1
Opis fizyczny
Daty
otrzymano
2014-06-19
zaakceptowano
2014-09-11
online
2014-10-03
Twórcy
  • Health and Safety
    Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK
  • Health and Safety
    Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK
autor
  • Health and Safety
    Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK
autor
  • Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical
    and Environmental Hazards, Didcot, OX11 0RQ
Bibliografia
  • [1] Miller S.M. Saliva testing--a non-traditional diagnostic tool.Clin Lab Sci, 1994, 7, 39-44.
  • [2] NTP (2012) MONOGRAPH ON HEALTH EFFECTS OF LOW-LEVELLEAD. National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Institutes of Health Available at: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/NTP/ohat/Lead/Final/MonographHealthEffectsLowLevelLead_prepublication_508.pdf (date accessed Nov 2013)
  • [3] Fewtrell L.J., Pruss-Ustun A., Landrigan P., Ayuso-MateosJ.L. Estimating the global burden of disease of mild mentalretardation and cardiovascular diseases from environmentallead exposure. Environ Res 2004, 94, 120-133.
  • [4] Koller K., Brown T., Spurgeon A., Levy L. Recent developmentsin low-level lead exposure and intellectual impairment inchildren, Environ Health Perspect 2004, 112, 987-994.
  • [5] CDC Low Level Lead Exposure Harms Children: A RenewedCall for Primary Prevention Report of the Advisory Committeeon Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention of the Centers forDisease Control and Prevention (2012). Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/ACCLPP/Final_Document_030712.pdf(Page: 11 date accessed Nov 2013)
  • [6] Wilhelm M.P.A., Rostek U., Begerow J., Schmitz N., Idel H., RanftU. (2002). Concentrations of lead in blood, hair and saliva ofGerman children living in three different areas of traffic density.Sci Total Environ, 2002, 297,109-118.
  • [7] Thaweboon S., Thaweboon B., Veerapradist W. Lead in salivaand its relationship to blood in the residents of Klity village inThailand. SouthEast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2005, 36,1576-1579.
  • [8] P’an A.Y.S. Lead levels in saliva and blood. J Tox Environ Health1981,7, 273-280.
  • [9] HSE (1997) Health and Safety Executive Biological monitoring inthe workplace: a guide to its practical application to chemicalexposure (HSG 167). HSE Books.
  • [10] Euser AM, Dekker FW, le Cessie S. A practical approachto Bland-Altman plots and variation coefficients for logtransformed variables. J Clin Epidemiol 2008; 61: 978-982.[WoS]
  • [11] HSE (2002) Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002 ApprovedCode of Practice and guidance. ISBN 978 0 7176 2565 6Available at: http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l132.pdf(date accessed Nov 2013)
  • [12] Brodeur J., Lacasse Y., Talbot D. Influence of removal fromoccupational exposure on blood and saliva lead concentrations.Toxicol Letters 1983, 19, 195-199.
  • [13] Koh D., Ng V., Chua L.H., Yang Y., Ong H.Y., Chia S.E., Cansalivary lead be used for biological monitoring of lead exposedindividuals?, J Occup Environ Med, 2003, 60, 696-8.
  • [14] Nriagu J. Lead levels in blood and saliva in a low-incomepopulation of Detroit, Michigan. Ind J Hyg Environ Health,2006, 209:109-121.
  • [15] Barbosa Jr F., Rodrigues M.H.C., Buzalaf M.R., Krug F.J., GerlachR.F., Tanus-Santos J.E. Evaluation of the use of salivary leadlevels as a surrogate of blood lead or plasma lead levels in leadexposed subjects, Arch Toxicol, 2006, 80, 633-637.
  • [16] Youravong N., Teanpaisan R., Chongsuvivatwong V. Salivarylead in relation to caries, salivary factors and cariogenicbacteria in children, Int Dental J, 2013, 63,123-129.[WoS]
  • [17] Costa de Almeida G.R., Freitas, C.U., Barbosa F., Tanus-SantosJ.E., Gerlach R.F.). Lead in saliva from lead-exposed andunexposed children. Sci Total Environ, 2009, 407, 1547-1550.[WoS]
  • [18] Costa de Almeida G.R., Freitas C.U., Barbosa F., Tanus-SantosJ.E., Gerlach R.F. Lead contents in the surface enamel ofprimary and permanent teeth, whole blood, serum, and salivaof 6- to 8-year-old children, Sci. Total Environ., 2011, 409,1799-805.[WoS]
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.-psjd-doi-10_2478_bimo-2014-0008
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