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1

From crisis to potential. Integrating natural heritage, landscape values and local identity into development strategy in the case of the town and municipality of Czerwińsk nad Wisłą

Małuszyński Marcin J., Pawluśkiewicz Bogumiła, Małuszyńska Ilona, Długozima Anna, Kosiacka-Beck Ewa, Rykała Ewa A.

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

|

2025

|

Nr 95 (tom 1)

123--147

EN

The implementation of sustainable development principles following Poland’s accession to the European Union requires reducing socio-economic disparities while preserving the natural capital. Therefore, it is important to identify areas that are in crisis and to propose for them a local development strategy strengthening the identity of ‘their environment’. Czerwińsk nad Wisłą is an example of a town that has a medieval origin and was once an important economic and cultural centre. At present, numerous pressing socio-economic issues are observed in the area, predominantly the demographic crisis, increasing unemployment, lack of initiatives to dynamise the town’s development. The aim of this study was to identify elements of the capital of the Czerwińsk nad Wisłą commune that could contribute to the development of a local development strategy. The study includes field analyses conducted within the commune boundaries to identify its natural, landscape, and urban planning assets. Supra-material values and Genius loci will also be analysed, as well as the expectations of various social groups on the basis of the area profile and surveys. The research will allow valorisation of the studied landscape, identifying places where values are concentrated as well as areas in crisis and in need of intervention. Research has shown that it is possible to develop scenarios for the growth of Czerwińsk nad Wisłą based on the capitalisation of its natural and cultural resources, as the condition of human capital remains a weak link. As a starting point for improving the security of preserving natural and cultural resources as well as public safety, It is proposed to undertake promotional activities intended to increasing the sales of local products by positioning them as a brand associated with the area’s natural and cultural heritage.

2

Restoration is an investment. Comparing restoration costs and ecosystem services in selected European wetlands

Strzęciwilk Karolina, Grygoruk Mateusz

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2025

|

no. 64

221--229

EN

Wetland restoration aims to restore key environmental functions to degraded ecosystems, but it comes with costs, which can hinder public acceptance of restoration. However, the benefits we gain from restoration can be valued higher than the costs of restoration, making restoration an investment. This study aimed to analyse the costs of wetland restoration projects implemented in selected European countries. We analysed 100 projects implemented between 1996 and 2019. Results showed increasing numbers of wetland restoration projects implemented in Europe since the early 21st century. The total budgets for wetland restoration projects rose in the years reviewed, increasing the average project budgets. The average cost of restoring 1 hectare of wetland in the 100 projects analysed was 9,084 EUR∙ha-1, which, including the amortisation rate of actions implemented to restore wetlands, allowed us to estimate the average unit cost of wetland restoration to 227 EUR∙ha-1∙y-1. Available information on the average values of ecosystem services provided by wetlands (estimated to be 4,011 EUR∙ha-1∙y-1) allowed us to conclude that the value of sustainably managed wetlands is from ten to fifty times higher than the average wetland restoration costs. Our findings indicate that wetland restoration should be considered an investment, as the revenue the society gains from reestablished wetlands outweighs the costs of their restoration. These findings contribute to the international discussion on wetland restoration’s role in boosting environmental and economic resilience, underscoring the need for regular restoration efforts to benefit ecosystems, economies, and societies.

3

Ecosystem disservices in urbanized areas – an economic and social perspective

Lorek Agnieszka, Lorek Paweł

Economics and Environment

|

2025

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No. 1

art. no. 997

EN

The purpose of the article is to classify ecosystem disservices according to their impact on the quality of life. The research consisted of the following steps: (i) review of the literature on ecosystem disservices, (ii) preparation of a survey questionnaire on the perception of ecosystem disservices in the local environment, (iii) conducting survey interviews using the CAWI technique among adult residents of Poland in July-September 2023, (iv) statistical analysis using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The results indicate a complex approach to ecosystem disservices. Differences are revealed for characteristics such as age, education and place of residence (urban/rural areas). A limitation for a comprehensive analysis of the problem is the relatively small number of publications addressing the topic of ecosystem disservices. As a result, the article focuses mainly on Polish socio-environmental conditions. The article can be useful for a wide range of stakeholders (local authorities, spatial planners and local communities).

PL

Celem artykułu jest klasyfikacja antyusług ekosystemowych według ich wpływu na jakość życia mieszkańców. Metoda badawcza składała się z następujących kroków: (i) przeglądu literatury dotyczącej antyusług ekosystemowych, (ii) przygotowanie kwestionariusza ankietowego dotyczącego percepcji antyusług ekosystemowych w lokalnym środowisku, (iii) przeprowadzenie wywiadów ankietowych techniką CAWI wśród pełnoletnich mieszkańców Polski w okresie lipiec-wrzesień 2023, (iv) analiza statystyczna przy pomocy statystyk opisowych i analizy korelacji. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na złożone podejście do antyusług ekosystemowych. Różnice ujawniają się w przypadku cech takich jak wiek, wykształcenie i miejsce zamieszkania (obszary miejskie/wiejskie). Ograniczeniem dla kompleksowej analizy problemu jest stosunkowo niewielka liczba publikacji poruszających tematykę antyusług ekosystemowych. Na skutek tego, artykuł koncentruje się głownie na polskich uwarunkowaniach społeczno-przyrodniczych. Artykuł może być przydatny dla szerokiego grona interesariuszy (władz lokalnych, planistów przestrzennych i społeczności lokalnych). Tematyka poruszona w artykule jest szczególnie istotna dla reorientacji polityk środowiskowych na poziomie lokalnym w obliczu zmian klimatycznych.

4

Estimation of natural values in the sustainable development of local government units as new phenomena of digital economy

Yakymchuk Alina, Baran-Zgłobicka Bogusława

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2024

|

z. 202

621--637

EN

Purpose: The article aims to discuss the use of digital tools, policy frameworks, collaboration, challenges, and future prospects related to natural values in the context of local governance. The main objective of this article is to explore the emergence and significance of natural values in the digital economy era and to examine how local communities are adapting to this phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach: The advent of the digital economy has brought about transformative changes in various sectors, including local governance. This paper explores the emerging concept of "Natural Values" in the context of sustainable development within local government units (LGUs). Knowledge of natural resources and their condition is also the basis for advertising and marketing activities. This should become an important argument for the development of tourism or other industries with less pressure on the natural environment. In connection with the digital transformation of the global economy, local self-government is also increasingly using digital technologies. Findings: The study embraced an adaptive approach, recognizing that the natural values represent a novel phenomenon in the digital economy era, encompassing the recognition, preservation, and utilization of natural resources and ecosystems for the benefit of society. From the point of view of protection of natural resources, complete and up-to-date information and its availability are necessary for solving most tasks. Lack of relevant knowledge can lead to incomplete protection of valuable natural objects and territories, or negligence in the field of technical infrastructure or negative economic activity can cause adverse changes in the state of natural resources. Research limitations/implications: The implications of this study underscore the importance of stakeholder engagement and adaptive management for effective integration. Practical implications suggest the need for policy coordination, capacity building, and innovative incentive mechanisms to foster harmonious coexistence between natural values of territories and economic development digitalization. Originality/value: This study delves into the evolving role of LGUs in harnessing natural values, fostering sustainable development, and contributing to the broader discourse on environmental preservation and economic growth. These results could be especially interesting for researchers whose studies are interdisciplinary.

5

Application of UAV and ground measurements for urban vegetation cooling benefits assessment, Wilanów Palace case study

Trzeciak Michał, Sikorska Daria

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2024

|

Vol. 33, No. 1

53--68

EN

This research at the Wilanów Palace, Warsaw, assesses urban greenery’s cooling impacts in a cultural heritage site using remote sensing and on-site measurements, highlighting vegetation’s importance in urban climate control. The study combines soil temperature data, UAV thermal imagery, leaf area index (LAI), LiDAR, and NDVI analyses. Findings demonstrate a strong link between vegetation density and temperature: UAV land surface temperature (LST) ranged from 26.8° to 47.5°C, peaking at 72°C, while ground-based temperatures were between 19.5° and 29.2°C, lowest in dense vegetation areas. The statistical analysis confirmed significant temperature differences across vegetation types, with higher LAI areas showing lower temperatures. These results validate the cooling effect of dense vegetation, emphasizing green spaces’ significance in urban climate regulation within cultural heritage sites. The study informs sustainable urban design and conservation, underlining the critical role of vegetation in improving urban microclimates.

6

Changes in air Water Vapour Pressure, Relative Humidity and Carbon Dioxide Concentration in Summer on the City Outskirts

Swoczyna Tatiana, Jastrzębska Justyna, Rosłon-Szeryńska Edyta

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 3

163--172

EN

Urban greenery contributes to improve air quality through carbon dioxide sequestration and to increase air humidity by transpiration. These processes are dependent on diurnal physiological activity of vegetation as well as its spatial distribution. In our study we aimed to find out (1) how urban greenery can change the atmospheric conditions during a day and (2) if there is a difference between a housing estate interior with abundant greenery and a wide street of heavy traffic. The examination was carried out a suburban district of Warsaw, in two sites of contrasting characteristics: in a street with heavy traffic during rush hours and in a housing estate nearby. Gas measurements were carried out using an infrared gas analyser included in a portable photosynthesis system on two sunny days in July 2021. On each day measurements of air water vapour pressure and atmospheric carbon dioxide were taken in both locations from early morning to the evening. The results showed that water vapour pressure in the air increased from ca. 12 to nearly 18 hPa from 6:45 a.m. to 9:00–9:30 a.m., respectively, and then gradually decreased until 7:00 p.m. on both measurement days. Carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere in the early morning hours exceeded 430–450 ppm and then decreased to 400 ppm or even less than 360 ppm depending on the day. We concluded that the site characteristics had not an important effect on relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration, but vapour pressure deficit was higher in the street.

7

Uwzględnienie wartości świadczeń ekosystemów w procesie decyzyjnym w obszarze gospodarki wodnej

Ciepłuch Rafał

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

|

2024

|

Nr 7-8

28--34

PL

W niniejszym artykule wskazuje się na główne cele jakim służy gospodarowanie wodami, negatywne skutki jakie każda antropopresja z tym związana za sobą niesie, korzyści związane z eksploatacją zasobów wód powierzchniowych i podziemnych oraz wartość świadczeń ekosystemów pozyskiwanych lub traconych w skutek prowadzonych działań hydrotechnicznych wraz z przykładowymi analizami przy doborze najkorzystniejszych wariantów.

EN

This article points out the main goals served by water management, the negative effects that any anthropopressure associated with it brings, the benefits associated with the exploitation of surface and groundwater resources, and the value of ecosystem services gained or lost as a result of hydro-engineering activities, along with sample analyses in selecting the most favorable options.

8

Diverse ecosystem services as a source of income in forestry – a comparison of selected European state forest enterprises

Kaliszewski Adam, Jabłoński Marek, Młynarski Wojciech

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 4

art. no. 867

EN

Current environmental and climate policies and societal expectations, which may lead to restrictions on timber harvesting in forests, may affect the sustainable forest management model, which is primarily based on revenue from timber sales. This problem could also affect the State Forest Holding (PGLLP) in Poland, which derives almost 90% of its income from timber sales. The paper discusses the possibilities of diversifying income sources in selected European state forest enterprises (Poland vs Bavaria and Lower Saxony in Germany and Austria) based on the concept of ecosystem services and their sale. The analysis is based on financial data from the annual reports of the analysed enterprises. The solutions applied in some countries show that revenues from the sale of ecosystem services other than timber can constitute an important part of the income of forest enterprises, and their experience could be utilised for the development of future strategies in State Forests.

PL

Obecna polityka środowiskowa i klimatyczna oraz oczekiwania społeczne, mogące prowadzić do ograniczenia pozyskania drewna w lasach, mogą wpłynąć na model zrównoważonej gospodarki leśnej, oparty przede wszystkim na przychodach ze sprzedaży drewna. Problem ten może również dotyczyć Państwowego Gospodarstwa Leśnego Lasy Państwowe (PGLLP) w Pol-sce, które prawie 90% swoich przychodów czerpie ze sprzedaży drewna. W artykule omówiono możliwości dywersyfikacji źródeł przychodów w wybranych państwowych przedsiębiorstwach leśnych w Europie (Polska na tle Bawarii i Dolnej Saksonii w Niem-czech oraz Austrii) w oparciu o koncepcję usług ekosystemowych i ich sprzedaży. Analiza opiera się na danych finansowych pocho-dzących z raportów rocznych analizowanych przedsiębiorstw. Rozwiązania zastosowane w niektórych krajach pokazują, że przychody ze sprzedaży usług ekosystemowych innych niż drewno mogą stanowić istotną część dochodów przedsiębiorstw leśnych, a ich doświadczenia można wykorzystać przy opracowywaniu przyszłych strategii w Lasach Państwowych.

9

Assessing Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Dynamic on Urban Climate Change in a Semi-Arid Region -Case Study of Agadir City (Morocco)

Idoumskine Ijjou, Aydda Ali, Ezaidi Abdelkrim, Ramouch Khawla, Ait Haddou Mohamed

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 4

172--187

EN

This research sought to assess historically the urban expansion of Agadir city in Morocco within the 35-year timespan (1984-2019), and the influence of those changes on the regulating services of Agadir. It was achieved by applying support vector machine supervised (SVM) algorithm on each Landsat products to derive land use/ land cover (LULC) maps. High accuracy assessment values were obtained for all Landsat classified maps. Spectral radiance model was exploited successfully to highlight the spatiotemporal changes of thermal behavior of city surfaces. Terrestrial carbon dynamics of Agadir LULC was evaluated by applying a process-based carbon model. The outcomes of this paper revealed an important urban expansion within the 35-year timespan with an important loss of vegetation and bare land. This urban evolution impacts the land surface temperature (LST) and caused carbon storage loss that contributes to local climate change. These findings could assist policy-makers to characterize a sustainable evolution of urban area, especially, to interpret how and where LULC changes might alter the dynamics of climate regulation and ecosystem services.

10

Space-time quantification of aboveground net primary productivity service supply capacity in high Andean bofedales using remote sensors

Cano Deyvis, Crispin Astrid, Custodio María, Chanamé Fernán, Peñaloza Richard, Pizarro Samuel

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2023

|

no. 56

172--181

EN

The aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of bofedales is one of the most important indicators for the provision of ecosystem services in the high Andean areas. In the case of bofedales, the evaluation of the ANPP supply capacity as a service on a spatial and temporal scale through remote sensing has been little addressed. The capacity, intra and interannual, to provide the ANPP of the high Andean wetlands was quantified at a spatial and temporal level through remote sensing. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the MODIS sensor was used according to the Monteith model (1972), product of the incident photosynthetically active radiation, fraction of the absorbed radiation, and the efficiency of using the radiation of the calibrated vegetation with dry matter sampling in the field. Results show an ANPP prediction R 2 of 0.52 (p < 0.05), with no significant spatial difference between field samples. When applying the model, the intra-annual temporary ANPP supply capacity presents a maximum average of 160.54 kg DM·ha -1·month -1 in the rainy season (December-May) and a maximum average of 81.17 kg DM·ha -1·month in the dry season (June-October). In 2003-2020, the interannual temporary capacity presented values of 1100-1700 kg DM·ha -1·year -1. This makes it possible not to affect the sustainability of the wetlands and prevent their depletion and degradation. Understanding the ANPP supply capacity of bofedales can favour the efficient use of the resource and indirectly benefit its conservation.

11

Ecosystem services contributing to local economic sectors – conceptual framework of linking ecosystem services, benefits and economic sectors

Sylla Marta

Economics and Environment

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2023

|

No. 2

52--67

EN

The paper introduces the principles of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting-Ecosystem Accounting. The aim of the work is to present the application of the conceptual framework of linking ecosystem services, benefits and economic sectors. The analysis relates to year 2012 and 2018. The case study area represents five municipalities that cross borders with the Ślężański Landscape Park and its buffer zone in the Lower Silesia region in Poland. Results show that cropland related ecosystem services contribute to 17% and 14% percent of all companies operating in the case study area. Direct link between agricultural benefits and five economic sectors was established. The ecosystem extent account is created, and the land cover flows analysed. The applicability of ecosystem accounting to local governance is discussed.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe założenia Systemu Rachunków Środowiskowo-Ekonomicznych – rachunków ekosystemowych (ang. the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting). Celem pracy badawczej było praktyczne zastosowanie ram koncepcyjnych łączących usługi ekosystemowe, korzyści z sektorami ekonomicznymi. Analiza obejmo-wała lata 2012 i 2018, dotyczyła pięciu gmin w obrębie Ślężańskiego Parku Krajobrazowego i jego otuliny, leżącego w województwie dolnośląskim. Wyniki pokazują, że ekosystem pól uprawnych przynosi korzyści dla 17 i 14 procent firm działających na terenie wybranych gmin. Zastosowanie wytycznych koncepcyjnych pozwoliło na połączenie korzyści z firmami reprezentującymi pięć różnych sektorów gospodarczych. Ponadto, przeprowadzono analizę zmian pokrycia terenu w badanych dwóch okresach. Na koniec, dyskusji poddano zasadność aplikacyjną rachunków środowiskowo-ekonomicznych w kontekście zarządzania i wspierania podejmowania decyzji.

12

Usługi ekosystemowe

Szulczewska Barbara

Przegląd Komunalny

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2022

|

nr 2

73--78

PL

Przedstawienie idei usług ekosystemowych wymaga krótkiego wstępu dotyczącego stosowanej terminologii. Jak zwykle w przypadku zagranicznych, szeroko używanych terminów, a za taki trzeba niewątpliwie uznać „ecosystem services”, pojawia się problem ich tłumaczenia na język polski.

13

Wprowadzanie zadrzewień śródpolnych jako elementów zielonej infrastruktury obszarów wiejskich w scaleniach gruntów

Czarnecka Adrianna, Rędzińska Katarzyna

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2022

|

R. 94, nr 11

12--17

PL

Zadrzewienia śródpolne stanowią kluczowy element zielonej infrastruktury obszarów wiejskich. Szczególnie ważne jest ich systemowe kształtowanie. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie znaczenia procesu scaleń gruntów jako narzędzia umożliwiającego rozwijanie sieci zadrzewień będących elementami zielonej infrastruktury na obszarach wiejskich. W artykule zaprezentowano koncepcje: zielonej infrastruktury, rozwiązań opartych na naturze oraz usług ekosystemowych w kontekście obszarów wiejskich w Polsce. Przedstawiono funkcje zadrzewień śródpolnych oraz scharakteryzowano potrzeby zadrzewieniowe w Polsce. Odniesiono się do obecnych praktyk projektowych dotyczących zadrzewień i zakrzewień śródpolnych w założeniach do projektów scaleń gruntów. Przedstawiono nowe możliwości w tym zakresie, związane z interwencją pn. „Scalanie gruntów wraz z zagospodarowaniem poscaleniowym”, realizowaną w ramach Planu Strategicznego dla Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej na lata 2023-2027.

EN

Mid-field trees are a key element of green infrastructure in rural areas and their planting should be strategically and systematically planned. The aim of the article is to show the significance of land consolidation process as a tool enabling the development of a network of field trees as an element of green infrastructure in rural areas. The article presents the concepts of: green infrastructure, nature-based solutions and ecosystem services in the context of rural areas in Poland. The functions of field trees were presented and the needs in terms of field trees planting in Poland were characterized. Reference was made to the current planning practices applied with regard to field trees and field shrubs in the drawing up of land consolidation plans. New possibilities in this respect were discussed, related to the intervention entitled "Land consolidation with post-consolidation management", implemented under the Strategic Plan for the Common Agricultural Policy for the years 2023-2027.

14

Ecosystem services of the cryogenic environments: identification, evaluation and monetisation - A review

Abakumov Evgeny, Suleymanov Azamat, Guzov Yuriy, Titov Victor, Vashuk Angelina, Shestakova Elena, Fedorova Irina

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2022

|

no. 52

1--8

EN

The article discusses the valuation of ecosystem services in connection with the economic activity of the Russian Federation in the Arctic zone. It also considers the categories of ecosystem services in general and the assessment of ecosystem services in the Arctic in particular. The article also considers types of negative impacts on the Arctic ecosystems, their assessment, and investment risks existing in ecosystem services. It is shown that the application of the methodology and ecosystem services contributes to the adequate assessment and creation of a hierarchical classification of “usefulness” and “benefits” for society derived from the existence, use, and non-use of ecosystems. The concept of Arctic ecosystem services consists of three components: identification, monetisation, and ecological risk assessment. Identification, classification, and initial assessment, mainly at the qualitative level, allow us to determine and classify services for further improvement of life quality and regulation of socio-economic effects of environmental changes. Quantitative assessment is related to the identification of the degree of ecosystem service amenability. The example of the Arctic ecosystems shows that the possibility to assess and the accuracy of the assessment can be quite different and largely depends on the type of service. The analysis of possible ecosystem services and their relationship with the quality of life in the Russian Arctic indicates significant investment risks.

15

Współczesne podejście do terenów zieleni w mieście a ich utrzymanie i rozwój w Łodzi

Wróblewski Wiktor, Kroc Tomasz

Builder

|

2022

|

R.26, nr 1

9--11

PL

Od początku XXI wieku zmienia się podejście do terenów o pokryciu przyrodniczym. Uznano, że tereny zieleni świadczą różnorodne usługi ekosystemów na rzecz mieszkańców miast. W związku z tym artykuł proponuje klasyfikację terenów zieleni ze względu na usługobiorców i utrzymujących dany ekosystem. Następnie z punktu widzenia urbanistyki dokonano przeglądu instrumentów planistycznych oraz strategicznych mających rozwijać i podtrzymywać zieloną infrastrukturę miasta jako zaplanowaną sieć. Analiza przypadku dotyczy akt miasta Łodzi.

EN

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the approach to natural land cover has changed. Greenery is defined as a variety of ecosystem services for inhabitants. Hence, the papier proposes a green areas classification based on greenery maintainers and ecosystem services beneficiaries. Finally, the strategic and planning tools for developing and maintaining the green infrastructure of the city as a planned network is reviewed from the urban development point of view. The case study concerns the acts of the city of Lodz.

16

Pathologies of the riverside built environment versus success indicators of functional performance built environment pathologies

Latusek Elżbieta

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

|

2022

|

Vol. 15, no. 4

17--33

EN

The paper focuses on the downtown built environment (downtown waterfronts) and also on individual architectural objects which have an important function in such a space. The quality of the built environment affects its surroundings not only in a physical but also in a social way. To find the most appropriate ways of preventing the occurrence of the built environment pathologies in downtown areas, the study used the diagnostic technique of functional performance understood, among other things, as the ability to satisfy the stakeholders’ needs and the impact of stakeholders’ actions on their living environment. During the research, a comparative platform was found for the functional performance, the imperative of sustainable development and the ecosystem services of rivers and reservoirs. The investigations resulted in the creation of success indicators illustrated by examples of six voivodeship capital cities in Poland which have the strongest connection with the downtown built environment in waterfront areas, namely: Gdańsk, Szczecin, Warszawa (Warsaw), Kraków (Cracow), Wrocław and Poznań.

17

Systematic Review on Ecosystem Services (ES) of Ecotourism in South-East Asia (ASEAN)

Abas Azlan, Aiyub Kadaruddin, Idris Nor Azizan

Problemy Ekorozwoju

|

2021

|

Vol. 16, nr 1

113--122

EN

Ecotourism ecosystem services can rarely been identified specifically in detail. Hence, little is known about interactions and relationship between ecotourism and its services. We have chosen South-East Asia (ASEAN) as our case studies because of its multi-diverse ecotourism ecosystem. We conducted a systematic review of studies that aim to understand the relationship and interaction between the ecotourism ecosystem and its services to summarize research from this emerging topic and to identify the patterns for ecotourism ecosystem services in ASEAN from different case studies. The results show that 7 out 10 ASEAN countries have studied on ecotourism ecosystem services. Most studies indicated the importance of the services provided by the ecotourism sector as cultural (aesthetic, scientific research and recreational) and supporting (habitat conservation). Our review also found some limitations of this study: first, no data gathered from 3 countries (Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam and Myanmar) and second, the study only focused on monetary methods (WTP etc.) and third, calls for more studies and comparative studies to identify services provided by ecotourism sector in ASEAN. Finally, we discuss how our review fits into the Pakse Declaration 2016 and policy development to address climate change.

PL

Trudno szczegółowo określić usługi pełnione przez ekosystemy ekoturystyczne. Niewiele więc wiadomo na temat interakcji i związków między ekoturystyką a jej usługami. W naszych badaniach wybraliśmy kraje Azji Południowo-Wschodniej (ASEAN), ze względu na ich różnorodny ekosystem ekoturystyczny. Przeprowadziliśmy systematyczny przegląd, który miał na celu zrozumienie relacji i interakcji między ekosystemem ekoturystycznym i ich usługami, aby zidentyfikować wzorce usług ekosystemów ekoturystycznych w ASEAN na podstawie różnych studiów przypadku. Wyniki pokazują, że 7 na 10 krajów ASEAN przeprowadziło badania dotyczące ekoturystycznych usług ekosystemowych. Większość badań wskazywała na znaczenie usług świadczonych przez sektor ekoturystyki jako kulturowych (estetycznych, naukowo-badawczych i rekreacyjnych) oraz wspierających (ochrona siedlisk). W naszym przeglądzie występują także pewne ograniczenia. Po pierwsze, brak danych z 3 krajów (Brunei Darussalam, Wietnam i Mjanma). Po drugie, badanie dotyczyło tylko metod pieniężnych (WTP itp.). Po trzecie, przeprowadzone badania sugerują konieczność prowadzenia dalszych prac porównawcze w celu określenia usług świadczonych przez sektor ekoturystyki w ASEAN. Na koniec omawiamy, w jaki sposób nasz przegląd wpisuje się w Deklarację Pakse z 2016 r. i rozwój polityki dotyczącej zmian klimatycznych.

18

Research on the phenomenon of self-afforestation of agricultural lands in Ukraine

Stoiko Nataliia

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2021

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Vol. 1, no. 2

139--149

EN

Extension of the forest area in Ukraine is one of the indicators confirming achievement of the goals of sustainable development. Therefore, the issue of protection, restoration and rational use of forest ecosystems is rather actual. The process of self- afforestation taking place on agricultural land, which are not used according to their intention because of their investment unattractiveness, due to lack of funds or other reasons, and thus, they are self-sown with forest plants, is one of the ways of the forest- covered area extension in Ukraine. There is no reliable information on the number of land plots with self-sown forests on agricultural land. Therefore, it is expedient to make inventory of them by using the tools of satellite remote sensing and field surveys. The author of the work suggests a conceptual model of planning the use of agricultural land with self-sown forests on the base of the inventory data. To make the best-possible decisions on the use of the land plots with self-sown forests, at the local level it is important to determine the rational direction of the self-sown forest use in the process of spatial planning on the base of the data of analysis of the soil and plant cover layer quality. Therefore, it is recommended to make zoning of the land by the kinds of land use (agricultural, forestry, recreational, nature protection). Basing on the zoning data and considering the potential ecosystem benefits from forests, it is necessary to develop measures on the self-sown forest use and protection.

19

The Function and Perception of Urban Ecosystem Services in the Society

Edlund Fredrik

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2020

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Vol. 15, nr 1

15--23

EN

The urban development that is now taking place globally has led to the most extensive permanent land use that has caused ecosystems to be destroyed and the depletion of natural resources. Today, about 50% of the world’s population lives in urbanized cities and by 2030 it is estimated to be about 70%. The fact that we gather in larger numbers in cities means that we transport large volumes of resources to these areas, which gives rise to waste and emissions, which places a burden on the neighboring environment to the it’s limits. This leads to problems for both human health and society’s economy, which is because the ecosystems that help us, collapse. To counter this, a better urban planning is required which includes the environment in society as ecosystem services. The problem with ecosystem services is that they do not have a commercial value, which makes it difficult to implement since they do not indicate any economic gain. Therefore, it is necessary to increase knowledge about how they contribute so that they can be correlated to how they contribute to society from three aspects: economic, social, environmental.

PL

Rozprzestrzenianie się miast, który odbywa się obecnie na całym świecie, doprowadziło do największego stałego zajęcia gruntów, oznaczającego zniszczenie ekosystemów i wyczerpywania się zasobów naturalnych. Obecnie około 50% światowej populacji mieszka w miastach i szacuje się, że do 2030 r. będzie to około 70%. To, że gromadzimy się coraz liczniej w miastach, oznacza, że musimy transportować duże ilości zasobów do tych obszarów, co powoduje powstawanie odpadów i emisji zanieczyszczeń, co obciąża sąsiadujące z miastami środowisko do jego granic. Prowadzi to do powstawania problemów odnoszących się zarówno do ludzkiego zdrowia, jak i gospodarki społecznej, ponieważ ekosystemy, które mają nam pomagać, ulegają zniszczeniu. Aby temu przeciwdziałać, konieczne jest lepsze planowanie miast, które uwzględniałoby pełnione przez środowisko w społeczeństwie usługi ekosystemowe. Problemem jest to, że takie usługi nie mają one wartości handlowej, co utrudnia ich uznanie, ponieważ nie wskazują na żadne korzyści ekonomiczne. Dlatego konieczne jest pogłębienie wiedzy na temat ich znaczenia, aby można było je skorelować z tym, jak służą społeczeństwu w trzech wymiarach: ekonomicznym, społecznym i środowiskowym.

20

Learning to cope with water variability through participatory monitoring: the case study of the mountainous region, Nepal

Regmi Santosh, Bhusal Jagat K., Gurung Praju, Zulkafli Zed, Karpouzoglou Timothy, Tocachi Boris Ochoa, Buytaert Wouter, Mao Feng

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2019

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Vol. 7, Iss. 2

49--61

EN

Participatory monitoring allows communities to understand the use and management of local water resources and at the same time develop a sense of ownership of environmental information. The data generated through participatory monitoring of stream flow and rainfall generate evidences to corroborate local people’s experiences with changing water resources patterns. In this study we evaluate the potential of participatory monitoring of hydrological variables to improve scarce water supply utilization in agriculture. The case study site is the Mustang district in Nepal, which is located in the Upper Kaligandaki River Basin in the Himalayas with unique and complex geographical and climatic features. This region is characterized by a semi-arid climate with total annual precipitation of less than 300 mm. Water supply, agricultural land, and livestock grazing are the key ecosystem services that underpin livelihood security of the local population, particularly socio-economically vulnerable groups. An analysis of the measured stream flow data indicate that annual flow of water in the stream can meet the current crop irrigation water needs for the agricultural land of the research site. The data provide local farmers a new way of understanding local water needs. Participatory monitoring would contribute to an optimization of the use of ecosystem services to support economic development and livelihood improvement.