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1

Rozpoznanie reliktu średniowiecznego wyrobiska Sztolni Trzech Króli w Głuchołasko-Zlatohorskim Zagłębiu Złota jako podstawa koncepcji zwiększenia potencjału turystycznego miasta Głuchołazy Miedź

Madziarz Maciej

Cuprum : czasopismo naukowo-techniczne górnictwa rud

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2025

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nr 3-4

49--72

PL

W artykule przedstawiono opracowaną przez KGHM CUPRUM Sp. z o.o. CBR koncepcję podniesienia atrakcyjności turystycznej miasta Głuchołazy poprzez rozpoznanie, zabezpieczenie i adaptację do celów turystyczno-edukacyjnych reliktu wyrobiska Sztolnia Trzech Króli, zlokalizowanego prawdopodobnie na obecnym terenie miasta, oraz podjęte w tym celu próby zlokalizowania i dotarcia do reliktu tego unikalnego – z uwagi na znaczną długość i średniowieczny rodowód, historycznego wyrobiska podziemnego (sztolni) z wykorzystaniem metod nieinwazyjnych (geofizycznych) i badań archeologicznych (archeologii górniczej).

EN

The article presents the concept developed by KGHM CUPRUM Sp. z o.o. CBR to increase the tourist attractiveness of the Głuchołazy city by identifying, securing and adapting the relic of the Sztolnia Trzech Króli excavation (Three Kings' Adit) for tourist and educational purposes, probably located in the current area of the city, and the attempts undertaken for this purpose to locate and reach the relic of this unique, due to its considerable length and medieval origin, historical underground excavation (adit), using non-invasive methods (geophysical) and archaeological research (mining archaeology).

2

Potencjał geoturystyczny wybranych stanowisk Bielańsko-Tynieckiego Parku Krajobrazowego i jego otoczenia

Dzięgiel Maciej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 8

358--76

EN

In this paper, 13 selected sites situated in the Bielany and Tyniec Landscape Park and its surroundings within the Kraków Gate area are the subjects of comparative description, being examples of essential and significant geotouristic potential. Almost all of them show karstified Oxfordian Upper Jurassic limestones at the centre of Kraków at the foot of the Wawel Hill and in the districts of Tyniec, Zakrzówek, Podgórze, Wola Justowska, in the villages of Piekary and Jeziorzany. Among these sites is Smocza Jama Cave. Pleistocene loess in the Salwator district of Kraków is also described. All sites are various and picturesque. They are also important examples displaying products of very complex geological processes. The comparative evaluation of geotouristic potential of all the thirteen sites was made to meet tourists', educators' and investors' expectations and needs to increase their geotouristic significance. In general, interest in them as geotouristic abiotic nature objects has been growing regularly up to now. They have become very widely known in Poland and could become very popular worldwide, too.

3

Potencjał geoturystyczny wybranych odsłonięć skał paleozoicznych w południowej części Wyżyny Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej

Dzięgiel Maciej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 5

193--208

EN

The paper presents a comparative description of 13 selected Paleozoic rock sites from the southern part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, considered as examples of essential and significant geotouristic potential. Most of them represent carbonate rocks including: Devonian dolomites in the Zbrza Gorge (Dubie village), and limestones in the Ractawka River Valley (Dubie and Dębnik village), Lower Carboniferous limestones in the Szklarka River Valley (Szklary village), Eliaszówka River Valley (Paczółtowice village) and Kamienice River Valley (Miękinia village). In addition, Carboniferous sandstones from Tenczynek, Kwaczata Arkose (Kwaczata village), Permian Myślachowice Conglomerate and Karniowice Travertine (Karniowice), and volcanic rocks: porphyres in Miękinia and melaphyres in Regulice, are described. All of them are situated in the eastern margin of the Upper Silesian Basin. The sites are various and picturesque. These are also important examples displaying products of very complex geological processes. The evaluation of comparative geotouristic potentialofall13 sites was made to meet the expectations and needs of tourists, educators and investors to increase their geotouristic meaning. In general, interest in them as geotouristic abiotic nature objects has been growing regularly until today. They have become very widely known in Poland, and could also become very popular worldwide.

4

Geotourism Aspects of UNESCO Spa Locality Mariánské Lázně

Duraj Milos, Marschalko Marian, Niemiec Dominik, Kubac Jan, Pohanka Radek, Sysala David, Vlcek Jindrich, Sombathy Erik

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

309--315

EN

The West Bohemian spa triangle is an area with a rich occurrence of mineral springs, which are found on a relatively small area. It includes Mariánské Lázně, Karlovy Vary and Františkovy Lázně. These spas are among the most important spa towns of global importance. This fact is also evidenced by the fact that this spa area was registered in 2021 on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The cities of this triangle are unique not only in terms of balneology, but also in terms of architecture. Even though Mariánské Lázně is the youngest of these cities, some important visitors have ranked it among the most beautiful of them. Many healing springs were responsible for the rapid development of this city. This article describes the interconnectedness of both geological and selected architectural attractions that can be the target of tourist activities in this city.

5

Geotourism Aspects of Building Stone Use (Romanesque Style and the Onset of Gothic) in UNESCO Heritage Sites of the Historic Centre of Prague for Construction and Architectural Purposes

Duraj Miloš, Marschalko Marian, Kubáč Jan, Niemiec Dominik, Pohanka Radek, Sombathy Erik, Vlček Jindřich, Sysala David

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 2, no. 2

art. no. 72

EN

In terms of architectural development, Prague is one of the classic examples of the application of individual Western European building styles. For this reason, Prague - Historical Centre was rightly included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1992. This city, the residence of monarchs, has undergone significant development since the early days of its construction. The Romanesque and Gothic style here greatly completes the scenery of this city. The stone beauty of Hradcany with St. Vitus Cathedral, Charles Bridge and other historical buildings are among the most visited sights of this city. Tourists can learn more about the historical facts about the construction of these buildings from the guides, but the building stone and its sources are practically not paid attention to. For this reason, the aim of this work is to introduce and link the construction of the Romanesque and Gothic periods with a description of the different types of stone used in their construction and their source areas. The importance of this link will help both architectural research and the development of new forms of tourism.

PL

Praga, w zakresie rozwoju architektonicznego, jest jednym z klasycznych przykładów zastosowania poszczególnych stylów budowlanych zachodnioeuropejskich. Na tej podstawie historyczne centrum Pragi zostało słusznie wpisane na Listę Światowego Dziedzictwa UNESCO w 1992 roku. To miasto, będące siedzibą monarchów, przeszło znaczący rozwój od swoich wczesnych dni budowy. Styl romański i gotycki w dużym stopniu dopełniają scenerię tego miasta. Kamienna piękność Hradczan ze Katedrą Św. Wita, Mostem Karola i innymi historycznymi budynkami są jednymi z najczęściej odwiedzanych atrakcji tego miasta. Turyści mogą dowiedzieć się więcej o faktach historycznych dotyczących budowy tych budynków z przewodników, ale kamień budowlany i jego źródła są praktycznie nie brane pod uwagę. Dlatego celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie i powiązanie budownictwa okresów romańskiego i gotyckiego z opisem różnych rodzajów kamienia użytego w ich konstrukcji oraz ich obszarów źródłowych.

6

Spatial variation on hydrogeochemical parameter in the Hetauda Valley, central Nepal

Kafle Devaki, Gautam Urusha, Pathak Dinesh, Rawat Rewant K.

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2024

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nr 3-4 (78-79)

19--38

EN

Water is a requisite source for human survival, facing increasing issues and challenges in terms of both quantity and quality due to exacerbated global populations and urbanization trends. This increased demand has caused a decline in the overall availability and quality of water resources. Hetauda, serving as the administrative center of Bagmati Province, has emerged as a key destination for employment services along with a good potential zone for geotourism closely connected to its diverse geological features and water resources. However, excessive utilization, depletion, and extensive pollution of surface water sources in the region have underscored the importance of exploring groundwater for agricultural, and domestic needs along with decreasing the possibilities for geotourism. As the study area lies in the Hetauda Valley, to address this concern, water samples from 34 different sources such as dug wells, boreholes, and springs were collected. A thorough analysis of physicochemical parameters was conducted to evaluate water quality, revealing notable variations across locations, including the presence of iron and arsenic traces in specific samples. The Weighted Arithmetic Index Method was used to calculate the Water Quality Index (WQI) showing that certain water sources had very good quality while few weren’t appropriate for human consumption. The Piper diagram indicates the dominancy of calcium ions in cations and chloride in anions. The stiff diagram shows that the ions Na + K > Ca > Mg dominate the composition of the cations, whilst HCO₃⁻ > Cl⁻ > SO₄²⁻ dominates the anions. Besides, the multivariate statistical analysis through Principal Component Analysis was executed to support these hydrochemical findings. In conclusion, this research underscores the critical necessity for sustainable water management strategies in the study area, advocating for the prudent exploration of groundwater while addressing the challenges posed by contaminants, thus ensuring the availability of safe and sufficient water resources in the region.

7

Rocks, ridges, and recreation: The geotourism renaissance in Dhaubadi area of Gandaki province, western Nepal

Lamsal Sunil, Dhakal Ashok, Maharjan Suman, Paudyal Kabi Raj

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2024

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nr 3-4 (78-79)

39--54

EN

This study aims to assess new and known sites along the Kawasoti–Dhaubadi–Dedgaun–Kaligandaki route for geotourism potential based on regional geology, geomorphology, and socio-cultural factors. This study includes the methods to identify geosites, geoheritage, and geomorphosites of the area by field visits including data collection and mapping. It explores the diverse tectonic zones including Dun Valley, Siwalik and the Lesser Himalaya bound by significant tectonic features like the Central Churia Thrust, the Main Boundary Thrust, and the Devachuli Thrust. The presence of plant fossils in Siwalik and Gondwana rocks, the renowned Dhaubadi iron deposit, and coal seem to enhance the geotourism potential. The Ramche landslide can be emphasized as a site for landslide research. The region features from the lowland of Narayani River with the Chitwan National Park to the Ghoral Conservation Area at high hill morphology. The captivating experiences of the Dhaubadi area’s changing climate, panoramic mountain views, and the Kali Gandaki River enhance its charm parallelly with cultural and historical sites like Maharajathan, Devachuli temples, and Rudrapurgadi. The unique culture of the Tharu and Magar community and trekking sites like Dhaubadi and Devachuli hills boost the potential of the area. Overall, the study highlights the Dhaubadi area’s geotourism scenarios and proposed for in-situ geoconservation and geoparks development.

8

Public open spaces and geotourism development in Pokhara metropolitan city, Nepal

Pokharel Ramjee Prasad, Khanal Narendra Raj

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2024

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nr 3-4 (78-79)

55--69

EN

Public open spaces (POS) are an integral part of the built-up area. They provide a platform for local as well as foreign visitors for recreation, socialization, and stimulation in a diverse environment. POS is a site with unique and attractive geological, geomorphological, landscape and socio-cultural environments are used for geotourism development. This paper discusses the development of geotourism in public open spaces in Pokhara Metropolitan City (PMC) and analyzes the perception of visitors towards the provisions of the particular POS. This study has applied an exploratory research design while primary information was obtained from a field observation with a checklist and patch visitors’ related records from POS. Similarly, visitors’ opinions were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Out of 277 public open spaces so far mapped in PMC, more than 70 patches have a potential for geotourism development and, 18 public open spaces are developed as sites of geotourism. However, only seven of them are managed systematically with the provision of formal institutions collecting revenue from visitors’ entry fees. Regarding the visitor’s satisfaction towards the development and facilities, about 23% of visitors are highly satisfied and another 38% are satisfied. Patches described as highly satisfied are more developed and have more visitors. The annual revenue of these seven POS also confirms that proper development of other POS as geotourism destinations, will further contribute to the economic prosperity of PMC. Moreover, its surrounding areas will have higher prospects of developing as global geopark.

9

Exploring the potential of geotourism along the trek route of the Pokhara Ghandruk section of Gandaki Province, Nepal

Pandey Sanjeeb, Paudyal Kabi Raj

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2024

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nr 3-4 (78-79)

71--82

EN

Geoconservation enhances tourist knowledge of a site’s geology, going beyond surface appreciation. Geotourism emphasizes geology and landscape, contributing to geodiversity conservation through various activities. While the Pokhara Ghandruk area in Gandaki Province is renowned for tourism, it remains unexplored from a geotourism perspective. The study focuses on identifying key geoconservation and geotourism sites for national economic development by systematic geological survey with map preparation highlighting distinctive geological, geomorphic, cultural, heritage and site-seeing features of each site. The region boasts several significant sites, such as Pokhara Valley known for its caves, lakes, and the Seti River gorge. Pokhara canyoning provides thrilling water geoadventures on quartzite cliffs. Naudanda offers breathtaking views of Pokhara Valley and the Annapurna range. Poon Hill and Khumai Danda serve as stunning vantage points for observing snow-capped mountains. The Mardi and Annapurna trek routes, along with Ghandruk Landruk Lwang Dhampus, offers geologically significant sites, including unique rock outcrops due to its passage through the Mahabharat Thrust and the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and exhibit potentiality for rock climbing centers, hot springs, and geocultural parks capitalizing on Gurung hospitality and rich traditions to boost tourism and preserve geoheritage. The study recommends the establishment of geotrails and a geopark within this region.

10

Śladami islandzkiej wyprawy Profesora Walerego Goetla : szlak geoturystyczny w Krainie Lodu i Ognia

Wiewiórska Karolina, Stępień Karolina, Esmund Marta, Madej Kacper, Polak Dominik, Salwa Wiktor, Domalik Dawid, Kowal-Kasprzyk Justyna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 7

358--371

EN

The Geotourism Students' Scientific Club from AGH University of Science and Technology celebrated the Year of Walery Goetel by setting out on an expedition to Iceland in his footsteps. Professor Walery Goetel (1889-1972) went down in history as an outstanding and versatile geologist, creator of sozology and one of the most famous rectors of AGH. He was also an advocate for nature conservation, national parks and tourism. In 1927, Walery Goetel and his brother - writer Ferdynand - went on an expedition to Iceland. The island, known as “Land of Ice and Fire”, is one of the most geologically significant and interesting places in the world. The expedition let him collect valuable observations, samples and photographs. The journey, mainly through the western part of Iceland, was described by Ferdynand in the book “Island in the cloudy north” (1928). We followed this expedition 95 years later and we would like to propose the “Walery Goetel's memorial geotourist trail”. On the proposed route, there are 19 points visited by Professor, 10 of them we distinguished as particular attractive in terms of geotourism. In addition, we suggest 13 other points worth visiting, which are not mentioned in the book, but are located in the area of the trail, and we assess them as having significant geotouristic potential. The length of the trail is 770 km, and it is worth spending at least 5days to cover it by car. The trail includes such famous geotouristic attractions as the Geysir geothermal area, Gullfoss waterfall and Thingvellir National Park with Almannagjá gorge and Öxarárfoss waterfall, as well as less popular, but geologically important places. In the book “Island in the cloudy north” there are many regrets about the failure of Iceland to use its natural potential. The trail that we propose allows one to see how much is has changed in this respect over 100 years. We can assume that if the Professor visited modern Iceland, he would appreciate how this country implements the ideas of sozology. We hope that the trail we propose shows not only the beauty and geological uniqueness of Iceland, but also brings the ideas of Professor Walery Goetel closer.

11

Produkt geoturystyczny jako narzędzie geoedukacyjne i metoda promocji dziedzictwa geologicznego Polski

Miśkiewicz Krzysztof

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 6

314--320

EN

Geoproducts are innovative, redesigned or traditional goods and services inspired by geodiversity. They contribute to the promotion of the regional geological heritage, didactic and tourist offer and sustainable development, in particular within the UNESCO geoparks. The aim of the study is to present the concept of a geotourism product, the essence of which is inanimate nature and geotouristic travel motives. Various possibilities of geoeducational use of such goods and services are presented with national examples divided into categories along with their producers. Attention is drawn to the factors determining the success of geotourism products and proposed coordination of activities in the field of their development in Poland.

12

Potencjał geoturystyczny wybranych obiektów Ojcowskiego Parku Narodowego i jego otuliny

Dzięgiel Maciej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 3

113--131

EN

In this paper, two scenic caves, five selected karst rock forms, and five rock outcrops situated in the Ojców National Park and its protected zone area are the subject of comparative research, considered as very essential examples of geotouristic potential. Most of their karst forms differ between each other. These include Łokietek and Ciemna (Dark) cave, Kraków Gate, Rękawica and Igła Deotymy rock-cliff at Ojców, Duży Pochylec rock-cliff in Skała, and Maczuga Herkulesa rocky tower at Pieskowa Skała. Apart from them, outcrops of Quaternary calcareous tufa and rock falls at Ojców, an abrasion surface cutting Upper Jurassic limestones and covered with Cretaceous limestones and marls, Pleistocene loess at Januszowice, and the Duże Skałki (Big Rocks) former quarry of Upper Jurassic limestone at Czajowice were also studied. All of them are situated in the Silesian-Kraków Monocline. The caves, rock-cliffs and Maczuga Herkulesa rocky tower developed in the Upper Jurassic Oxfordian massive limestone. Their karst forms are diverse and picturesque. The other objects selected for research are also very interesting and important examples, displaying products of very complex geological processes. The comparative geotouristic potential evaluation of all 12 objects was made to meet tourists', educators' and investors' expectations and needs to increase their geotouristic development level. The statistical data of the annual number of visitors at the described two caves is also discussed. In general, interest in them as geotouristic abiotic nature objects has been growing regularly until today. They have become very widely known in Poland. Moreover, the Łokietek Cave, Kraków Gate rock-cliff and Maczuga Herkulesa rocky tower have become very popular worldwide.

13

Potencjał geoturystyczny wybranych obiektów Dłubniańskiego Parku Krajobrazowego i jego otuliny

Dzięgiel Maciej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 8

403--417

EN

The paper presents comparative research on three selected karst rock forms and six rock exposures situated in the Dłubnia Landscape Park and its protected zone area, considered as very essential examples of geotouristic potential. Most of them display their karst forms different from each other. These include three rock-cliffs in the Ostrysznia Gorge and one in the Dłubnia valley in Imbramowice. Two of them host very short caves. The study also covers exposures of Upper Jurassic limestones in the Dłubnia valley in Imbramowice and Iwanowice, Quaternary slope deposits in Glanów, and Pleistocene loess in Damice. All of them are situated in the Silesian-Kraków Monocline. The rock-cliffs with their caves developed in the Upper Jurassic Oxfordian massive limestone. Their karst forms are diverse and picturesque. The other objects selected for research are also very interesting and important examples displaying products ofvery complex geological processes. The comparative geotouristic potential evaluation of all nine objects was made to meet the expectations and needs of tourists, educators and investors, to increase their geotouristic development level. In general, interest in them as geotouristic abiotic nature objects has been growing regularly up until today. They have become widely known in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland area.

14

Geodziedzictwo regionu Alta (północna Norwegia)

Huber Miłosz, Alenga David, Iakovleva Olga

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 5

286--291

EN

Interesting landscape forms associated with glacial activity occur in the Alta region, in Northern Norway. They attract tourists who want to visit Nordcapp - the northernmost place in Europe that can be reached by car. This area is located within the Scandinavian Mountains, which form a series of nappes containing metamorphosed rock complexes with numerous intrusions. The Alta-Kvænangen and Repparfjord tectonic windows with outcrops of Proterozoic and Archaic rocks occur there. The analysed formations, in the vicinity of Alta, are associated with more than two billion years of history of the development of the geology of this area. They are the basis of numerous geomorphological forms and can complement tourist attractions. This article is devoted to the discussion of the rocks forming the tectonic windows in the Alta, Kvalsund region, and the metamorphic formations of the Hammerfest region, a complex of igneous rocks of Mager ay Island, as well.

15

Ogólnopolskie Forum GEO-PRODUKT : projekt integracji działań z zakresu udostępnienia i promocji dziedzictwa geologicznego Polski

Miśkiewicz Krzysztof, Poros Michał

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 8

568--570

EN

Products and services inspired by geodiversity are referred to as geoproducts and most often constitute an element of the sustainable development of UNESCO's global geoparks. In 2015 an informal group of designers and manufacturers of geotourism products was created in Poland, which is reflected in the annual meetings called the GEO-PRODUKT Forum. The aim of the project is to integrate the activities of scientific bodies, local authorities, non-governmental organisations, tourist and other communities to disseminate knowledge in the field of Earth sciences, to popularize geological and mining heritage of Polish territory, as well as to develop geotourism and geoparks.

16

Jaskinia Raj jako obiekt geoturystyczny : z perspektywy półwiecza

Wróblewski Paweł, Wróblewski Tymoteusz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 12

853--863

EN

Developed in the Devonian limestones the Raj (Paradise) Cave, with the rich dripstone attire, located near the city of Kielce, was the first cave in Poland to be opened to the public in a modern way 50 years ago and thus the first geotouristic site in the Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross) region. Unrestricted exploration soon after its discovery led to the destruction of some speleothems. That is why the cave entrance was closed and a decision to protect the cave by its commercialization was made. Archaeological excavations and geological and palaeontological investigations of the Pleistocene cave sediments were carried out duringthe preparation ofthe tourist route. Transforming the cave into a show cave allowed maintaining its intrinsic (scientific) and extrinsic (aesthetic) values. However, tourism has also put a negative impact on the cave (mechanical damages of the speleothems, lampenflora, contaminations). Therefore, the authors consider whether protection and public access represent two contrasting or rather complementary concepts and from this perspective make an attempt to assess the 50 years of geotourism in Raj Cave.

17

Głazy narzutowe z okolic Przedborza jako obiekty geodziedzictwa oraz ich znaczenie w geologii czwartorzędu i geoturystyki

Górska-Zabielska Maria, Wieczorek Dariusz, Zabielski Ryszard, Stoiński Andrzej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 1

34--49

EN

The Przedbórz region in the Przedborska Upland (central Poland) is characterized by an above-average presence of erratic boulders. They have never been the subject of separate studies before. The aim of this article is to indicate their large population in central Poland and to characterize the traces of the impact of various morphogenetic processes on their current size and shape. The authors indicate the Scandinavian source areas of some of the studied erratic boulders. The article also highlights the scientific, educational, social and aesthetic function of erratic boulders, which should be used when planning the sustainable development of the region. In peripheral tourist areas, geotourism is an effective tool for economic growth. The erratic boulders discussed in the article, which are unique objects of natural heritage, have great potential to revive this branch of nature tourism.

18

Characterisation of potholes formed on bedrock sandstones at Loei Dun, Phetchabun Geopark, Thailand

Singtuen Vimoltip, Junjuer Thitaree

Geologos

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2022

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Vol. 28, No. 1

39--50

EN

Phetchabun National Geopark comprises varied geosites; one of the fluvial bedrock landforms distinguished here is Loei Dun. This shows many potholes in Mesozoic sandstone of the Nam Phong Formation (Khorat Group). A genetic study of the occurrence of the Loei Dun potholes lends it a higher geoheritage value. For the present study we did fieldwork and carried out petrographical and geotechnical analyses so as to classify and characterise the potholes and consider geotourism potentials. Petrographically, the bedrock sandstone is a lithic arenite which consists of 82-96 percent very fine to coarse, well-sorted subangular sand with low sphericity and calcite cementation. Our geotechnical analysis of the bedrock sandstone suggests that pothole occurrence may be linked to low rock strength and slake durability index with high rock absorption and porosity at Loei Dun. Field studies confirmed the impact of other factors such as joints/faults, fluvial conditions and biological weathering. There are five types of pothole, viz., simple ones, potholes with external furrows, compound potholes, breached potholes and lateral ones. The present study adds educational value to the Loei Dun geosite at Phetchabun Geoparks and cultural and economic aspects can be further strengthened through the development of geotourism in the area.

19

Wybrane formy rzeźby terenu w sudeckiej części Geoparku Kraina Wygasłych Wulkanów (pd.-zach. Polska)

Migoń Piotr

Landform Analysis

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2021

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Vol. 40

7--35

PL

Obszar Geoparku Kraina Wygasłych Wulkanów obejmuje część górską (sudecką) i przedgórską. W granicach geoparku znajdują się część Gór Kaczawskich, mających cechy gór niskich oraz część Pogórza Kaczawskiego. Mimo niewielkich wysokości bezwzględnych, rzeźba terenu jest różnorodna pod względem morfologicznym i genetycznym, a zróżnicowanie w dużej mierze nawiązuje do złożonej budowy geologicznej obszaru. Wyróżniające się zespoły form to wzniesienia i grzbiety twardzielcowe, zbudowane ze skał wulkanicznych wieku permskiego i kenozoicznego oraz elementy rzeźby krawędziowej (kuesty) rozwiniętej na permskich i mezozoicznych skałach osadowych. Wśród wzniesień zbudowanych z bazaltów część ma charakter neków. Do odpornościowego zróżnicowania podłoża nawiązują także przełomy rzeczne. Georóżnorodność obszaru uzupełniają formy skałkowe i odziedziczone formy środowiska peryglacjalnego, osuwiska, formy krasowe, przełomy rzeczne związane z reorganizacją sieci odwodnienia po zaniku lądolodu skandynawskiego oraz formy antropogeniczne, głównie związane z działalnością górniczą. Liczne miejsca wyróżniające się pod względem rzeźby mają charakter geostanowisk i są zagospodarowane geoturystycznie lub planowane do takiego zagospodarowania w przyszłości.

EN

The area of Land of Extinct Volcanoes Geopark can be divided into a mountainous (located in the Sudetes Mountains) and a fore-mountain part. Within the former are the low-altitude range of the Kaczawskie Mountains and the hilly land of the Kaczawskie Foothills. Despite their low altitude, morphology is very diverse in terms of both appearance and origin, reflecting to a large extent the complex geological structure of the region. The most distinctive landforms include lithologically-controlled hills and ridges built of Permian and Cenozoic volcanic rocks, as well as cuesta landforms developed on Permian and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. Among basaltic hills many are necks. Variable rock resistance is also reflected by the occurrence of fluvial gorges. Further components of regional geodiversity are tors and crags, inherited periglacial landforms, landslides, karst phenomena, water gaps caused by drainage reorganization during Scandinavian ice-sheet decay, and anthropic landforms caused by mining activities. Numerous localities of geomorphological significance may play a role of geosites and are either already developed as local geotourist destinations or planned to be developed in the future.

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Dziedzictwo geomorfologiczne Geoparku Świętokrzyskiego i jego znaczenie dla geoturystyki

Poros Michał, Urban Jan, Ludwikowska-Kędzia Małgorzata

Landform Analysis

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2021

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Vol. 40

71--107

PL

Geopark Świętokrzyski to pierwszy Światowy Geopark UNESCO funkcjonujący w całości na terytorium Polski. Geopark położony jest w południowo-zachodniej części Gór Świętokrzyskich, na obszarze charakteryzującym się zróżnicowaną budową geologiczną, która odzwierciedla się także w specyfice rzeźby terenu. Ewolucja morfologiczna tego obszaru uwarunkowana została głównie zróżnicowaną budową litologiczną i strukturalną podłoża podczwartorzędowego oraz oddziaływaniem różnych procesów morfogenetycznych wynikających ze zmian klimatycznych zachodzących w kenozoiku. Obecne ukształtowanie terenu Geoparku stanowi wypadkową wszystkich tych uwarunkowań oraz antropopresji związanej m.in. z dawną i współczesną eksploatacją surowców mineralnych. W granicach Geoparku Świętokrzyskiego modelowym obszarem, na którym można obserwować te zależności jest Chęcińsko-Kielecki Park Krajobrazowy. Dziedzictwo geomorfologiczne rozumiane jako część dziedzictwa geologicznego związanego z formami ukształtowania terenu, decyduje o wysokim potencjale geoturystycznym tego obszaru. Praktyczne wykorzystanie tego potencjału dla zrównoważonego rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego obszaru objętego granicami Geoparku jest przedmiotem działań realizowanych przez samorządy lokalne we współpracy z instytucjami naukowymi, organizacjami pozarządowymi oraz organami administracji publicznej.

EN

The Świętokrzyski Geopark is the first UNESCO Global Geopark in operation situated entirely on the territory of Poland. The location of the geopark in the south-western part of the Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Mountains makes it an area of exceptional geodiversity, which is also reflected in the specificity of the relief. The morphological evolution of this area was conditioned mainly by the diverse lithological and structural features of the Quaternary substrate and the impact of various morphogenetic processes resulting from climatic changes taking place in the Cenozoic. The current topography of the Geopark is the resultant of all these conditions and anthropopressure related to the past and present exploitation of mineral resources. Within the Świętokrzyski Geopark, a model area where these relationships can be observed is the Chęciny-Kielce Landscape Park. The geomorphological heritage, understood as part of the geological heritage related to the land relief, determines the high geotouristic potential of this area. The practical use of this potential for the sustainable socio-economic development of the area covered by the Geopark is the subject of activities carried out by local authorities in cooperation with scientific institutions, non-governmental organizations and public administration bodies.