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1

Microplastic Accumulation in Coral Reef Ecosystems at Peukan Bada District, Aceh Besar

Ulfah Maria, Ziliwu Imelda Nurjanah, Agustina Sri, Octavina Chitra, Khairunnisa Khairunnisa, Yucharoen Mathinee

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 6

291--300

EN

Microplastics are plastic fragments measuring < 5 mm, microplastics that enter the water can damage the growth of coral reefs. The aim of this research is to obtain accurate data on the distribution of microplastics, as an initial step in conservation and mitigation of the impact of plastic waste pollution in the Ujong Pancu area. Sediment samples were taken using coring method. Microplastic identification was carried out at the Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University using a binocular microscope with zig-zag pattern identification. The results of this study are that there are three types of microplastic found in Ujong Pancu waters, namely fiber, film, and fragment types. The average abundance of microplastics in Ujong Pancu Waters ranges from 32–68 particles/kg. The highest average abundance of microplastics is in the northwestern part of Pulau Tuan and the lowest is in Lhok Mata Ie Beach. The highest type of microplastic found was film and the lowest type of microplastic found was fiber. The condition of coral reefs in Ujong Pancu waters is in the moderate category. The relationship between microplastic abundance and the percentage of live coral cover and environmental parameters was 85.01%.

2

Distributions of Rhizostoma pulmo (Macri, 1778) between the Kızılırmak and the Yeşilırmak coast of the Black Sea, Türkiye

Dönmez Memet Ali, Bat Levent

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 3

273--286

EN

This study examined the seasonal distributions of the medusa Rhizostoma pulmo along the coasts of the southern Black Sea between Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak between April 2008 and March 2010. Monthly abundance and biomass values were determined, as well as population parameters.The effect of temperature on medusa distribution wasalso investigated. Results showed that medusa abundance and biomass were highest in autumn, following a period of increased temperature. In contrast, medusa was not observed during the spring season. It was possible to observe the R. pulmo individuals for five months for the first term of investigation period (2008-2009), and seven months for the second term (2009-2010). The highest abundance value was found to be 10 n/m 2 (November 2008 and September 2009) and the highest biomass value was 12.587,5 g/100 m3 (October 2009).

3

Microplastics abundance in domestic wastewater as a pollutant source for the Daroy River, Indonesia

Fauzi Mhd., Soewondo Prayatni, Darnas Yeggi, Handajani Marisa, Tedjakusuma Teddy, Nizar Muhammad, Muna Cut R., Nur Ansiha

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 59

118--125

EN

Domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia is directly discharged to the Daroy River without any treatment process. Domestic wastewater from Gampong Garot has been one of the contributors to microplastics contamination in the Daroy River. The microplastics (MPs) contained in domestic wastewater might come from used soaps and detergent products, as well as the scouring of clothes during washing. Thus, this study aims to investigate the abundance of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot. The sampling points were determined based on purposive sampling, with samples taken at the end of the main pipe that directly leads to the Daroy River. Organics in domestic wastewater were removed using 30% H2O2 liquid through a digestion process at a temperature of 75°C. MPs characteristics such as size, shape, and colour were visually analysed using a light binocular microscope at 100× magnification, while the polymer type was analysed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The concentration of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot was 30.238 ±1.228 particles∙(100 cm)-3 sample. The most common sizes of MPs were found to be in the range of 1,001-5,000 μm, while the dominant colour and shape were transparent and fibre-like. Polyester (PES) was the most detected type of MPs. These findings highlight the need for wastewater treatment before discharge into aquatic bodies.

4

Summer distribution and community structure of surface water mesozooplankton from the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Isinibilir Melek, Aker Vedat, Türkeri Ezgi E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2022

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Vol. 51, No. 4

308--324

EN

The zooplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental parameters were evaluated in the surface waters (0–50 m) of the eastern Mediterranean (the Aegean Sea’s coastal waters and the Levanine Sea’s coastal and offshore waters), from coastal waters to open sea waters, during the summer for two years. A total of 157 species/groups were registered in the study area. Copepods, cladocerans, doliolids, meroplankton and appendicularians represented the most important zooplankton groups. Five copepod species (Corycaeus [Onychocorycaeus] ovalis, Goniopsyllus clausi, Oncaea scottodicarloi, Sapphirina bicuspidata and Scaphocalanus curtus) have been recorded for the first time in Turkish coastal regions; three species (Centropages bradyi, Goniopsyllus clausi and Oncaea scottodicarloi) had not previously been found in the Aegean Sea; and one species (Goniopsyllus clausi) has been added for the first time to the eastern Mediterranean fauna. Moreover, Pleopis schmackeri was already found to be present in both the Aegean Sea and Mediterranean coasts of Turkey in August 2006. Dominant species varied from the coastal waters to open waters. A small number of species belonging to the coastal community (e.g. Penilia avirostris, Pseudevadne tergestina, Oithona plumifera, Paracalanus parvus and Centropages kroyeri) dominated all coastal areas. In contrast, the open water stations were characterised by the presence of typically epipelagic species of the Mediterranean Sea (e.g. Calocalanus spp., Clausocalanus furcatus, Lucicutia flavicornis, Mecynocera clausi, Farranula rostrata, Oncaea scottodicarloi and Oncaea mediterranea).

5

Spatial Distribution and Diversity of Marine Zooplankton Adjacent to the St. Martin's Island, Bangladesh

Alam Md. Jobaer, Kamal A. S. M. Maksud, Ahmed Md. Kawser, Khondker Moniruzzaman, Fayyaz Rafid

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 10

154--163

EN

Bangladesh, a country that lies on the north shores of the Bay of Bengal, has been blessed with a plethora of natural resources. St. Martin’s Island, the only coral-bearing island in Bangladesh, is undoubtedly regarded as one of the most prized possessions. It is rich in biodiversity, but truly scientific information on it is lacking. In the present investigation, 14 stations adjacent to St. Martin’s Island within the Bay of Bengal were sampled for determining the composition, spatial distribution, species richness, and diversity of pelagic zooplankton. Samples were collected in the pre-monsoon hot season. From the community of zooplankton, 34 species were reported. Most of the species belonged to copepods. Besides, Polychaeta and Cirripedia were also present in the community. The most significant species belonged to Oithona, Canthocalanus, Balanus, Euterpina, and Microsetella. Total zooplankton standing crop varied from 45,000–125,000 ind/m3 and the highest number of species (8) were observed at station 7. Strong variability in the distribution of species was observed in the studied stations. The number of genera collected at each station varied from 4–8. Data on species richness (Df) varied from 1.30–3.04 and that of the Shannon-Wiener Index (H) from 1.33–1.93. The species composition of zooplankton and the species richness and the diversity index of the population was comparable to the other studies carried out in the Central and Western Bay of Bengal.

6

The Composition and Abundance of the Macroinvertebrate Fauna in the Leqinat Lake, National Park Bjeshkët e Nemuna, Kosovo

BilalIi Astrit, Ibrahimi Halil, Grapci-Kotori Linda, Musliu Milaim, Geci Donard, Gashi Agim

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 6

173--177

EN

During August and September 2018 we collected the macroinvertebrate fauna in the Leqinat Lake, Kosovo. The Leqinat lake (great lake) is a mountain lake found in the National Park “Bjeshkët e Nemuna” in western Kosovo, shared between Kosovo and Montenegro. Macrozoobenthos specimens were collected with D-frame net of 30×20 cm (600 cm2) diameter. Samples were taken from all available habitats represented with more than 5% of total habitat area on the sampling stretch (multi-habitat sampling procedure). Sampling in riffle section of the lake was done by identifying the riffle segments, disturbing the substratum with the feet while holding the net downstream with the mouth facing upstream. The macrozoobenthos structure during this investigation includes: 2 classes (Bivalvia and Gastropoda), 2 subclasses (Hirudinea and Oligochaeta), 6 orders (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Odonata), 15 families, 6 genera and 86 specimens. The larger numer of families and individuals belongs to the Odonata order (4 families and 47 specimens) followed by Tirchoptera (2 families and 10 specimens), Plecoptera (2 families and 6 specimens), Bivalvia (2 families with 5 specimens) Diptera (1 family with 12 specimens), Ephemeroptera and Hirudinea (1 family with 3 specimens) and Oligochaeta (1 family with only 1 specimens). This investigation is a contribution in knowing the macroinvertebrate fauna and their ecological patterns in alpine lakes in Kosovo.

7

Spatio-temporal variation of microphytoplankton communities in Obhur Creek, the central Red Sea

El-Sherbiny Mohsen M., Al-Harbi Mamdouh A., Kumar Anand J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 1

98--114

EN

The abundance and distribution of microphyto-plankton and related physicochemical factors were assessed monthly in Obhur Creek, the central Red Sea. Sampling was carried out near the entrance, the middle and end parts of the creek. During the course of the present study, the Red Sea was characterized by predominantly oligotrophic conditions. Nutrient concentrations were relatively higher in the end part of the creek compared to the two other study sites. Chlorophyll a was also low throughout the year (average: 0.35 ± 0.32 mg m−3), except in May when it showed clear peaks at open-water and middle sites of the creek (1.85 and 1.04 mg m−3, respectively). Phytoplankton abundance followed a similar pattern to that of chlorophyll a with considerably higher abundance at these sites in May (3063.27 × 103 and 1082.34 × 103 individuals m−3, respectively). This unusually higher abundance was mostly due to the proliferation of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia cf. delicatissima (Cleve) Heiden. Silicate concentrations were statistically significantly correlated with total phytoplankton. A total of 220 phytoplankton species were recorded during the study period (117 diatoms, 99 dinoflagellates and four cyanophytes). Diatoms dominated in the phytoplankton abundance (75%) and were followed by dinoflagellates (20%), while cyanophytes accounted for a minimal proportion. Of all phytoplankton species observed during the study, 21 diatom and four dinoflagellate species were considered as new records for the Red Sea, and two diatom and 14 dinoflagellate species were listed as harmful algal species worldwide.

8

Spatio-temporal variation in the distribution and abundance of marine cladocerans in relation to environmental factors in a productive lagoon (Güllük Bay, SW Aegean Sea, Turkey)

Killi Nurçin

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 4

374--382

EN

In order to understand the effects of some physical (temperature and salinity) and chemical (dissolved oxygen, nitrate and chlorophyll a) factors on the abundance and distribution of cladoceran species, zooplankton samples were seasonally collected between August 2015 and July 2016 from three stations near the entrance to the Boğaziçi Lagoon in Güllük Bay (Aegean Sea, Turkey) using a WP2 plankton net with a mesh size of 200 μm. Four cladoceran species – Penilia avirostris, Pseudevadne tergestina, Evadne spinifera and Pleopis polyphemoides – were found during all sampling events throughout the study period. They showed high abundance in August (4774 ind. m,-3) and October (10 706 ind. m-3) as the dominant zooplankton group. The abundance of Penilia avirostris – the dominant cladoceran at all sampling locations – was estimated up to 10 871 ind. m-3 in October. Pseudevadne tergestina was the second dominant cladoceran. In September, only Pseudevadne tergestina and Pleopis polyphemoides were found in samples in small numbers. The abundance of cladocerans varied significantly throughout the seasons. Two physicochemical factors, temperature and dissolved oxygen, were the main drivers of changes in the cladoceran composition.

9

Seasonal patterns and environmental drivers of nirS- and nirK-encoding denitrifiers in sediments of Daya Bay, China

Shi Rongjun, Xu Shumin, Qi Zhanhui, Huang Honghui, Liang Qingyang

Oceanologia

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2019

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No. 61 (3)

308--320

EN

The seasonal patterns of the denitrifiers (denitrifying bacteria) in the sediment of Daya Bay, southern China, were examined using quantitative PCR and high-throughput MiSeq sequencing methods in spring, summer and winter. The abundance and diversity of nirS-encoding denitrifiers were much higher than that of nirK-encoding denitrifiers, indicating that the former probably dominated the denitrification processes in sediments of Daya Bay. The average abundance and diversity of nirS-encoding denitrifiers were much higher in spring than that in summer and winter, on the other hand, the abundance of nirK-encoding denitrifiers showed the opposite pattern. The species composition of nirS-encoding denitrifiers community in spring differed significantly from that in summer and winter, whereas, no significant difference existed between summer and winter. The dominant environmental drivers for the diversity of community species were NO2-, NO3- and DO concentrations. The abundances of dominant genera of nirS-encoding denitrifiers, Accumulibacter sp. and Cuprizvidus sp., were significantly higher in summer and winter than that in spring, and were negatively correlated with NO2-, NO3-, and DO concentrations ( p < 0.05). In contrast, the abundances of Azoarcus sp. and Halomonas sp., were highest in spring, and were positively correlated with NO3- and NO2- content (p < 0.05). For nirK-encoding denitrifiers, a significant difference in community composition was observed between spring and winter. No obvious correlation was found between community composition of nirK-encoding denitrifiers and environmental parameters.

10

The Composition, Distribution and Abundance of Fish Species According to the Effects of Water Physicochemical Parameters in the Livoq Lake, Kosovo

Grapci-Kotori Linda, Ibrahimi Bekim, Bilalli Astrit, Ibrahimi Halil, Musliu Milaim

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 5

235--241

EN

In this study, the results of fish composition, distribution and abundance are presented according to the effects of water physicochemical parameters from the Livoq Lake in the eastern part of Kosovo. The fish specimens were sampled in six sampling stations in 2018 by using a variety of methods, including electro-fishing devices, fishing rod and cast nets. The measured physicochemical parameters included: water temperature, dissolved oxygen, saturation of dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids. In total, 320 fish specimens were collected, belonging to 10 species of the following 5 families: Cyprinidae, Silurideae, Esocideae, Percideae and Centrarhideae. The most species rich family is Cyprinidae with 6 species in total: Cyprinus caprio Linnaeus, 1758, Rutilus rutilus Linnaeus, 1758, Carassius carassius Linnaeus, 1758, Squalius cephalus Linnaeus, 1758, Leucaspius delineatus Linnaeeus, 1758 and Alburnus alburnus Linnaeus, 1758. Four other families are represented by one species each: Silurideae with Siluris glanis Linnaeus, 1758, Esocidea with Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758, Percideae with Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 and Centrarhideae with Lepomis gibosus Linnaeus, 1758. The knowledge on fish fauna in Kosovo is still very fragmentary, and this investigation contributes to determining the qualitative composition and abundance features based on the water physicochemical parameters in this part of the Balkan Peninsula.

11

Copepoda in the shallow hypersaline Bardawil coastal lake (Egypt ) : Are there long-term changes in composition and abundance?

Anufriieva E. V., El-Shabrawy G. M., Shadrin N. V.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2018

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Vol. 47, No. 3

219--229

EN

Coastal Lake Bardawil (Egypt) is one of the largest hypersaline lakes in the world. In 2009-2010, the authors studied composition, distribution and seasonal dynamics of copepods at 12 sites. A total of 10 species of copepods were recorded in zooplankton during the study period, including 5 Calanoida, 2 Cyclopoida and 3 Harpacticoida. Oithona nana was the most common and most abundant species. All copepods in the lake can be divided into three groups: 1) planktic species that form stable populations, 2) species of Mediterranean plankton incidentally entering the lake from the adjacent sea area, 3) benthic Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida that can be abundant in plankton. Two species - Acartia tonsa and A. danae were recorded here for the first time. The total abundance of copepods in the lake was significantly higher (90 times on average) compared to that observed in 2008-2009 in the waters of the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. Since 1967, the complex of common and dominant copepod species in the lake has changed significantly. The total average annual copepod abundance varied: in 2002 - it was about 4000 ind. m-3, in 2004 - 152 000 ind. m-3, in 2005 - about 25 300 ind. m-3, and in 2009-2010 - about 56 000 ind. m-3.

12

Application of Multiboost-KELM algorithm to alleviate the collinearity of log curves for evaluating the abundance of organic matter in marine mud shale reservoirs: a case study in Sichuan Basin, China

Zhu L., Zhang C., Zhang C., Zhou X., Wang J., Wang X.

Acta Geophysica

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2018

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Vol. 66, no. 5

983--1000

EN

The total organic carbon (TOC) content reflects the abundance of organic matter in marine mud shale reservoirs and reveals the hydrocarbon potential of the reservoir. Traditional TOC calculation methods based on statistical and machine learning have limited effect in improving the computational accuracy of marine mud shale reservoirs. In this study, the collinearity between log curves of marine mud shale reservoirs was revealed for the first time, which was found to be adverse to the improvement of TOC calculation accuracy. To this end, a new TOC prediction method was proposed based on Multiboost-Kernel extreme learning machine (Multiboost-KELM) bridging geostatistics and machine learning technique. The proposed method not only has good data mining ability, generalization ability and sound adaptivity to small samples, but also has the ability to improve the computational accuracy by reducing the effect of collinearity between logging curves. In prediction of two mud shale reservoirs of Sichuan basin with proposed model, the results showed that the predicted value of TOC was in good consistence with the measured value. The root-mean-square error of TOC predicting results was reduced from 0.415 (back-propagation neural networks) to 0.203 and 1.117 (back-propagation neural networks) to 0.357, respectively; the relative error value decreased by up to 8.9%. The Multiboost-KELM algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of TOC in marine mud shale reservoir.

13

Population dynamics of the main copepod species in the Gulf of Gdańsk (the southern Baltic Sea) : abundance, biomass and production rates

Musialik-Koszarowska M., Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L., Kalarus M., Lemieszek A., Maruszak P., Żmijewska M. I.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 2

159--171

EN

The aim of this study was to describe the production biomass and abundance dynamics of the major Baltic calanoid copepods (Acartia spp., Temora longicornis and Pseudocalanus sp.) in the Gulf of Gdańsk (the southern Baltic Sea) during a three-year period from March 2010 to December 2012. the data were collected at six stations located in the western part of the gulf. Acartia spp. was the most abundant taxon throughout the study period. the observed differences in the weighted mean depth for the investigated species were >2 m between nauplii and adults of Acartia spp., >5 m between nauplii and adults of Temora longicornis and 3 m between nauplii and younger copepodites of Pseudocalanus sp. the highest values of the secondary production rates were determined for Acartia spp. − almost 17.55 mg C m-2 d-1 (summer 2011), while Temora longicornis reached 3.80 mg C m-2 d-1 in spring 2010 and Pseudocalanus sp. had the highest secondary production values in summer 2011 − about 1.28 mg C m-2 d-1.

14

Distribution and abundance of larvae of Palaemon elegans (Decapoda) in the southern Baltic Sea

Dziaduch D.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

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2016

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Vol. 31, No. 1

141--145

EN

The assessment of the appearance of non-indigenous species residing in benthic habitats are primarily based on knowledge obtained from their adult stage. However, most of benthic organisms have a planktonic larval stage during their early developmental phase and such a trait is believed to be behind their efficient large-scale spread. The prawn Palaemon elegans invaded into the western part of the Baltic Sea in the 1990s and by 2011 the species had colonized almost the whole sea. Currently, P. elegans has become the most common prawn species inhabiting coastal and open sea areas. The aim of this preliminary survey is to examine spatial distribution, abundance and dispersal ability of the larvae of P. elegans. Material for the studies was collected from the open waters of the southern Baltic Sea (the Gdańsk and Bornholm Basins and the Słupsk Furrow) in summers 2007 and 2008. Larvae (zoeal stages) and also postlarval stages of P. elegans were common in the whole study area and their densities were highest in the Bornholm Basin. Their maximum abundance reached up to 500 ind. · 1000 m-3 in August 2007. In the Słupsk Furrow and the Gdańsk Basin these prawns were found in much lower numbers (about 10 ind. · 1000 m-3). The current study indicates that the dispersal of the larvae of P. elegans with the water currents is one plausible mechanism of the large scale spread of this invasive species to the south-eastern coast of the Baltic Sea as well as, the study confirmed, that the new prawn has high reproductive potential.

PL

Kolonizowanie siedlisk bentosowych przez gatunki obce stwierdza się przede wszystkim po obecności ich form dorosłych. Większość organizmów bentosowych posiada w swoim cyklu życiowym postać larwalną i to na tym etapie rozwoju następuje efektywne i rozległe rozprzestrzenianie się gatunków obcych. Krewetka Palaemon elegans pojawiła się w zachodniej części Bałtyku w latach 90. XX wieku i do 2011 r. skolonizowała prawie całe morze. Obecnie, P. elegans jest najbardziej powszechnym gatunkiem krewetki zasiedlającym przybrzeżne i otwarte wody Bałtyku. Niniejsze badania wstępne mają na celu przedstawienie rozkładu przestrzennego, liczebności oraz możliwości rozprzestrzeniania się larw P. elegans . Materiał do badań zebrano z wód otwartych południowego Bałtyku (Basen Bornholmski, Rynna Słupska i Basen Gdański) latem 2007 i 2008 r. Larwy (stadia zoea) oraz postlarwy P. elegans były powszechne w całym rejonie badań, jednak najliczniej występowały w Basenie Bornholmskim. Ich maksymalna liczebność wyniosła 500 osob. · 1000 m-3 w sierpniu 2007 r. Krewetki te odnotowano również w Rynnie Słupskiej i Basenie Gdańskim, jednak w dużo niższej liczbie, około 10 osob. · 1000 m-3. Niniejsza praca potwierdziła, że rozprzestrzenianie się larw P. elegans na wielką skalę wraz z prądami morskimi ku południowo-wschodnim wybrzeżom Bałtyku oraz wysoki potencjał rozrodczy krewetki jest jednym ze sposobów kolonizacji Bałtyku przez ten inwazyjny gatunek.

15

Distribution and abundance of microflora in sandy beaches on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea

Mudryk Z. J., Perliński P., Skórczewski P., Wielgat M., Zdanowicz M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 3

324--331

EN

The abundance of actinomycetes, filamentous fungi and yeasts in the marine epipsammon habitat and their spatial distribution were studied with conventional plating techniques in two marine beaches (Ustka and Czołpino, southern Baltic Sea) which are characterized by different anthropic pressure levels. Actinomycetes constituted the predominant group of studied microorganisms, while the least numerous were yeasts in the sand of both studied beaches. On both of the beaches researched in this study, the amounts of accumulated actinomycetales, fungi and yeasts were similar. When analyzing the distribution of the microflora along the horizontal beach profiles we found significant differences. In the sand collected along the profile perpendicular to the shoreline in Ustka and Czołpino beaches, the highest numbers of actinomycetes, filamentous fungi and yeasts were noted in the samples from the dune and the lowest in those from the subtidal zone and waterline. Generally, higher numbers of studied microorganisms were observed in the surface than in the subsurface sand layer. The occurrence of actinomycetes, filamentous fungi and yeasts showed considerable seasonal variation.

16

Annual variability of ichthyoplankton in the Yangtze River estuary of China from August 2002 to 2009

Jiang M., Shen X. Q., Li L., Quan W. M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 1

59-69

EN

The annual variability of ichthyoplankton in the Yangtze River estuary, located at the junction of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea, on the continental shelf at the western rim of the Pacific Ocean, was studied using vertical tows at twenty stations from August 2002 to August 2009. Basic oceanographic parameters such as temperature and salinity were also measured to evaluate their relationship to the abundance of ichthyoplankton. The eggs or larvae of a total of 34 fish species were present in the samples. Only 8 species were found to occur during every year. Engraulis japonicus and Stolephorus commersonii eggs, as well as Coilia mystus and Stolephorus commersonii larvae, were highly abundant during this period. Additionally, water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir, which began in June 2003, had significant effects on the abundance of estuarine species, as well as on the composition and diversity of ichthyoplankton; this became evident when these values were compared to the findings from 2002. The number of species (species richness) and abundance of each species varied among the stations relative to the salinity in the estuary during the study period.

17

Changes in the structure of phytoplankton in the lowest part of the Cybina River and the Maltański Reservoir

Kozak A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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Vol. 39, No.1

85-94

EN

The floristic composition, abundance, and biomass of phytoplankton in the Cybina River and the Maltański Reservoir were examined from April to October 2005. The analysis of the phytoplankton in the samples revealed statistically significant differences in both composition and abundance. The maximum abundance (39.2 × 10^3 ind. cm^-3) and biomass (56.8 μg cm^-3) of phytoplankton was noted in July 2005 at the outlet from the Maltański Reservoir. The lowest phytoplankton density was most often noted at the site located at the inlet of the Cybina River into the Maltański Reservoir. The quantitative and qualitative compositions of the phytoplankton varied at different sites. The highest taxonomical similarity was noted among the samples collected in the reservoir and at the outflow from it.

18

Influence of the Heavy Metals Polluting the Soil on the Pedofauna of the Selected Parks in Kraków

Chrzan A., Marko-Worłowska M., Łaciak T.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2010

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Vol. 17, nr 1

9-15

EN

The high density of the metals in the soil, due to its toxic influence to the microflora, plants as well as to the pedofauna (mesofauna), can negatively affect the functioning of the soil subsystem. In order to evaluate the toxicity of the metals to mesofauna of the soil 3 areas were chosen where the diversity, the number and the content of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Fe and Zn in the soil were detected. The humidity, temperaturę and pH of the soil were also analyzed. The chosen areas were situated in 3 different city parks in Kraków. The significant differences of the Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Fe and Zn content as well as in the density and diversity of the mesofauna were noted. It was detected that cadmium is toxic to the mesofauna. The nickel and the zinc have the similar effects.

PL

Zwiększona zawartość metali w glebie może niekorzystnie oddziaływać na funkcjonowanie podsystemu glebowego poprzez toksyczny wpływ na mikroflorę, rośliny, a także pedofaunę i funkcjonowanie podsystemu glebowego. W celu oceny toksyczności metali dla mezofauny glebowej wyznaczono 3 stanowiska badawcze, na których zbadano jej zróżnicowanie, zageszczenie, a także zawartość Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Fe i Zn w glebie. Zbadano również wilgotność, temperaturę oraz pH gleby. Odnotowano różnice w zawartości metali ciężkich oraz w zageszczeniu i zróżnicowaniu mezofauny. Stwierdzono także toksyczny wpływ kadmu na mezofaunę. Nikiel i cynk ma wpływ na mezofaunę podobny jak kadm.

19

Metale ciężkie w glebie i organizmach bęzkręgowców glebowych

Chrzan A., Marko-Worłowska M., Łaciak T.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2009

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Vol. 3, No. 1

59--62

PL

W celu oceny toksyczności metali dla mezofauny glebowej zbadano zróżnicowanie, liczebność oraz zawartość Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn zarówno w glebie, jak i w ciele zasiedlającej ją fauny wybranych siedlisk trawiastych. Badane stanowiska były położone blisko traktów komunikacyjnych o różnym stopniu nasilenia ruchu pojazdów mechanicznych i dla porównania w parku miejskim. Gleby charakteryzował podobny odczyn oraz mała wilgotność. Różniły się one natomiast zawartością metali ciężkich. Gleba w parku miejskim wykazała mniejszą zawartość Pb i małą pozostałych metali ciężkich, a jednocześnie największe zagęszczenie mezofauny. Natomiast w organizmach badanych zwierząt glebowych stwierdzono duże stężenia metali ciężkich na stanowiskach o dużej zawartości tych metali w glebie.

EN

The heavy metals that get into the organisms influence their vital processes. In order to evaluate the toxicity of metals to mesofauna of the soil the diversity, the number and the content of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn in the soil and in the body of the fauna of grass habitats were analyzed. The chosen areas were situated near the roads with different rates of traffic flow and, to compare, in the city park. The soils were characterized by similar pH reaction and the low humidity. They differ in the content of the heavy metals. The soil in the city park showed the lowest concentration of Pb and low for the other heavy metals and, at the same time, the highest density of mesofauna. Whereas in the organisms of the animals of the soil analyzed the high concentration of the heavy metals on the habitats with the high concentration of these metals in the soil was detected.

20

Relationship between seed size and plant abundance in an alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Liu B., Luo Y.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 3

573-579

EN

Theoretical and field studies on seed size and plant abundance relationship have been conducted in various communities. However, inconsistent patterns have emerged from these studies, and still little is known about alpine meadows. Here we identified four models and their predictions: the seed size/number trade-off model (SSNTM), the succession model (SM), the spatial competition model (SCM), and the triangle model (TM), in order to assess the relationship between seed size and abundance in alpine meadows, and to elucidate underlying mechanisms. The study site was situated on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau at 3500 m above sea level. From 1999 through 2001, two indices of plant abundance (aboveground biomass and density) were simultaneously measured in 45 quadrates (0.25 m[^2]). Data for 101 plant species (mostly Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae and forbs) showed that seed size is like log normal distributed, and it slightly skewed in smaller-sized seeds. The SSNTM, the TM, the SM and the SCM models were not supported in this alpine meadow, and the relationship between seed size and abundance was always positive (although in some samples, the relationship was not significant). The positive correlation between seed size and abundance observed for some grassland communities was also demonstrated in the alpine meadow. It suggests that seed size depends on the plant growth form, but the biomass-density relationship is inconsistent with previous studies. This suggests that the measure of abundance used in these studies is not the only reason for inconsistency of seed size.