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Spatial evaluation rainfall estimation on weather radar using Marshall-Palmer reflectivity-rainfall rate in Banten

Hartanto, Humaidi Syahrul, Frida Erna, Ananda Naufal, Sinambela Marzuki

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 62

193--200

EN

Based on data from the National Disaster Management Agency (Ind.: Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana - BNPB), throughout 2022, more than 91% of disaster events were hydrometeorological disasters, with floods at 43% and landslides at 17%. One of the factors for floods and landslides is high rainfall intensity. Automatic rain gauge (ARG) is a rainfall observation instrument that can accurately measure rainfall at observation points. However, it has problems such as communication systems that cause delays in data transmission, low instrument density, and inability to cover a wide spatial area, which can affect the accuracy of rainfall information. Weather radar is a remote sensing instrument that can estimate rainfall spatially so that weather radar observations can reach areas of the region that do not have ARG. However, before being used as rainfall information, estimation rainfall needs to be evaluated or calibrated. Evaluation of rainfall estimation on weather radar to ARG in Banten at a 30-120 km distance range, shows a coefficient of determination above 0.8. Based on the studies that have been conducted, increase of root mean square error (RMSE) is due to influence of radar observation range and observation distance on ARG. Adjustment of rainfall estimation improves the accuracy of rainfall estimation. Adjusting rainfall estimation can reduce RMSE by 50%.

2

WR 2120 weather radar in support of navigation safety – operational experience

Dyrcz Czesław

Annual of Navigation

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2024

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No. 29

1--15

EN

In the 1950s, radars began to be used for meteorological purposes, i.e. to detect and track storms and precipitation. A new field of knowledge has emerged: weather radar, which studies the differences between the reflections of radar signals obtained from different types of clouds and precipitation. Weather radar is a device used to observe precipitation: its location, intensity, type and movement. This data is used in forecasting the future location and intensity of rainfall. The general principle of operation of meteorological radars, and their construction, are like other types of radars, and the parameters and method of performing measurements (wavelength, resolution, range, scanning method, etc.) have been adapted to the measurements of meteorological objects. The aim of the article is to present the basics of radar meteorology by illustrating the structure and principles of operation of a weather radar, presenting the WR 2120 radar installed at the Polish Naval Academy along with its products, and the impact of the information obtained on navigational safety at sea. The main research methods used during the implementation of the article were the analysis of literature related to the topic and observations made on the WR 2120 weather radar. An obvious fact is the short period of observations due to the operating time of the radar in the METOC laboratory. The general conclusions that arise are the advantage of weather radars over other means of transmitting the meteorological situation in the ability to observe "live", which is particularly important in detecting and tracking zones of intense rainfall and storms that affect safety. The current use of weather radars at sea is related to fixed installations (permanent offshore installations, drilling ships, platforms, floating oil storage facilities, etc.) where there is no need to use stabilization of antenna arrays. The future and widespread use of weather radars at sea may be related to the use of antenna stabilizing platforms. However, this is currently the future. Looking at military applications (air, landing operations, SAR, RAS, etc.), it will probably be possible very soon.

3

Simplified model for calculation of clutters caused by wind turbines

Dziewit Z., Bucki B.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2017

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Vol. 5, Iss. 2

3--12

EN

metallic parts. Based on the assumption that only moving, metallic parts of a turbine cause echoes indelible by standard filtering used in radar signal preprocessing, a method of preliminary evaluation of such maximum potential clutters was developed. The method takes into account how great a part of a turbine is really illuminated by a radar beam and for this part calculates a RCS (Radar Cross Section) and its equivalent radar reflectivity. A very detailed description of the model is given in this article in order for it to be easy to implement in any calculation system. Discussion of the influence of the main simplifications assumed in this model, as well as a comparison of the theoretical results with example data in operational mode of radar work, are included in this article.

4

Porównanie danych opadowych z sieci deszczomierzy i radaru meteorologicznego dla Wrocławia

Siekanowicz-Grochowina K., Licznar P., Konieczny T., Zaleski J.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2017

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Nr 7

303--307

PL

W pracy dokonano porównania danych opadowych zarejestrowanych za pomocą deszczomierzy, należących do Miejskiego Przedsiębiorstwa Wodociągów i Kanalizacji S. A. we Wrocławiu oraz przy użyciu radaru meteorologicznego zlokalizowanego w Pastwniku (województwo dolnośląskie), urządzenia działającego w sieci POLRAD Instytutu Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej. Analizie poddano szeregi opadowe z letniego półrocza 2014 roku. Zidentyfikowano współrzędne komórek siatki zobrazowania radarowego, które odpowiadają lokalizacji deszczomierzy MPWiK we Wrocławiu. Na tej podstawie wydzielono 10-cio minutowe szeregi czasowe zarejestrowanych odbiciowości radarowych, które zostały transponowane w docelowe szeregi natężeń opadów na podstawie przyjętej zależności Z-R. Szeregi wartości natężeń opadów według radaru zostały porównane z odpowiadającymi im szeregami wartości natężeń opadów zarejestrowanych za pomocą deszczomierzy. Kolejno, poddano ocenie korelację danych o natężeniach opadów z sieci deszczomierzy i przeliczonych na podstawie odbiciowości zarejestrowanej przez radar. W podsumowaniu zawarto identyfikację czynników wpływających na badaną korelację danych opadowych z analizowanych źródeł dla Wrocławia.

EN

In this article the comparison between precipitation data obtained from rain-gauge network belonging to MPWiK S.A. in Wrocław and from meteorological radar located in Pastewnik (Lower Silesia, Poland) – device working in POLRAD system, property of Institute of Meteorology and Water Management was performed. Precipitation time series for summer half-year 2014 were analysed. The cell coordinates from radar grid corresponded to MPWiK’s rain-gauges localization were identified. 10minutes time series of registered radar reflectivity were transposed to rainfall intensity using Z-R relationship. Time series of rain intensity from rain-gauges network and radar were compared. The correlation between precipitation intensity data from two sources, rain-gauges network and radar, was evaluated In the summery, the identification of factors influenced on correlation between precipitation data for Wrocław obtained from rain-gauges network and radar was conduct.

5

MeteoGIS: GIS-based system for monitoring of severe meteorological phenomena

Jurczyk A., Ośródka K., Szturc J., Giszterowicz M., Przeniczny P., Tkocz G.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2015

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Vol. 3, Iss. 2

49--61

EN

The MeteoGIS system developed at the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute in Poland is a GIS-based system for real-time monitoring of weather and the generation of meteorological warnings. Apart from its monitoring features, it can also provide more advanced analysis, including SQL (Structured Query Language) queries and statistical analyses. Input data are provided mainly by the INCA-PL 2 nowcasting model which employs forecasts from the high-resolution AROME numerical weather prediction model and measurement data from the Polish weather radar network POLRAD and surface meteorological stations. As well as this, data from the PERUN lighting detection system are used. Ingestion of such data allows for the mitigation of risk from potentially hazardous weather phenomena such as extreme temperatures, strong wind, thunderstorms, heavy rain and subsequent impending floods. The following meteorological parameters at ground level are visualised in the MeteoGIS: (i) precipitation (accumulation and type), (ii) temperature, (iii) wind (speed and direction), (iv) lightning (locations and type). End users of the system are workers from civil protection services who are interested in shortterm warnings against severe weather events, especially area-oriented ones (related to districts, catchments, etc.). The reliability of visualised data is a very important issue, and from the MeteoGIS user’s point of view the improvement in data quality is a continuous process.

6

Radarowa detekcja superkomórek burzowych w Polsce

Pilorz W.

Teledetekcja Środowiska

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2014

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T. 51

93--105

EN

“Supercell storms are capable of producing the most violent of hail, wind and tornado events (Moller et. al. 1994); thus they are the most important storm type to forecast and detect” (Moller 2001). Supercell storm is defined by “presence of a deep and persistent, rotating updraft called a mesocyclone” (Weisman and Klemp 1984). Mesocyclone presence leads to the specific vertical storm structure seen as a Bounded Weak Echo Region. Mesocyclone presence also leads to the changes in the horizontal shape of the storm, observed on the radar reflecivity in a low elevation as a hook echo. Large hail, associated with supercells, is a very important threat to detect. It can be easily recognized by the presence of the reflecivity more than 50 dBZ, above 8 km above ground level (Burgess and Lemon 1990). Nine cases of supercells in Poland between 2007 and 2013 were examined. Results show that all quoted features were present. Moreover, most of them appeared before the threat which they indicate. It means that threats associated with supercells can be predicted in a short time.

7

Asymilacja trójwymiarowej odbiciowości radarowej do numerycznego modelu meteorologicznego metodą zespołowego filtru Kalmana : metodyka i eksperyment

Szturc J., Jakubiak J., Jurczyk A., Ośródka K.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2014

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Z. 1-2

19--38

EN

Assimilation of 3d weather radar reflectivity to nwp model using ensemble Kalman filtering: methodology and experiment

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Experiments with three-dimensional radar reflectivity data assimilation into the COAMPS model

Jakubiak B., Szturc J., Ośródka K., Jurczyk A.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2014

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Vol. 2, Iss. 1

43--54

EN

High temporal and spatial resolution of radar measurements enables to continuously observe dynamically evolving meteorological phenomena. Three-dimensional (3D) weather radar reflectivity data assimilated into the numerical weather prediction model has the potential to improve initial description of the atmospheric model state. The paper is concentrated on the development of radar reflectivity assimilation technique into COAMPS mesoscale model using an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) type assimilation schemes available in Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) programming environment. Before weather radar data enter into the assimilation system, the measurement errors are eliminated through quality control procedures. At first artifacts associated with non-meteorological errors are removed using the algorithms based on analysis of reflectivity field pattern. Then procedures for correction of the reflectivity data are employed, especially due to radar beam blockage and attenuation in rain. Each of the correction algorithms is connected with generation of the data quality characteristic expressed quantitatively by so called quality index (QI). In order to avoid transformation of data uncertainty into assimilation scheme only the radar gates successfully verified by means of the quality algorithms were employed in the assimilation. The proposed methodology has been applied to simulate selected intense precipitation events in Poland in May and August 2010.