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Optymalizacja tworzenia tras linii publicznego transportu zbiorowego z użyciem PTV Visum

Fierek Szymon, Kapica Daniel

Transport Miejski i Regionalny

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2025

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nr 2

8--13

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodę projektowania oraz oceny efektywności tras publicznego transportu zbiorowego przy wykorzystaniu symulacyjnego modelowania ruchu w programie PTV Visum, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem nowej funkcjonalności o nazwie Public Transport Line Constructor (PTLC). Autorzy podkreślają konieczność symulacyjnego testowania nowych ofert transportowych ze względu na ryzyko i koszty związane z eksperymentowaniem bezpośrednio na funkcjonującym systemie. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono wskaźnikowej ocenie systemu transportowego, analizując kompleksowość i efektywność nowej sieci. W artykule przeprowadzono analizę dwóch wariantów optymalizacyjnych nowej sieci autobusowej w mieście Halle przy pomocy PTLC, uzyskując wzrost liczby pasażerów oraz poprawę jakości obsługi transportowej. Autorzy wskazali również ograniczenia wykorzystanej metody, między innymi brak możliwości tworzenia linii okrężnych oraz bariery w definiowaniu maksymalnej liczby wozokilometrów. Pomimo tych ograniczeń przedstawione narzędzie uznano za wartościowe i rekomendowano do dalszych badań oraz praktycznego zastosowania.

EN

This article presents a methodology for designing and evaluating the efficiency of public transportation routes using traffic simulation modelling in PTV Visum software, highlighting the new functionality called the Public Transport Line Constructor (PTLC). The authors emphasize the necessity of simulation-based testing of new transportation offerings due to the risks and costs associated with direct experimentation on operational systems. Particular attention was given to comprehensive performance evaluations of the new network’s complexity and effectiveness. The study analysed two optimisation scenarios for a new bus network in the city of Halle using PTLC, resulting in increased passenger numbers and improved service quality indicators. The authors also noted the limitations of the applied method, such as the inability to create circular lines and constraints in defining maximum vehicle-kilometres. Despite these limitations, the tool was considered valuable and recommended for further research and practical applications.

2

Optimization of urban transport vehicle tasks for large, mixed fleet of vehicles and real-world constraints

Kisielewski Piotr, Duda Jerzy, Karkula Marek, Skalna Iwona, Redmer Adam, Fierek Szymon

Archives of Transport

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2024

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Vol. 70, iss. 2

67--78

EN

Planning the operation of urban public transport vehicles is the first stage of operational planning and consists of combining timetable trips, which are input data, into blocks that constitute the daily tasks of vehicles. For a large mixed fleet of vehicles of various types, especially those with battery power that requires recharging, operating from many depots, with numerous requirements and rolling stock constraints, the problem is a major engineering challenge, even for an experienced team of planners. IT solutions based on realistic, mathematical decision-making models and fast optimization algorithms can be of a great assistance. For the problem formulated this way, a mathematical decision model with a multi-criteria objective function was built, taking into account technical, economic, and ecological criteria and binary decision variables. The model takes into account the real requirements and constraints, a mixed fleet of different types of vehicles, including electric buses, multiple depots, technical trips (deadheads), and battery charging. The considered problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization one. The use of classical, exact algorithms to solve this problem is not possible for timetables with many thousands of line trips and fleets of hundreds or thousands of vehicles. This research proposes an original, dedicated heuristic algorithm, enabling to obtain an acceptable, but still suboptimal solution, in a very short time. The tests of the proposed algorithm were carried out on real-life databases of public transport systems of the two selected medium and large Polish cities. In particular, multiple depots, a mixed fleet of different types of vehicles, and real-world constraints were taken into account. The results of the computer experiments carried out using the developed heuristic were compared with the results obtained manually by a team of experienced and expert planners. For the developed multi-criteria decision-making model results comparable to and better than those prepared manually by experts were obtained in a very short time using the pro-posed heuristic. It is the basis for the further development works on expanding the model and improving the optimization algorithm.

3

Graphical delimitation of settlement units. A tool for assessing the compactness of the urban structure in the context of the tod index examination

Fierek Szymon, Kaźmierczak Bartosz

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz

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2023

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Z. 15

207--224

EN

The article presents the original, mixed method of determining the range of individual settlement units within the existing administrative areas. Using GIS tools and raster graphics processing programs, it is possible to delimit urbanised clusters also in rural areas, for which no separate statistical and spatial data is collected. Additionally, thanks to the application of the presented method, it is possible – in some cases, to indicate the centrality of a given settlement unit, even in the absence of a spatially crystallised place, such as a square or main public park. The tool can be used on a subregional and local scale both to identify compact building structures in order to value them in terms of spatial order and to study their potential for transport-oriented development.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono autorską mieszaną metodę wyznaczania zasięgu poszczególnych jednostek osadniczych w obrębie istniejących obszarów administracyjnych. Wykorzystując narzędzia GIS i programy z zakresu grafiki wektorowej i rastrowej, możliwe jest wyodrębnienie skupisk obszarów zurbanizowanych także na obszarach wiejskich, dla których nie są gromadzone odrębne dane statystyczne i przestrzenne. Dodatkowo dzięki zastosowaniu prezentowanej metody możliwe jest wskazanie zwartych zespołów zabudowy w celu identyfikacji ich jakości w zakresie ładu przestrzennego, jak i do określenia ich potencjału dla rozwoju zorientowanego na transport. Narzędzie może być stosowane w skali subregionalnej i lokalnej.

4

Determining lower bound on number of vehicle blocks in multi-depot vehicle scheduling problem with mixed fleet covering electric buses

Duda Jerzy, Fierek Szymon, Karkula Marek, Kisielewski Piotr, Puka Radosław, Redmer Adam, Skalna Iwona

Archives of Transport

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2023

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Vol. 65, iss. 1

27--38

EN

Scheduling buses in public transport systems consists in assigning trips to vehicle blocks. To minimize the cost of fuel and environmental impact of public transport, the number of vehicle blocks used should be as small as possible, but sufficient to cover all trips in a timetable. However, when solving real life transportation problems, it is difficult to decide whether the number of vehicle blocks obtained from an algorithm is minimal, unless the actual minimal number is already known, which is rare, or the theoretical lower bound on the number of vehicles has been determined. The lower bound on the number of vehicle blocks is even more important and useful since it can be used both as a parameter that controls the optimization process and as the minimum expected value of the respective optimization criterion. Therefore, methods for determining the lower bound in transportation optimization problems have been studied for decades. However, the existing methods for determining the lower bound on the number of vehicle blocks are very limited and do not take multiple depots or heterogeneous fleet of vehicles into account. In this research, we propose a new practical and effective method to assess the lower bound on the number of vehicle blocks in the Multi-Depot Vehicle Scheduling Problem (MDVSP) with a mixed fleet covering electric vehicles (MDVSP-EV). The considered MDVSP-EV reflects a problem of public transport planning encountered in medium-sized cities. The experimental results obtained for a real public transport system show the great potential of the proposed method in determining the fairly strong lower bound on the number of vehicle blocks. The method can generate an estimated distribution of the number of blocks during the day, which may be helpful, for example, in planning duties and crew scheduling. An important advantage of the proposed method is its low calculation time, which is very important when solving real life transportation problems.

5

Multi-objective optimization model for a multi-depot mixed fleet electric vehicle scheduling problem with real-world constraints

Duda Jerzy, Karkula Marek, Puka Radosław, Skalna Iwona, Fierek Szymon, Redmer Adam, Kisielewski Piotr

Transport Problems

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2022

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T. 17, z. 4

137--149

EN

This paper presents the problem of public transport planning in terms of the optimal use of the available fleet of vehicles and reductions in operational costs and environmental impact. The research takes into account the large fleet of vehicles of various types that are typically found in large cities, including the increasingly widely used electric buses, many depots, and numerous limitations of urban public transport. The mathematical multi-criteria mathematical model formulated in this work considers many important criteria, including technical, economic, and environmental criteria. The preliminary results of the Mixed Integer Linear Programming solver for the proposed model on both theoretical data and real data from urban public transport show the possibility of the practical application of this solver to the transport problems of medium-sized cities with up to two depots, a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles, and up to about 1500 daily timetable trips. Further research directions have been formulated with regard to larger transport systems and new dedicated heuristic algorithms.