The problem of large speed loss exists in the traditional passing through the electric phase-separation method of trains, which is more prominent when trains pass through an electric phase-separation zone in the uphill section of long ramps and may lead to the trains not passing through the phase-separation zone safely. In order to solve this problem, based on the energy storage type railroad power conditioner, a train uninterrupted phase-separation passing system based on the energy storage type railroad power conditioner is proposed. The energy storage railroad power conditioner can realize the recovery and utilization of regenerative braking energy of the electrified railroad. In the structure of the energy storage railroad power conditioner, the single-phase inverter is led from the middle DC side of the energy storage railroad power conditioner and connected to the neutral line through the LCL filter and the step-up transformer, which constitutes an uninterrupted phase separation passing system. The single-phase inverter is controlled using virtual synchronous generator technology, which allows the single-phase inverter to have external characteristics similar to those of a synchronous generator, providing support for the voltage and frequency in the neutral zone. The power required by the train to pass the electric phase-separation is provided by the power supply arm or the energy storage system, which not only improves the utilization rate of regenerative braking energy but also realizes the uninterrupted phase separation passing of the train through the control of the voltage in the neutral region.
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In this paper, the high-speed clinching named electromagnetic-driven clinching (EMDC) method was adopted and analyzed by experiment, numerical simulation and theoretical calculation. The deformation behavior and mechanical properties of 5052-O EMDC joints have been investigated. The result showed that the punch speed can reach 3 m/s, The maximum strain rate of the EMDC process can reach 6000 s−1. The EMDC process can be divided into deep drawing, interlocking, and unloading stages. The neck thickness tN changes mainly in deep drawing stage. The interlock value tU changes mainly in interlocking stage. The discharge voltage level can precisely control the formation of the joint. With the increase of the discharge voltage, the tN did not change significantly, while the tU increased and mechanical properties of the joint gradually improved. When the discharge voltage was 3.4 kV, the shear and tensile joint strength were 1571 N and 746 N, respectively. The simulation results and the theoretical calculations were in good agreement with the experimental results.
High-power laser systems mostly use coherent or incoherent combined beams to achieve higher laser output power to satisfy the application. However, the far-field beam quality of laser will be reduced when propagating over atmosphere. Based on the propagation model of laser beams array, we use atmospheric coherence length, laser duration and average wind velocity to construct dynamic atmospheric turbulence which is characterized as a phase screen sequence. Meanwhile, considered as the indexes to evaluate beam quality, peak intensity and intensity in bucket are comparatively analysed in coherent and incoherent combined beams in far-field. The results indicate that in weaker turbulence circumstances, coherent combined beam has an advantage compared with the incoherent combined beams when laser duration is short, and coherent combination is more suitable for pulsed laser. With laser duration is increasing, the beam quality of incoherent and coherent combined beams both decrease and tend to be close. In stronger turbulence circumstances, the corresponding laser duration will be shorter when the beam quality of coherent combined beams is extraordinary close to that of incoherent combined beams. The researches can provide important data for high-power laser system to select the optimal beam combination mode to improve its performance.
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