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1

Segmenting SMEs in Central Europe’s coal mining region based on green finance awareness

Klimková Kristýna, Rydzewski Rafał

Managerial Economics

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2025

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Vol. 26, no. 2

207--231

EN

The shift from traditional fossil fuel energy to cleaner, renewable energy has the potential to help achieve long-term sustainability goals. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the renewable energy sector. This study aims to provide an integrative review of the global impacts and challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic on the renewable energy sector and highlight the energy-related lessons and emerging opportunities by capturing the main trends in the field. First, the integrative review identifies five themes. Second, the study identifies the aspects of renewable energy that are influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Third, the study proposes a conceptual framework highlighting the impacts and challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic on renewable energy demand and consumption patterns, and these results are further supported by the aggregate dimensions identified through inductive analysis. The three main energy challenges are: the healthcare sector primarily dealing with disease control; associated environmental impacts with challenges relating to fluctuating and uncertain energy demand and consumption, structural and pattern changes, greenhouse gas emissions, local air quality, energy transmission infrastructure, and oil production and transmission network; associated economic impact dealing with industrial activities including households, agriculture, public and commercial sector, energy import/ export, sales revenue and expenditure, social sector factors, funding schemes, and subsidies, technology R&D, and overall economic welfare. The study also makes theoretical and practical propositions for researchers and policymakers.

2

Pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs as tools for interpreting palaeoenvironmental changes in the Miocene lignite in the Chłapowo Cliff (northern Poland)

Worobiec Elżbieta, Worobiec Grzegorz, Widera Marek

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2025

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Vol. 95, No. 2

161--178

EN

Palynological analysis of samples taken from the lignite, exposed in the Chłapowo Cliff on the southern Baltic coast, allowed the reconstruction of the vegetation and palaeoclimate that predominated during the accumulation of the peat, from which the lignite was formed. In addition to pollen grains and spores, particular attention was given to non-pollen palynomorphs, such as algal, fungal and invertebrate micro-remains (Cladocera) that enabled a more accurate reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment. The lignite belongs to the 2nd Lusatian seam, which is an important correlation level in Central Europe, dated to the latest Early Miocene to the early Middle Miocene. The textural and structural features of the lignite seam indicate that the depositional environment of the peat is loosely combined with the overbank zone of an anastomosing or meandering river system. The results of the palynological study show the presence of wetland vegetation, including shrub bogs (most similar in their composition to modern pocosins, growing between river channels) and riparian forests, growing on periodically flooded areas and mesophilous vegetation, occurring in the vicinity. The composition of the palynoflora, including the thermophilic taxa, such as Sapotaceae and Meliaceae, indicates that the climate was warm, close to subtropical, with a mean annual temperature range of 15.7–17.8 °C.

3

Spatial distribution and typology of public transport electric traction networks in Central Europe

Bárta Martin

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

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2024

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nr 27(2)

33--50

EN

This study presents a consistent and transferable methodology for identifying and analyzing continuous urban electric traction networks - specifically trams, trolleybuses, and metro systems - in Central European cities. Using data from OpenStreetMap, enriched with official transport sources and field verification, we defined 113 integrated networks across Czechia, Hungary, Germany, Poland, Austria, Slovakia, and Switzerland. Key absolute and relative indicators - such as total network length and composite density - were calculated for each system, and linked to standardized statistical units (LAU, NUTS). At least minimal electric public transport infrastructure was identified in 366 municipalities. The study examines spatial patterns in network distribution and tests several hypotheses, including whether capital cities with metro systems also host the most extensive tram and trolleybus networks, and how urbanization levels affect network density. The findings confirm that larger and more urbanized cities tend to support more complex and denser electric transport systems, but also reveal exceptions influenced by historical and spatial factors. The analysis demonstrates that using only urbanized areas yields more meaningful comparisons than relying on entire administrative boundaries. A seven-category typology was developed to enable comparative assessment of network significance and urban transport potential across the region. The results offer a robust database for further spatial and transport analyses and highlight the value of network density as an indicator of public transport quality. This approach can be applied in other regions worldwide, supporting sustainable mobility research and planning.

4

Chronology and distribution of Pleistocene woolly rhinoceros: A review of the archival data from Poland

Pawłowska Kamilla, Dedła Kajetan, Płonka Katarzyna

Geologos

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2024

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Vol. 30, No. 2

95--117

EN

This work provides a review of the state of knowledge of woolly rhinoceroses in Poland. We compile research results from the 19th century to the present day and consider the collected data not only quantitatively, but above all qualitatively. Here we present a list of 215 sites from Poland where the remains of the woolly rhinoceros have been found. Studies of woolly rhinos from Poland usually employ small samples. Our compilation of data also reveals that there is currently no basis for drawing conclusions regarding the geographical distribution pattern of the species in Poland. Only a small number of works have focused on matching the places where remains occurred with the geological conditions of the area and their depositional history. Moreover, the results show that the resolution of the radiocarbon dates that are currently published is insufficient to allow conclusions about the chronology of woolly rhinoceroses in Poland to be drawn. No works to date have dealt with any aspect of palaeopopulation research. The woolly rhinoceros is not present in Palaeolithic art in Poland. A summary of our knowledge of this taxon is the starting point for our multi-aspect research into this topic.

5

Strategies of Central European countries in the energy dimension during the Russian-Ukrainian war

Paszkowski Michał

Energy Policy Studies

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2023

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No. 1 (12)

3--12

EN

The Russian-Ukrainian war had a significant impact on the energy situation of Central European countries and significantly influenced the need to activate efforts to diversify the sources and directions of energy supply, as well as activities to reduce natural gas demand. The energy dependence built over the years by the Russian Federation was characterized primarily by the development of infrastructure and the conclusion of longterm contracts. The aim of the article was to analyze the activities of the Central European countries of the European Union during the Russian-Ukrainian war and to define the key activities that were primarily undertaken in 2022 towards ensuring energy security. The starting point was the thesis that the Central Europe countries made optimal use of the existing energy infrastructure, which made it possible to reduce the impact of the Russian Federation on the energy security of this countries and ensure the availability of commodity.

6

Quaternary stratigraphy of Poland – current status

Marks Leszek

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2023

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Vol. 73, no. 3

307–-340

EN

A critical verification of the previous stratigraphic Quaternary subdivisions has updated the setting of the strati-graphic units in Poland. Inconsequently applied classification and terminology in the Polish Quaternary stratig-raphy has been accompanied by arbitrary correlation with marine isotope stages. This has resulted in the creation of several stratigraphic units, occasionally with ambiguous stratigraphic setting and chronology, and usually devoid of the type sections. A record of most of the Early and Middle Pleistocene is full of sedimentary hiatuses. The detailed stratigraphic setting of 5 glaciations (Nidanian, Sanian 1, Sanian 2, Odranian and Vistulian) and 4 interglacials (Podlasian, Ferdynandovian, Mazovian and Eemian) has been established in the Pleistocene of Poland. The palaeomagnetic Brunhes/Matuyama boundary was determined within the Podlasian Interglacial and therefore, the oldest glaciation (Nidanian) has no equivalent anywhere in Europe. The stratigraphic units distinguished are correlated with those in Western Europe and with the marine isotope stages. The Quaternary stratigraphy in Poland is faced with the necessity of how to define regional stratotypes of the main stratigraphic units and boundaries. A crucial issue is to change the approach from a qualitative description of the stratigraphic units to one based also on selected quantitative criteria.

7

Kultura strategiczna Węgier w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa po zmianach ustrojowych

Balogh Olivér

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

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2021

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R. 11, Nr 20

33--45

PL

Celem poniższego artykułu jest przeprowadzenie analizy na temat kultury strategicznej Węgier po zmianach ustrojowych. Poznanie węgierskiej kultury strategicznej jest niezbędne do zrozumienia decyzji strategicznych i politycznych dotyczących bezpieczeństwo dla sojuszników oraz partnerów politycznych. Węgierska strategia opiera się między innymi na położeniu geopolitycznym, doświadczeniach historycznych o sytuacji wewnętrznej i zewnętrznej. Węgry są małym krajem, co uwarunkuje jego kulturę strategiczną. Kraj podobnie jak inne państwa w regionie po upadku Układu Warszawskiego jednoznacznie określił cel strategiczny - dołączenie się do struktury euroatlantyckiej. Najważniejszymi momentami okresu badanego jest zaproszenie do Organizacji Traktatu Północnoatlantyckiego w 1999 roku oraz dołączenie do Unii Europejskiej w 2004 roku. W badanym okresie 1990-2020 zostało wydanych 5 strategii bezpieczeństwa narodowego. Dokumenty te są podstawą do analizy kierunku rozwoju, jak i współpracy w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa kraju. Węgry od zmian ustrojowych prowadzili pokojową politykę w regionie. Mimo zgrzytów historycznych ciągnących się od dwóch wojen światowych, traktaty pokojowe nie zostały głównym elementem kultury nienawiści i wrogości. Najnowsza strategia z 2020 roku wydana na początku pandemii Sars-CoV-2 jest jedną z najbardziej rozbudowaną od 1990 roku. Mimo 30 lat od zmianach ustrojowych nie można mówić o własnej kulturze strategicznej Węgier. Kraj o małej potencjale społeczno-gospodarczym w dobie globalizacji nie ma możliwości tworzenia własnej kultury strategicznej bez uwzględnienia otoczenia a także sojuszników i organizacji międzynarodowych działających w regionie. Wynika to między innymi z charakteru uchwalenia i pracy nad strategią. Analiza opiera się na analizach dokumentów strategicznych w okresie 1990-2020, a także literatury węgierskiej. Ze względu na analizy dokumentów i literatury można wywnioskować charakterystyczne cechy kultury strategicznej regionu Środkowej Europy, a także doświadczenia historyczne z czasów zimnej wojny i strefy wschodniej do której Węgry należą.

EN

The aim of the article is to analyze the strategic culture of Hungary after the political changes in 1990. Getting to know the Hungarian strategic culture it is inevitable to understand the strategic political decisions regarding security for political allies and partners. The Hungarian strategy is based, inter alia, on the geopolitical situation, historical experience, internal and external situation. Hungary’s culture is conducted by small countries situation. The country, similarly, to others in the region after the collapse of the Warsaw Pact, clearly defined its strategic goals, which included the joining the Euro-Atlantic structures. The most important moments of the analyzed period are the invitation to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1999 and joining to the European Union in 2004. In the period from 1990 to 2020, five national strategies were issued. These documents are the basis for the analysis of development directions and cooperation in the aspect of security. Since the political changes, Hungary has pursued a peaceful policy in the region. Even the historical experiences of the two lost world wars and peace treaties, did not remain the main element of the Hungarian culture of hatred and hostility. The latest strategy from 20202, released at the beginning of the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic, is one of the most extensive strategy since 1990. Despite 30 years after the political changes, it is impossible to speak of Hungary’s own strategic culture. A country with a small socio-economic potential in the era of globalization cannot create its own strategic culture without considering its location, allies and international organizations operating in the region. This is due, inter alia, to the nature of the adoption and work on the strategy. The analysis is based on analyzes of strategic documents in the period 1990-2020, as well as Hungarian literature. Due to the analysis of documents and literature it is possible to deduce the characteristic features of the strategic culture of the Central European region as well as historical experiences from the Cold War and the Eastern zone to which Hungary belongs.

8

The Impact of a forest fire event on moth assemblages in Western Bohemia, Czech Republic

Walter Jan, Sucháčková Bartoňová Alena, Faltýnek Fric Zdeněk

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 3-4

156--171

EN

Fire has major impact on species diversity in natural ecosystems around the world. The consequences of fires for invertebrates can be immediate, and recovery of species assemblages may be a long-term process. We recorded moth communities from May to November 2019 in a pine forest in Western Bohemia, Czech Republic, where a local fire occurred in April of that year. We used UV light traps at one burned site and two neighboring unburned sites with a similar character as the burned site before the fire event. We analyzed moth assemblages using several species diversity indices – index of dominance, Shannon-Wiener index and Shannon-Wiener evenness, Simpson index, and Chao1 nonparametric estimation. We detected 67 species at the burned site, and 97 and 106 at the unburned sites. The three most frequently trapped species at all sites were Macaria liturata, Buphalus piniaria and Thera obeliscata, representing common forest geometrid moths. We observed a decline in species number and abundance at the burned site compared to the unburned sites, probably due to the direct mortality of larvae. On the contrary, the burned site was more diverse according to the diversity indices. The fire disrupted the original character of the coniferous forest, which was proved by a decline of species feeding on conifers and Vaccinium spp. The burned site attracted species associated with dry habitats such as Eublemma purpurina, Charissa obscurata and Scopula rubiginata. Even though wildfires are viewed negatively in general, they might temporarily enhance diversity in a homogeneous landscape.

9

Assistance of an expert in the participatory planning model in the area included in the revitalisation programme in view of the desired changes. Based on the example of the district of Śródka in Poznań

Kaźmierczak Bartosz

Architectus

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2021

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Nr 1 (65)

59--66

EN

This article presents the method of resolving conflicts arising around projects implemented in the area included in the revitalisation programme. The author presents the subject of social participation in the Central European context, in which the low level of social trust and the difficulty in making joint decisions in the spirit of consensus are characteristic. The aim of this article is to try to define the role of experts in the participatory planning model. The described case study allows for the assumption that in the search for the desired changes in the area covered by the revitalization program, the participation of not only stakeholders but also experts should be taken into account. Thanks to this approach, it becomes possible to articulate – often contradictory needs, which in turn increases the chances for the implementation of postulates submitted by stakeholders. Real social participation in the decision-making process regarding changes related to revitalization is possible thanks to the involvement of experts who are, in a way, “shop stewards” who guarantee not only an appropriate level of debate but also help to objectify the developed postulates.

PL

W artykule omówiono sposób rozwiązywania konfliktów pojawiających się wokół projektów realizowanych na obszarze objętym programem rewitalizacji. Autor przedstawia w nim problematykę partycypacji społecznej w kontekście środkowoeuropejskim, dla którego charakterystycznym elementem jest niski poziom zaufania społecznego oraz trudność w podejmowaniu wspólnych decyzji w duchu konsensusu. Celem artykułu jest próba określenia roli ekspertów w partycypacyjnym modelu planowania. Opisane studium przypadku pozwala przyjąć założenie, że w poszukiwaniu pożądanych zmian w obszarze objętym programem rewitalizacji należy uwzględnić udział nie tylko interesariuszy, ale także ekspertów. Dzięki takiemu podejściu możliwe staje się wyartykułowanie – często sprzecznych ze sobą – potrzeb, co w konsekwencji zwiększa szanse na urzeczywistnianie i realizację zgłoszonych przez interesariuszy postulatów. Realny udział społeczny w procesie decyzyjnym dotyczącym przemian związanych z rewitalizacją jest możliwy dzięki zaangażowaniu ekspertów, którzy są niejako „mężami zaufania”, gwarantującymi nie tylko odpowiedni poziom debaty, ale również pomoc w obiektywizacji wypracowanych postulatów.

10

Multistage structural evolution of the end-Cretaceous–Cenozoic Wleń Graben (the Sudetes, NE Bohemian Massif) : a contribution to the post-Variscan tectonic history of SW Poland

Kowalski Aleksander

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2021

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Vol. 91, No. 1

37--66

EN

Results of a new mapping and structural field study of the Wleń Graben (North Sudetic Synclinorium, SW Poland), made up of a post-Variscan volcano-sedimentary succession, were used to set up a new model of its multiphase tectonic evolution. The Wleń Graben constitutes a narrow tectonic trough, ca. 17.5 km long and up to 3.5 km wide, superimposed on the low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Kaczawa Metamorphic Unit and bounded by steep, NW−SE-oriented, normal and reverse faults. Previously, a simple, one-stage evolution of the graben was considered, with a single Alpine age intraplate compressional event responsible for the formation of the unit. The present study shows that the Late Cretaceous (post-Santonian?) evolution of the Wleń Graben was dominated by NW−SE-oriented, normal faults during the first, extensional stage of its formation. The central and southern parts of the graben were strongly affected by NW−SE-trending reverse faults and overthrusts, which reflect the second, probably latest Cretaceous to early Palaeogene(?) compressional event of tectonic deformation. Moreover, the whole area of the graben is dissected by sinistral strike-slip faults oriented perpendicular to the graben margins, representing the third stage of deformation (late Palaeogene–Neogene). The latest stage of evolution of the Wleń Graben includes a possible Neogene to Quaternary development of normal faults, interpreted here as gravitational collapse structures related to present-day morphology, rather than tectonically induced ones.

11

Ocena przestrzennego rozmieszczenia parków narodowych i obszarów chronionego krajobrazu w państwach Europy Środkowej na tle prowincji fizycznogeograficznych

Badora Krzysztof, Nita Jerzy

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2020

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nr 44 (2)

73--99

PL

Na podstawie analizy przestrzennego rozmieszczenia parków narodowych i obszarów chronionego krajobrazu Polski (parki krajobrazowe), Czech, Słowacji i Węgier oceniono czy tworzone w poszczególnych krajach systemy ochrony przyrody i krajobrazu są reprezentatywne również dla prowincji fizycznogeograficznych w granicach państw. Stwierdzono znaczną reprezentatywność w prowincjach głównie górskich i wskazano na dalsze możliwości ochrony. Na podstawie oceny stopnia integracji systemów ochrony przyrody i krajobrazu w rejonach przygranicznych określono obszary, które powinny uzupełnić system. Między poszczególnymi krajami występują różnice w przestrzennej organizacji parków narodowych i obszarów ochrony krajobrazu. Współpraca transgraniczna w ostatnich 30 latach znacznie się poprawiła. Większość przygranicznych parków narodowych i obszarów ochrony krajobrazu ma swoje kontinuum w kraju sąsiednim w formach podobnej rangi. Najsłabsze powiązania przestrzenne występują na granicy Węgier i Słowacji.

EN

Based on the analysis of the spatial distribution of national parks and protected landscape areas in Poland (landscape parks), the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, it was assessed whether the systems of nature and landscape protection created in individual countries are representative also for physico-geographical provinces within state borders. High representativeness was found in predominantly mountain provinces and further conservation options were indicated. Based on the assessment of the degree of integration of nature and landscape protection systems in border regions, areas that should complement the system have been identified. There are differences between individual countries in the spatial organization of national parks and landscape protection areas. Cross-border cooperation has improved significantly in the last 30 years. Most of the border national parks and landscape protection areas have their continuum in the neighboring country in forms of a similar rank. The weakest spatial connections are found on the border between Hungary and Slovakia.

12

Partnerstwo publiczno-prywatne szansą na rewitalizację obiektów zabytkowych Europy Środkowej

Kołomański Tomasz

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2019

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Nr 59

90--96

PL

Ratunkiem dla niszczejącego dziedzictwa kulturowego Europy Środkowej jest kompleksowo i skutecznie przeprowadzana rewitalizacja. Jest ona jednym z najważniejszych sposobów zapewnienia ładu przestrzennego i wysokiej jakości przestrzeni publicznej. Pomimo transformacji politycznej, jaką przeszła Europa Środkowa, a później w następstwie wstąpienia do Unii Europejskiej absorbcji funduszy pomocowych, problem rewitalizacji jej bezcennego dziedzictwa kulturowego wciąż nie został rozwiązany. Brak środków finansowych jest dla większości władz publicznych cały czas jednym z najbardziej palących problemów w odniesieniu do ochrony oraz utrzymania zarządzanych przez siebie obiektów zabytkowych. Przy ograniczonych środkach publicznych jedyną możliwością realizacji zadań rewitalizacyjnych jest sięgnięcie do doświadczeń i kapitału finansowego sektora prywatnego. Z pomocą przychodzi tutaj formuła partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego (PPP). Niestety, do dzisiaj jest tylko kilka przykładów PPP w projektach rewitalizacyjnych. Jedną z przyczyn niewielkiego wykorzystania tej formuły jest brak wystarczającej wiedzy i dobrych praktyk. Najlepszym sposobem na zmianę tej sytuacji jest zwiększenie kompetencji i wiedzy zarówno władz publicznych, jak i podmiotów prywatnych w zakresie wykorzystania mechanizmów PPP, również przy okazji rewitalizacji obiektów dziedzictwa kulturowego. Przykładem takiego działania jest projekt Restaura realizowany wspólnie przez 10 instytucji z 4 środkowoeuropejskich państw: Polski, Słowacji, Chorwacji oraz Słowenii. Ma on na celu współpracę instytucji partnerskich w zakresie stworzenia skutecznych strategii dla odnowienia dziedzictwa kulturowego z wykorzystaniem PPP. W ramach projektu miasta partnerskie wskażą obiekt/obszar przeznaczony do rewitalizacji. Następnie przygotowana zostanie kompleksowa dokumentacja techniczna, prawna i finansowa. Zniszczony zabytek będzie przygotowany do prac restauratorskich w formule PPP. Stworzona baza dokumentów i dobrych praktyk będzie ogólnodostępna i stanie się wzorem dla innych samorządów i prywatnych inwestorów w Europie Środkowej.

EN

The last hope for the deteriorating cultural heritage in Central Europe is a complex and efficiently carried out revitalisation. It is one of the most important ways to ensure spatial order and high quality public spaces. Despite the political transformations that Central Europe underwent, and then acquiring aid funds as a result of accession to the EU, the problem of revitalising the priceless cultural heritage has still not been resolved. The lack of sufficient funds has been one of the most urgent issues for the majority of authorities in reference to the protection and maintenance of historic objects they are in charge of. With limited public funds, the only possibility to implement revitalisation tasks is to use the experience and the financial capital of the private sector. The formula of the public-private partnership (PPP) might be of help here. Unfortunately, revitalisation projects have only included a few examples of PPP so far. One of the reasons for the rare use of the formula is insufficient knowledge and lack of good practice. The best way to change the situation is increasing the competence and knowledge of both the authorities and private subjects concerning the application of the PPP mechanisms, also for the revitalisation of the cultural heritage. An example of such an activity is the Restaura project realised by 10 cooperating institutions from 4 Central-European states: Poland, Slovakia, Croatia and Slovenia. Its goal is the cooperation of partner institutions in order to create effective strategies for restoring the cultural heritage using the PPP. Within the project partner cities indicate the object/ area intended for revitalisation. Then a complex technical, legal and financial documentation is prepared. The damaged historic object will be prepared for the restoration treatment within the PPP formula. The created document and good practice base will be generally available and will set an example for other local authorities and private investors in Central Europe.

13

Computerization of cartographic publishing activity – an outline of the problem exemplified by the former monopolist in Poland

Konopska Beata

Polish Cartographical Review

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2019

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Vol. 51, No. 3

143--150

EN

The post-1989 transition from a centrally planned economy to a free-market economy generated new investment opportunities in Poland, heavily impacted by computerization. The article analyses the genesis, course and effects of implementation of computerization in a cartographic publishing house which spent several decades operating on a typical Central and Eastern European market. It also highlights the multi-dimensional nature of this process, presenting it in the context of political and socio-economic changes. The author indicates that the factors hindering efficient implementation of computerization were the very qualities which in the past determined the enterprise’s market potential: a great reserve of source and technical materials for publishing maps, efficient technological facilities, experienced employees and the management who sought modernization, but underestimated the potential of computerization and had to deal with its own psychological barriers related to the issue.

14

Central Europe after 1918 : A short outline

Miszewski D., Dąbrowski F., Deszczyński M., Wnętrzak F.

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 19, No. 2

13--38

EN

This paper analyses changes in the region’s states, and the evolution of Central Europe’s (CE) position in the international environment. Since forming in 1918, the new CE independent states have remained a focus for neighbouring powers and Western powers. The paper looks at the background for the historical, political, economic, demographic, cultural and geopolitical importance of Central Europe. Three essential periods can be distinguished, the first being thepost-WW1 period, when after the downfall of Austria-Hungary and the weakening of Germany, Russia and Turkey, a number of independent states emerged. The lack of Western assistance and insufficient mutual cooperation meant that CE countries became subject to aggression from Berlin and Moscow. After WW2, the region was forcefully reintegrated into the Soviet Union – and its states were subjected to political, social, economic and cultural degradation. The downfall of the Soviet Union and democratic transition in the states of Central Europe contributed to the regional economic and security integration. EU membership and close ties to the USA forged significant possibilities for development and becoming a subject of European policy. Historical experiences show that Central Europe has had a significant impact on international security in Europe. The region’s states of increasing significance have the capability potential to forge their own concepts of close regional political and economic cooperation.

15

Sedimentary evidence for an ice-sheet dammed lake in a mountain valley of the Eastern Sudetes, Czechia

Hanáček M., Nývlt D., Skácelová Z., Nehyba S., Procházková B., Engel Z.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2018

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Vol. 68, no. 1

107--134

EN

An accumulation of glacial sediments is located near Písečná village in the depression between the Sokol Ridge and Zlaté Hory Highlands NNE of Jeseník town (Eastern Sudetes). The accumulation lies at the lateral side of the mountain valley of the Bělá River and fills a preglacial palaeovalley of this river. Research combining facies analysis of outcrops, ground penetrating radar survey, interpretation drilling survey, and modelling of the preglacial relief was undertaken at the site. According to the results obtained, the upper part of the sedimentary accumulation represents a coarse-grained terminoglacial glaciofluvial delta of the Gilbert type. The development of the accumulation has dominantly been driven by the preglacial morphology. Facies typical for foresets of coarse-grained deltas represented mainly by high-density flows, cohesionless debris flows, debris falls and less common low-density flows were found in the outcrops. The delta near Písečná prograded into a lake dammed by the ice-sheet front in the north. The lake was bounded by the slopes of Sokol Ridge, Zlaté Hory Highlands and Góry Parkowe on other sides. The lake level reached an altitude of up to 430 m a.s.l., as the coarse-grained delta plain base lies at this level.

16

New lobsters (Decapoda, Nephropoidea) from the Cretaceous-Paleogene section of the Middle Vistula valley, east-central Poland

Fraaije R. H. B., Jagt J. W. M., Van Bakel B. W. M., Tshudy D. M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2018

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Vol. 68, no. 4

503--509

EN

During fieldwork in the early 1990s at the then still active quarry near Nasiłów, on the left bank of the River Vistula (Wisła), accompanied by Professor Andrzej Radwański, some lobster remains were collected. A fragmentary anterior portion of a decapod crustacean carapace, recovered from a level about 2 m below the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary, in a siliceous chalk unit locally referred to as ‘opoka’, constitutes the oldest record of the thaumastocheliform genus Dinochelus Ahyong, Chan and Bouchet, 2010, D. radwanskii sp. nov. The other, more complete, individual is from c. 3 m above the K/Pg boundary, coming from marly gaizes or ‘siwak’; this is ascribed to a new species of Hoploparia M’Coy, 1849, H. nasilowensis sp. nov., the first to be recorded from Danian (lower Paleocene) strata. Although both ‘opoka’ and ‘siwak’ facies in the Nasiłów area are very rich in diverse biota, including some brachyurans, no macruran remains had so far been recorded from the region.

17

A new Danian echinoid assemblage from the Greensand in the Kazimierz Dolny area, central Poland: taxonomy, taphonomy and sedimentological implications

Machalski M., Jagt J. W. M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2018

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Vol. 68, no. 4

571--596

EN

We describe a new echinoid assemblage, composed of specimens of Bolbaster sp., Cyclaster danicus (Schlüter, 1897), Diplodetus vistulensis (Kongiel, 1950) and Linthia? sp. in a distinctive phosphatic preservation, from the so-called Greensand, a marly glauconitic sandstone horizon at the base of the Danian succession in the Kazimierz Dolny area (central Poland). This assemblage presumably is of early Danian age, with Cyclaster danicus occurring in the lower Danian of Denmark and southern Sweden. The specimens are preserved as internal moulds, composed of phosphatised glauconitic sandstone, occasionally with some test material adhering. The genesis of these moulds involved the following steps: (1) infilling of tests of dead echinoids with glauconitic sand; (2) penetration of the infills by coelobiotic deposit-feeding organisms that produced burrows along the inner test surface; (3) early-diagenetic cementation of infills by calcium phosphate; and (4) exhumation and intraformational reworking of specimens, leading to abrasion, fragmentation and loss of test material in some individuals. Co-occurring are unphosphatised moulds of Echinocorys ex gr. depressa (von Eichwald, 1866) and Pseudogibbaster cf. depressus (Kongiel in Kongiel and Matwiejewówna, 1937), which may represent a younger (middle to late Danian) assemblage. Additionally, the presence of derived late Maastrichtian echinoids, e.g., Temnocidaris (Stereocidaris) ex gr. herthae (Schlüter, 1892), Pleurosalenia bonissenti (Cotteau, 1866) and Hemicara pomeranum Schlüter, 1902, is confirmed for the Greensand, based on new material and re- examination of previously recorded specimens. In summary, members of three echinoid assemblages of different age and preservation occur together in the Greensand. Our results are compatible with former interpretations of this unit as a condensed, transgressive lag with mixed faunas of different age and provenance. However, they are incompatible with the hypothesis that phosphatised Danian fossils preserved in the Greensand are derived from a facies equivalent, now gone, of the lower Danian Cerithium Limestone in eastern Denmark, because all moulds are composed of phosphatised glauconitic sandstone that is utterly different from the calcareous dinocyst-dominated, fine crystalline matrix of the Cerithium Limestone.

18

Konkurencja na rynku międzynarodowych przewozów pasażerskich. Przewozy pasażerskie pomiędzy Warszawą a stolicami krajów Europy Centralnej

Kozłowska M.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2017

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R. 24, nr 4

10--13

PL

Mobilność jest niezwykle ważna dla rozwoju gospodarczego oraz dla jakości życia obywateli, którzy mogą swobodnie podróżować zarówno w celach turystycznych i rekreacyjnych, jak i służbowych czy też szkoleniowych. W niniejszym artykule, będącym kolejnym w cyklu publikacji dotyczących konkurencji na rynku międzynarodowych przewozów pasażerskich, przedstawiono wyniki analizy ofert przewozów z Warszawy do stolic państw Europy Centralnej. Porównano przewozy realizowane indywidualnymi środkami transportu oraz transportem zbiorowym. Pod uwagę wzięto dostępność danego środka transportu, czas podróży oraz cenę.

EN

Mobility is extremely important for economic development and for the quality of life of citizens who are free to travel both for leisure and leisure purposes and for business purposes or training. In this article, being the next in a series of publications on international competition passenger transport, results are presented analysis of transport offers from Warsaw to the capitals of the countries of Central Europe. Comparisons were made with individualized transport and public transport. Considered taken availability of the means of transport, travel time and price.

19

Can Naturalness Indicator Values Reveal Habitat Degradation? A Test of Four Methodological Approaches

Erdős L., Bátori Z., Penksza K., Dénes A., Kevey B., Kevey D., Magnes M., Sengl P., Tölgyesi C.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 1

1--13

EN

Assessing habitat naturalness belongs to the most current issues in conservation biology. It has been recognized that plants are able to indicate the naturalness of their habitat. Thus, species may be given relative naturalness indicator values (i.e. scores on an ordinal scale), reflecting their different tolerances against habitat degradation. In the present study, our first goal was to test whether relative naturalness indicator values are able to reveal known differences in naturalness levels. Our second purpose was to compare four different methodological approaches in order to identify which is the most reliable when analyzing habitat naturalness. We compared near-natural and degraded plots on the bases of (1) unweighted plot means, (2) plot medians, (3) unweighted naturalness indicator value populations, and (4) frequency-weighted naturalness indicator value populations. We found that relative naturalness indicator values performed well in differentiating among near-natural and degraded vegetation. Unweighted mean indicator values were the most reliable, but frequency-weighted indicator value populations were nearly as efficient as unweighted means. We conclude that relative naturalness indicator values provide a simple but reliable tool for estimating habitat deterioration.

20

Precast concrete architecture in Central Europe

Glaesle J.

Materiały Budowlane

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2017

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nr 9

61--66