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1

Bioleaching potential of local bacteria from gold mine tailings in the Ratatotok Area, Indonesia

Aminatun Tien, Idrus Arifudin, Atun Sri, Rakhmawati Anna, Restele Laode, Simbolon Doly Risdo

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 65

201--208

EN

Our previous study found that Bacillus cereus from the rhizosphere of Syzygium aromaticum (RTKS) exhibited the highest resistance and the best gold bioleaching potential at pH 8. However, this bacteria’s potential requires further investigation. The current study aimed to (1) determine the temperature that supports the effectiveness of B. cereus RTKS in the bioleaching of gold, and (2) test the effectiveness of bioleaching by B. cereus RTKS with variations in Au contents in tailings. The experiment began by growing bacteria in a medium, which was then inoculated into tailing effluent. The experiment was carried out in an Erlenmeyer flask shaken at 120 rpm for 3 weeks. In the first-stage experiment, temperatures of 25°C and 50°C were tested. The optimum temperature obtained in the first stage was then used for the second-stage experiment with variations in Au contents in tailings. After bioleaching, the filtration process was conducted and produced three components, namely pellets containing bacterial cells, supernatants, and residues. Bacteria mentioned above were more effective in bioleaching of gold at a temperature of 50° C than at 25°C, indicated by higher Au extraction in pellets and residues, and Au accumulation which tended to be higher in pellets. In treatments with varying Au concentrations in the tailings, increasing Au content did not lead to higher Au accumulation by B. cereus RTKS. The Au content in the residue was significantly highest in the tailings bioleaching treatment with the highest Au content.

2

Mechanism of the effect of modified TiO2 on the strength of gold tailings-based no-fire bricks samples

Guohao Yang, Zhiming He, Jiawei Sun, Hao Guo, Kai Zhang

Environment Protection Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 51, nr 2

85--104

EN

Brick-making from gold tailings is one of the common utilization methods, however, this method usually requires pressurized sintering. This study investigates the effect of modified TiO2 on the strength of gold tailings-based no-fire bricks under ambient temperature and pressure conditions. Gold tailings, river sand, and gravel were used as raw materials, with cement-epoxy resin serving as the composite binder and modified TiO2acting as the reinforcing agent. The surface of TiO2was modified by silane coupling agent KH-560 and polyethyleneimine (PEI), and the effect of modified TiO2 on the performance and characterization of gold tailings-based no-fire bricks was investigated. The results show that 25% KH-560 silane coupling agent and 75% polyethyleneimine (PEI) modify TiO2best. The optimal compressive strength of 79.6 MPa was achieved in gold tailings-based no-fire bricks with 2% modified TiO2addition. Microscopic morphology and chemical analysis confirmed that the modified TiO2significantly enhanced the structural integrity of gold tailings-based no-fire bricks.

3

Assessment of water quality and mercury contamination in Tabukan Selatan Tengah District: Impacts on marine life and human health

Tamalawe Vicya Praicylia Leonly, Rahardjo Djoko, Kisworo, Djumanto

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 3

120--131

EN

Illegal mining and mercury contamination in Indonesia pose significant challenges to communities and ecosystems, particularly impacting the region’s rich natural resources like gold. The research aims to measure mercury levels in water, sediment, and fish to understand the health risks for the local community. The methodology measured three stations’ water temperature, pH levels, and mercury concentrations. Gold mining activities are the primary source of mercury contamination in the coastal waters and fish of the Tabukan Selatan Tengah District. Mercury levels vary in water samples (0.005 to 0.138 mg/L), sediment samples (0.003 to 0.242 mg/kg), and fish samples (2 to 357μg/g). All samples surpass the water quality standard of 0.001 mg/L, except for sediment samples at points 2 and 3. Mercury concentrations in fish exceed the quality standard of 0.5 μg/g. The distance between sampling sites and gold mining waste disposal areas influences mercury accumulation. In the Tabukan Selatan Tengah District, people consume fish at an average rate of 0.00071918 kg daily. The RQ value in the district is categorized as unsafe for health at points 1 and 2 and safe at points 3 and 4. The study underscores the significant health risks of mercury exposure, especially for communities that consume contaminated fish.

4

Przejawy mineralizacji kruszcowej w skałach obszaru Strzelin-Głuchołazy

Markowiak Marek

Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2024

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T. 209

s. 2--24

PL

Na podstawie badań mikroskopowych i w mikro obszarze próbek skał z trzech rejonów morawsko-śląskiej strefy tektonicznej: Wzgórz Strzelińskich, okolic Paczkowa i Głuchołaz, dokonano charakterystyki przejawów mineralizacji kruszcowej tego obszaru. Stwierdzono obecność szerokiego zestawu minerałów kruszcowych, w tym wielu dotychczas na badanym obszarze nierozpoznanych, takich jak: piryt, pirotyn, chalkopiryt, sfaleryt, mielnikowit, mielnikowit-piryt, markasyt, kowelin, digenit, galena, greenockit, carrolit-fletscheryt, bravoit, Co-bravoit, molibdenit, scheelit, tennantyt, minerały z grupy euksenitu (EGM) zbliżone do yttrocrasite-(Y), elektrum, bizmut rodzimy, bismutynit, cosalit, joseit?, tsumoit?, gustavit?, stannin, argentyt, srebro rodzime, ilmenit, rutyl, tytanit, goethyt oraz szereg minerałów pierwiastków promieniotwórczych – uraninit, toryt, coffinit, a także minerałów zawierających pierwiastki promieniotwórcze (w tym wspomniane wyżej minerały grupy euksenitu): rabdofan, uranopolycrase i prawdopodobnie thorbastnäsyt współwystępujący z parisytem. Zespołem mineralnym najpowszechniej spotykanym w całym regionie jest zespół o składzie: piryt, pirotyn, chalkopiryt, sfaleryt, przy czym dwa ostatnie minerały występują podrzędnie. Przejawy mineralizacji pierwiastkami ziem rzadkich wymagają dalszych badań w pierwszej kolejności.

EN

Based on microscopic investigations and detailed electron microprobe studies of rock samples from three regions of the Moravian-Silesian tectonic zone: Wzgórza Strzelińskie, Paczków region, and Głuchołazy region, the characteristics of ore mineralization in the Strzelin–Głuchołazy area are presented. The presence of a wide range of ore minerals was found, including many previously unrec- ognized in the study area: pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, melnikovite, melnikovite-pyrite, marcasite, covellite, digenite, galena, greenockite, carrolite-fletscherite, bravoite, Co-bravoite, molybdenite, scheelite, tennantite, euxenite (EGM) similar to yttrocrasite-(Y), electrum, native bismuth, bismuthinite, cosalite, joseite, tsumoite, gustavite, stannite, argentite, native silver, ilmenite, rutile, titanite, goethite and a number of minerals of radioactive elements – uraninite, thorite, coffinite, as well as minerals containing radioactive elements (including the above-mentioned minerals of the euxenite group, rhabdophane, uranopolycrase and possibly thorbastnäsite co-occurring with parisite). The most common mineral assemblages are: pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, occurring both in granitoids and in all types of rocks of the metamorphic cover. Higher concentration of these minerals is extremely rare, and pyrite and pyrrhotite are dominant. The manifestations of mineralization with rare earth elements require further research.

5

The use of gold in cosmetic and medicinal products

Łuczywek Marta, Iwanicki Jan, Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2024

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nr 2(87)

57--66

EN

The use of gold as a cosmetic and medicinal ingredient has a long history that is still developing. Their introduction into use was based on observing the body's reaction after treatment with these metals, today their action is based on modern, wide-scale scientific research. Scientific literature presents gold as having anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-aging properties, but its metabolic functions are still under investigation. The development of technology has led to the production of Au in the form of nanoparticles, which results in their greater efficiency compared to standard forms and new applications. The aim of the study was to analyze the composition of cosmetic and medicinal products containing gold available on the Polish market. In addition, an attempt was made to find an answer to the question what forms of gold are most often used by producers of cosmetics and medicinal products. In the period from September 2023 to February 2024, information was collected on cosmetic and medicinal products containing gold available on the Polish market. Information was obtained on 61 cosmetic products containing gold and 10 medicinal products containing gold. Conclusions Gold is more often an ingredient of cosmetic products than medicinal products. Medicinal and cosmetic products with gold most often contain it in the form of nanoparticles.

6

A comparison of dry and wet grinding on gold-bearing sulphide ore flotation

Oluklulu Semih, Bozkurt Volkan, Uçbaş Yaşar

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 6

art. no. 195290

EN

This study investigates the hypothesis that dry grinding prior to flotation can mitigate the adverse effects of galvanic interactions, improve the selectivity of gold flotation compared to wet grinding, and offer additional benefits due to water scarcity concerns and high water treatment costs. The effects of dry and wet grinding on the flotation behavior of gold-bearing sulphide ore were studied comparatively in terms of flotation test results and pulp chemistry parameters (pH, Eh, and dissolved oxygen). In addition, flotation tests without conditioning were also conducted following dry grinding in an attempt to minimize water contact further. Results demonstrated that dry grinding increased pulp potentials and dissolved oxygen levels, implying more oxidative conditions. Despite a lower mass pull with dry grinding, flotation recoveries and grades of gold and chalcopyrite were comparable to wet grinding, while dry grinding enhanced pyrite flotation at the rougher stage. Notably, flotation without conditioning effectively rejected pyrite and achieved higher grades for gold and chalcopyrite, indicating selective flotation. Therefore, dry grinding before flotation emerges as a viable alternative for gold and chalcopyrite flotation due to its improved selectivity while carefully optimizing flotation strategies and reagents to maximize recoveries.

7

Comparison of Alessio Piemontese’s gilding techniques with contemporary ones in the context of the restoration of architectural monuments

Woszczenko Katarzyna

Materiały Budowlane

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2024

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nr 12

184--191

EN

The research focuses on a comparative analysis of gilding techniques described by Alessio Piemontese in the context of contemporary methods for restoring gilded historical artifacts. The study was conducted using manuscript sources, relevant literature, private correspondence, and online resources. In modern architecture, gilding with genuine gold is rare, and preserving its authenticity is generally not considered essential. In contrast, for historical artifacts, it is of paramount importance to maintain their authenticity to safeguard their historical, material, and cultural significance, as well as their aesthetic and artistic heritage. Alessio Piemontese’s treatise provides detailed descriptions of various methods for gilding different materials. These historical techniques can be compared with contemporary gilding practices, including traditional leaf gilding using bole or mixtion and electroplating via galvanic processes. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for the restoration of historical objects, supporting efforts to preserve their original character and authenticity.

PL

Prace badawcze dotyczą porównania technik złotniczych wg Alessio Piemontese w kontekście współczesnych metod renowacji złoceń w zabytkowej materii. Badania przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem źródeł rękopiśmiennych, literatury przedmiotu, komunikatów prywatnych oraz źródeł internetowych. Współczesne budynki rzadko mają złocenia prawdziwym złotem, a aspekt zachowania jego autentyczności nie jest w ich przypadku konieczny. Z kolei w materii zabytkowej jest to ważne, aby zachować jej historycznie rzeczywisty charakter, piękno i dorobek kulturowy. W dziele Alessio Piemontese, znajdują się sposoby złocenia różnych materiałów. Można je porównać ze znanymi współcześnie technologiami pozłotniczymi, do których należą metoda płatkowa na pulment i na mikstion czy galwaniczne złocenie metodą elektrolizy. Przeprowadzone badania będą przydatne przy renowacji obiektów zabytkowych, w celu zachowania ich pierwotnego charakteru.

8

Obtaining of Gold from Slovak Concentrate by Using an Innovative Method

Ficeriová Jana, Dutková Erika

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

669-673

EN

The complicated processing of concentrates with low gold content and the long-time use of non-ecological methods was the motion for finding a more efficient process for this noble metal obtaining. From this point of view, this research was focused on obtaining of nano gold from the concentrate White Hill (Detva, Slovakia) using mechanical activation and mechano-biological activation in a molecular hydrogen solution. Gold in this complex concentrate occurs physically enclosed in the intercrystalline space of minerals and is also isomorphic and fills defects in their structure. The exclusion of gold from such complex mineral matrixes of the concentrate can be achieved using a mechano-biological process. This innovative method for obtaining of nano gold with the application of a molecular hydrogen solution is an advantageous alternative to the non-environmental reagents used. Compared to the most used worldwide toxic cyanide reagent, a solution with molecular hydrogen represents a low-cost and above all completely harmless reagent with very good kinetics. Mechanical processes use high-energy milling, which has an effect on the more intensive formation of surface and bulk defects in solid substances. The main advantage of mechanical processes is a smaller number of technological operations, a shorter time required to obtain the desired product at favorable environmental temperatures, and also the formation of nanostructures. The use of a biological process with the application of limnetic algae showed that algae with siliceous structures make it possible to obtain gold from the White Hill concentrate with nanoscale size. Limnetic algae (diatoms, golden algae) are part of aquatic ecosystems and create the largest matter of biomass from all plants on the Earth. The mechano-biological process is a method that enabled to obtain of gold nanoparticles with an average size of 100 nm from the Slovak gold-bearing concentrate from the White Hill deposit (BV-1). Mechanical activation of this concentrate and siliceous shells of the specified limnetic algae (Dinobryon, Surirella) in a molecular hydrogen solution caused changes in the physical-chemical properties of gold minerals as well as in the constituents of algae minerals. These structural changes had a decisive influence on the exclusion of gold nanoparticles into the molecular hydrogen solution under the defined reaction conditions. The gold nanoparticles were subsequently fixed in the cellular matrix of mechanically activated algae shells. The explanation of this phenomenon was the action of biomolecules, which the algae cells secreted in the course of reactions with metal ions present in the molecular hydrogen solution. Gold nanoparticles from the investigated concentrate were obtained by a new mechano-biological procedure already for four hours. In the case of mechanical activation of the concentrate, but without activation of the used algae, gold nanoparticles were excluded after sixteen hours. It follows from this knowledge that the application of an absolutely ecologically harmless aqueous solution enriched by molecular hydrogen and the use of limnetic algae confirmed the suitability of the innovative method for obtaining of nano gold from the concentrate. From the achieved research results significantly more effective kinetics is evident in the case of activated algae. Nanoparticles of gold obtained by the mentioned procedure can have important practical utilization, such as accelerating of the decomposition of dangerous substances or neutralizing pollutants in contaminated water, soil, and air. Simultaneously, obtaining of gold nanoparticles would also be beneficial for removing algae from the aquatic environment, where they are very dangerous for all living organisms.

9

The Skora River : an anthropogenically modified gold-bearing fluvial deposit (North Sudetic Trough, SW Poland)

Kania Marcin Łukasz, Muszer Antoni

Geological Quarterly

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2024

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Vol. 68, No. 4

art. no. 35

EN

We describe detrital gold grains obtained from sediments from the Skora River bed in the North Sudetic Trough, focussing on identification of microinclusions of ore minerals, combined with analyses of grain morphology and their chemical composition, to constrain the origin of the detrital gold. A population of gold grains of natural origin was identified, represented mostly by phases of native gold. A few microinclusions of Pd selenides and tellurides were identified, suggesting that local outcrops of the Rotliegend-Zechstein boundary zone are the probable source areas for the gold grains. In addition, a large population of amalgams of probable anthropogenic origin was identified. Their identification is of potential importance in the study of environmental mercury contamination, while distinguishing between the two grain populations is crucial to studying the origin of modern placer gold deposits.

10

Effects of Ultrasonic Power and Intensity of Mechanical Agitation on Pretreatment of a Gold-Bearing Arsenopyrite

Hong Won Chol, Kim Ye Yong, Kwon Chang Dok, So Kwang Chol

Archives of Acoustics

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2024

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Vol. 49, nr 3

419--428

EN

In this paper, the effects of an ultrasonic power and the intensity of mechanical agitation for pulp on alkaline pretreatment of gold-bearing arsenopyrite were investigated. The effect of pulp temperature on leaching efficiency in alkaline pretreatment of arsenopyrite was investigated under ultrasound and non-ultrasound conditions. Pre-treatment was followed by gold leaching tests with a cyanide solution. Compared with the nonultrasound condition at the temperature of 60 °C, arsenic extraction and gold extraction was increased 20 %, 14.4 %, respectively, in the presence of ultrasound at ambient temperature. The characteristics of the ultrasonic power level as a function of the intensity of mechanical agitation were evaluated by a numerical simulation with CFD software – Ansys Fluent. The simulation results demonstrated that the stronger intensity of mechanical agitation, the lower ultrasonic power level. These results were proved through leaching experiments at different rotation speeds of impeller and ultrasonic powers. The study results demonstrate that the ultrasound is an effective factor for pretreatment of gold bearing arsenopyrite and gold extraction is related to an ultrasonic power and the intensity of mechanical agitation.

11

Modeling and simulation of a gold concentrator plant implementing a dissolution loop method

Özdemir Erdem, Dixon Richard, Saari Juha, Kasymova Diana, Tunc Berivan, Bilal Danish, Bayarmagnai Enkhzul, Lang Aleksandra, Koskenkorva Kaija, Larkomaa Jaakko

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 5

art. no. 166377

EN

Mineral processing applications increasingly use recycled water to preserve freshwater natural resources and comply with environmental regulations. However, accumulating anions, cations, and reagents in the process water may affect plant flotation performance and production continuity. Therefore, many cost actions may be needed to mitigate the recycled water effects. Typically, the process water properties and their effects on flotation performance are unknown for a greenfield project. Often, the result is an over-scaling up of the process plant with an additional financial cost. The experimental methodology in the paper focuses on creating water for testing that is closer to the actual process water during the comminution and flotation process for any greenfield project. The scope of the study consists of creating possible process water, conducting flotation experiments, and simulation. In order to validate the dissolution loop method, refractory gold flotation plant conditions were selected in our Finland laboratory. The simulation results of dissolution loop flotation kinetics were compared with the actual plant mass balance. According to the comparative results, the process water created by the dissolution loop method has the same physical and chemical properties as the actual process water at the site except for SO4 -concentration. Moreover, comparing the simulation results of the experimental data and plant mass balance studies shows that the gold grade and recovery results in the simulation were lower than the actual plant mass balance.

12

Kinetics of simultaneous recovering of Au and Ag from CTs by chloridizing volatilization methods

Wang Weiwei, Li Zhengyao, Yang Shanshan, Ma Kai, Gao Xin, Han Shaoqi, Hou Shaochun, Miao Hecheng

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 6

art. no. 172522

EN

Cyanide Tailings (CTs) are known as hazardous resources that accumulate hundreds of millions of tons, threatening the ecological environment. This work proposes an eco-friendly and efficient way to recover gold and silver from CTs. The effects of calcium chloride dosage, silicon dioxide dosage, pellet moisture content, roasting temperature, and roasting time on Au and Ag chloridizing volatilization were studied. The kinetics of simultaneously recovering of gold and silver from cyanide Tailings by chlorination roasting was investigated. It was determined that the chloridizing volatilization rates increased with increasing calcium chloride dosage, temperature and decreasing silicon dioxide dosage, pellet moisture content. The chloridizing volatilization kinetics followed a shrinking core model, with inter-diffusion through gangue layer as the rate determining step. This finding is in accordance with the apparent activation energy (Ea) of 24.01 kJ•mol-1 (Au) and 24.62 kJ•mol-1 (Ag). The orders of reaction with respect to moisture content, temperature, calcium chloride dosage and silicon dioxide dosage were also achieved. The rate of reaction based on diffusion-controlled process can be expressed by semi-empirical equations. The control steps of the gold and silver recovery process were investigated by the kinetic study, which provided theoretical guidance for the optimization of the method.

13

Effects of lead nitrate and pre-aeration on the deportment of base/precious metals in cyanide leaching of a pyritic refractory gold concentrate

Deveci Hacı, Yazıcı Ersin Yener, Celep Oktay, Mercimek Murat, Demirel Cumhur, Çakmak Serkan, Cingöz Melih Baki, Kavlu Ömer Hami, Kömürcü Hüseyin

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 5

art. no. 166259

EN

This study was undertaken to improve gold and silver extraction from a pyritic gold flotation concentrate, which assayed 11 g/t Au, 42 g/t Ag, 0.21% Cu, 3.57% Zn, and 31% Fe. Direct cyanide leaching of the concentrate at 1.5 g/L NaCN yielded a low gold extraction (37%), confirming its refractory nature. Effects of lead nitrate (200-500 g/t Pb(NO3)2) and pre-aeration (24 h) before cyanide leaching at 1.5-3.5 g/L NaCN were investigated. Earlier studies have focused on the impact of these parameters on gold leaching. Besides gold, this study demonstrated the behaviour of silver and base metals (copper and zinc) from the pyritic gold concentrate. Adding lead nitrate had a negligible effect on gold extraction whilst improving silver extraction. Dissolution of copper was substantially suppressed by adding lead nitrate, i.e., from 23% (no Pb(NO3)2) to 4% (500 g/t Pb(NO3)2) over 24 h. Zinc dissolution was negligible (≤0.01%). Pre-aeration of the concentrate improved the gold and silver extractions by 4-14% and 23-44% at the subsequent cyanide leaching (1.5-3.5 g/L NaCN). However, it did not affect the leaching of copper. Only negligible leaching of zinc (≤0.6%) occurred during cyanide leaching. Pre-aeration also reduced cyanide consumption in subsequent cyanide leaching (1.5 g/L NaCN), i.e., from 2.83 kg/t to 2.03 kg/t NaCN per solids. These results suggested that lead nitrate can improve silver extraction while suppressing copper dissolution, which would be advantageous in the leaching-adsorption circuit (CIP), mitigating the dissolved copper-associated problems. Pre-aeration can also be suitable for improved gold/silver extractions and reduced reagent consumption.

14

Diagnostic gold deportment studies and leaching behaviour of small-scale gold mining tailings from eastern region, Ghana

Quaicoe Ishmael, Beyuo Martin, Quaicoe Solomon, Lasidzi Nikao A.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2023

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Vol. 22. iss. 2

81--88

EN

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sector employs about 80% of the mining workforce but only contributes about 20-30% of Ghana's gold production. The low gold production is linked to low recoveries associated with the activities because of inadequate understanding of the chemical, mineralogical and metallurgical characteristics of the ores. This study examined the metallurgical characteristics of typical small-scale gold mining tailings to understand their grinding characteristics, gold deportment and cyanidation behaviour. The gold deportment results showed that 96.1% of the gold in the samples is free milling (can be leached directly with cyanide and recovered through carbon adsorption), whilst the remaining 3.9% of the gold in the samples is associated/locked up with other mineral phases (carbonates, sulphides, carbonaceous matter and quartz). The gold-by-size distribution also indicated that 73.1% of the gold is contained in coarser size fractions (+150 mm), 14.96% is from -150 mm to +75 mm size range, and 11.83% is contained in the finer size distribution (-75 mm). This suggests that incorporating a gravity recovery system during processing will be highly advantageous. The leaching kinetics results showed that gold recoveries achieved within 8, 16 and 24 h were 68, 73.8 and 76.4%, respectively. The corresponding total cyanide consumption rates after 8, 16 and 24 h of leaching were 550, 580 and 600 ppm, respectively. Generally, the gold recoveries and the cyanide consumption rates agree with industrial practices/results. Overall, the outcomes of the study support the view that some small-scale gold mining tailings are economically viable, and hence can be re-processed through efficient processes such as carbon-in-leach/carbon-in-pulp.

15

Identification and Correlation Test of Mercury Levels in Community Urine at Traditional Gold Processing Locations

Lensoni, Adlim M., Kamil Hajjul, Karma Taufiq, Suhendrayatna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 3

357--365

EN

Gold processing activities in Paya Seumantok Village, Krueng Sabee District, Aceh Jaya Regency, are known to utilize traditional mercury, posing a health threat to the workers and the local community. This study aims to identify local people’s urinary mercury levels near the gold processing plant in Paya Seumantok Village and to see the relationship between mercury levels and disease symptoms exhibited by the local people. To this end, ninety-one participants were recruited from a total member of a population of 928 people, determined using Slovin’s formula. The urine sample was collected using a purposive sampling technique following the procedure set by the regulation of the Minister of Health no. 43/2013. AAS Instrument was used to analyze the urinary mercury level. Sixteen out of 91 urine samples exhibited no mercury, while the rest, 75 samples, were found to contain mercury. The average urinary mercury level among local people near the site was 8.392 μg/L (SD: 6.721 g/L), while the minimum and maximum urinary mercury levels in this study were 0.19 μg/L and. 28.31 μg/L, respectively. Thirty-six samples were found to have mercury levels exceeding the acceptable threshold (7 μg/L), while thirty-nine samples had urinary mercury levels below the threshold. This study concluded that there is no relationship between urinary mercury levels and symptoms of acute and chronic diseases experienced local community and workers at the gold processing site in Paya Seumantok Village, Krueng Sabee District, Aceh Jaya Regency (p > 0.05).

16

Analiza rynku złota – wybrane aspekty

Kowal Barbara, Prusak Szymon, Pokusa Przemysław

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 2, vol. 2

37--43

PL

Szczególnie cennymi surowcami mineralnymi są metale i kamienie szlachetne. Do metali szlachetnych zalicza się złoto, srebro i platyna, natomiast w grupie kamieni szlachetnych są m.in. diamenty, rubiny, szmaragdy, szafiry i wiele innych. Złoto jako kopalina nie odgrywa istotnego znaczenia gospodarczego, a jako metal jest mało użyteczne. Jednak od dawna stanowi symbol władzy, bogactwa i bezpieczeństwa. Ta symbolika stanowi podstawę wartości tego kruszcu. Artykuł stanowi omówienie wybranych aspektów rynku złota. Przedstawia informacje na temat pochodzenia złota i lokalizację miejsc z największymi złożami złota na świecie. Przybliża największych producentów złota oraz czołowe kopalnie, w których poziom wydobycia stanowi prawie 12% globalnego wydobycia złota. Prezentuje możliwe kierunki wykorzystania złota, które znajduje zastosowanie głównie w branży jubilerskiej, w stomatologii oraz jako inwestycja. Dodatkowo przedstawiono społeczny i przyrodniczy aspekt wydobycia złota. Autorzy zwracają szczególną uwagę na nielegalne „kopalnie”, którym obce są działania fair trade i których działalność degraduje ogromną skalę terenów lasów deszczowych.

EN

Metals and precious stones are precious mineral raw materials. Precious metals include gold, silver, and platinum, while the group of precious stones includes, among others: diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, and many others. Gold as a mineral has no significant economic importance and as a metal, it is of little use. However, it has long been a symbol of power, wealth, and security. This symbolism is the basis of the value of this precious metal. The article discusses selected aspects of the gold market. It presents information on the origin of gold and the location of places with the largest gold deposits in the world. It presents the largest gold producers and leading mines, where the level of extraction accounts for almost 12% of global gold mining. It presents possible directions for the use of gold, which is used mainly in the jewelry industry, in dentistry, and as an investment. Additionally, the social and natural aspects of gold mining were presented. The authors pay particular attention to illegal "mines" that do not comply with fair trade activities and whose activities degrade a large scale of rainforest areas.

17

Geophysical VLF prospecting for vein-type gold-bearing polymetallic sulphide deposits in the Sudetes (SW Poland)

Mikulski Stanisław Zbigniew, Ostrowski Szymon

Geological Quarterly

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2023

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Vol. 67, No. 4

art. no. 41

EN

The abandoned historic gold mining areas in the Sudetes are prospective for vein-type sulphide and gold deposits. The applied VLF geophysical survey showed a number of linear anomalies indicating the possibility of occurrence of the unknown quartz-sulphide ore veins in the areas of former mining exploitation of gold and arsenic in the Klecza-Radomice Ore District and As-polymetallic sulphides in the Czarnów deposit. These areas are very promising for further prospecting for auriferous polymetallic sulphide ore. Shallow drilling campaign is postulated in order to verify the ore potential of the recorded VLF anomalies.

18

Chemical and mineralogical characteristics and origin of placer gold from fluvial deposits of Żeliszowski Creek (North Sudetic Basin, SW Poland)

Kania Marcin Łukasz

Geological Quarterly

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2023

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Vol. 67, No. 2

art. no. 12

EN

Chemical and mineralogical analyses of individual detrital gold grains collected from recent channel-fill deposits of Żeliszowski Creek, located between the towns of Lwówek Śląski and Bolesławiec, were made, together with determination of the Au-bearing mineral assemblages and indication of probable source areas. The analysed gold grains have admixtures of silver, mercury and copper. Numerous inclusions of ore minerals, mainly Cu, Hg selenides and Cu, Pb and Bi sulphides were found in the detrital gold grains. These minerals are characteristic of Permian, Au-bearing, red-bed successions in the region, and of quartz veins of the Kaczawa Metamorphic Complex. This supports the hypothesis of a polygenetic origin for the Lower Silesian alluvial gold-bearing deposits. The applied research methodology may be successfully used in polymetallic ore deposit prospecting more generally.

19

Performance assessment of OpenMP constructs and benchmarks using modern compilers and multi-core CPUs

Gawrych Bartłomiej, Czarnul Pawel

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2023

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Vol. 35

973--978

EN

Considering ongoing developments of both modern CPUs, especially in the context of increasing numbers of cores, cache memory and architectures as well as compilers there is a constant need for benchmarking representative and frequently run workloads. The key metric is speed-up as the computational power of modern CPUs stems mainly from using multiple cores. In this paper, we show and discuss results from running codes such as: batch normalization, convolution, linear function, matrix multiplication, prime number test and wave equation; using compilers such as: GNU gcc, LLVM clang, icx, icc; run on four different 1 or 2-socket systems: 1 x Intel Core i7-5960X, 1 x Intel Core i9-9940X, 2 x Intel Xeon Platinum 8280L, 2 x Intel Xeon Gold 6130. Results can be regarded as suggestions concerning scaling on particular CPUs including recommended thread number configurations.

20

Interpretation of remote sensing and aeromagnetic data to depict the structural framework of the transitional zone between the Igarra Schist belt and Anambra Basin, Nigeria

Salawu Naheem Banji

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 1

227--246

EN

High-resolution aeromagnetic and Landsat-8 data were utilized for the structural investigation of the Igarra Schist Belt located where the Precambrian crystalline basement is unconformably overlain by the late-Cretaceous Anambra Basin fill. Analysis of the Landsat-8 data exhibits major lineaments that trend in E–W, ENE–WSW, NNW–SSE and N–S directions. Results from the analysis of total field anomaly data using total gradient amplitude and tilt angle of the horizontal gradient also show these same lineament trends. The superimposition of Landsat-8 and aeromagnetic data-derived lineaments resulted in the mapping of the regional lineaments, which provide clues to structurally controlled gold mineralization in the Igarra Schist Belt region. Details mapped from the remote sensing data show surface contacts that correspond to the boundary between the Igarra Schist Belt and Anambra Basin mapped from aeromagnetic data. The source parameter imaging of the aeromagnetic data provides depth estimates of the magnetic basement of the Igarra Schist Belt and Anambra Basin, which varies from 50 to above 650 m. The integration of the remote sensing and aeromagnetic lineaments with the 3-D Euler deconvolution results reveals that the locations of cluster solutions alignment with lineaments are target areas for gold mineralization, which is correlative to gold occurrences in the region.