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Risk and quality management in maritime transport of live animals – Analysis of EU regulations and challenges in occupational safety and animal welfare

Pilarczyk Maria, Ulewicz Robert

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

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nr 82 (154)

48--57

EN

The aim of this article is to identify and assess environmental, organizational, and technical risks associated with the maritime transport of live animals, with a particular emphasis on their impact on the quality of transport processes, animal welfare, and the occupational health and safety of ship crews. Despite the existence of European Union regulations such as Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/372, which establish minimum standards for space, ventilation, access to water, contingency planning, and port infrastructure, significant shortcomings in the organization and quality of transport persist in practice. Inadequate onboard infrastructure, failures of ventilation, feeding and watering systems, and overcrowding lead to stress, dehydration, and disease in animals, which increase the risk of injuries. At the same time, crew members are exposed to harmful factors such as toxic gases, animal waste, slippery surfaces, and extreme temperatures. Poorly organized loading and unloading procedures further escalate the risk of accidents and negatively affect the quality of service provided during transport. This article proposes quality-oriented management actions to improve transport safety and animal welfare, such as the implementation of advanced monitoring technologies, mandatory presence of animal welfare specialists on board, regular technical inspections of vessels, and systematic training for crew members.

2

Using the lean-based safety leadership framework to improve operational efficiency and reduce occupational risk: evidence from a Case Study

Rodrigues Tiago, Sá José Carlos, Oliveira Ana Rita, Hines Peter, Ulewicz Robert, Bonamigo Andrei

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2025

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Vol. 7, iss. 1

108--117

EN

This study explores the integration of Lean methodologies with occupational safety enhancement in an industrial context. Conducted in a renown Rope factory, the research utilized an Action Research methodology guided by a novel Lean-Based Safety Leadership Framework. Through the implementation of Lean tools such as SMED, 5S, Poka-Yoke, and Visual Management, it is possibe to improve both operational efficiency and occupational safety. A Safety Efficiency Value Stream Mapping (SEVSM) approach was employed to diagnose risk points and inefficiencies within one of the factory’s sectors. The intervention led to a significant reduction in operational risk and improvements in productivity, validating the framework’s effectiveness as a dual-propose tool for safety and efficiency.

3

The impact of technological innovations in the use of plant protection products on environmental and worker safety

Pilarczyk Maria, Ulewicz Robert

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2025

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Vol. 7, iss. 1

184--193

EN

The increasing use of plant protection products in modern agriculture requires careful management to minimize risks to human health and the environment. This study evaluated the impact of innovative technologies for applying plant protection products, including modern drones (UAVs), compared to traditional field sprayers, on occupational safety and environmental protection. The FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) method was used to identify and assess hazards through the Risk Priority Number (RPN) indicator. The results showed that conventional sprayers pose higher chemical and contact risks for operators due to direct handling of large quantities of pesticides. Drones significantly reduce operator exposure but introduce new technical and organizational hazards, such as equipment malfunctions, flight control issues, or adverse weather conditions. Key preventive measures include the use of personal protective equipment, adherence to safety procedures, regular calibration and technical inspections, and monitoring of environmental conditions. The findings indicate that combining modern technologies with strict safety procedures can effectively reduce chemical exposure and environmental impact while addressing new risks associated with UAV use.

4

The effects of Lean and people’s behaviours on Occupational Safety

Carlos Sá José, Oliveira Ana, Hines Peter, Mourão Filipa, McDermott Olivia, Marques Pedro Alexandre, Zouari Alaeddine, Pathania Abhilash, Ulewicz Robert

Production Engineering Archives

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2025

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Vol. 31, Iss. 1

1--14

EN

Lean methodologies have been implemented in various sectors, helping to improve the overall efficiency and performance of organisations. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between Lean and occupational safety and its impact on people's behaviour. To this end, a survey was developed and a statistical study carried out. The survey was sent to 4381 companies, from which 289 responses were received from 12 different countries. The Cronbach's alpha value obtained was greater than 0.86, which indicates that the internal reliability/consistency of the results is very good. Through the statistical study it was possible to conclude that the approaches with the greatest contribution to cultural change in terms of occupational safety are 5S, Standard Work and TPM. It was also concluded that the implementation of Lean practices has a positive impact on people's behaviour, and that these results differ depending on whether the company is located in Portugal or not. Furthermore, Lean proved to have a very positive impact on performance indicators, especially in companies located in Portugal, regardless of the sector of activity. The results also show that the contribution of Lean management to occupational safety system is very important in different sectors and is influenced by the sector of activity and by the company's location, and that the impact of the occupational safety system on people's behaviour was considered very important, with little influence from the company's location and no influence from the sector of activity. This comprehensive research provides a body of knowledge that is expected to provide positive insights for Lean practitioners, managers and academics

5

The role of AI in digital leadership - new competencies of leaders

Ingaldi Manuela, Ulewicz Robert

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2025

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Vol. 31, No. 2

106--122

EN

The rapid advancement of digital technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), is profoundly transforming organizational operations and presenting new challenges for leadership. This article examines the impact of AI on the evolution of digital leadership and identifies the essential competencies that contemporary leaders need to cultivate. It explores how AI enhances decision-making, team management, communication, and the development of an organizational culture grounded in innovation and agility. The article also addresses the challenges and risks associated with excessive reliance on technology, including the potential dehumanization of management and emerging ethical concerns. The findings suggest that the effective leaders of the future will be those who can strike a balance between technological proficiency, emotional intelligence, adaptability, and ethical leadership.

PL

Dynamiczny rozwój technologii cyfrowych, w szczególności sztucznej inteligencji (AI), znacząco zmienia sposób funkcjonowania organizacji i stawia nowe wyzwania przed liderami. Artykuł analizuje wpływ AI na ewolucję przywództwa cyfrowego oraz identyfikuje kluczowe kompetencje, które powinni rozwijać współcześni liderzy. Omówiono, w jaki sposób AI wspiera procesy decyzyjne, zarządzanie zespołami, komunikację oraz budowanie kultury organizacyjnej opartej na innowacyjności i elastyczności. W artykule zwrócono również uwagę na wyzwania i zagrożenia związane z nadmiernym poleganiem na technologiach, takie jak dehumanizacja zarządzania czy problemy etyczne. Wnioski wskazują, że skuteczni liderzy przyszłości to ci, którzy potrafią zrównoważyć kompetencje technologiczne z inteligencją emocjonalną, zdolnością do adaptacji i etycznym podejściem do zarządzania.

6

Sustainable Development and Technological Advancements in Industry 4.0: Overcoming Barriers in SME Sector Integration

Ingaldi Manuela, Ulewicz Robert

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2025

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nr 1 (33)

144-162

EN

The advent of Industry 4.0 has introduced transformative opportunities for the SME sector, particularly in enhancing operational efficiency, fostering sustainability, and enabling digital connectivity within manufacturing processes. This study examines key barriers faced by SMEs in adopting Industry 4.0 technologies, including high initial investments, skills gaps in digital competencies, and logistical limitations in production infrastructure. It explores a collaborative platform model that facilitates resource sharing among SMEs to reduce individual costs, optimize technology access, and improve competency development. Findings highlight that while shared platforms can successfully mitigate certain financial and operational barriers, the scalability of such models faces limitations due to stakeholder interests and infrastructure constraints. This research provides insights into the critical role of technological advancements and sustainable practices in supporting SMEs’ Industry 4.0 transition and emphasizes the need for adaptive strategies to maintain integration viability as production demands evolve.

7

Evaluating risk in the operation of agricultural machinery based on farm size

Pilarczyk Maria, Ulewicz Robert

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 198

393--408

EN

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify practical challenges, best practices, and solutions used during the deployment of agricultural machinery depending on the size of the farm Design/methodology/approach: The method of observation and risk analysis was utilized in the operation of agricultural machinery using the FMEA method to identify potential threats and develop strategies for their mitigation. Findings: Research conducted on farms has revealed significant issues such as improper maintenance, lack of safety guards, and outdated equipment. To enhance farm safety, it is recommended to adhere to maintenance schedules, replace old machinery with newer models, and use Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to identify and mitigate potential hazards. Research limitations/implications: Further large-scale research is needed to develop effective strategies for improving farm safety. Implementing structured safety management systems like FMEA is recommended to systematically assess and minimize risks in both individual and large-scale farms. Practical implications: Implementing recommended measures such as regular inspections and maintenance, replacing or modernizing outdated machinery, using appropriate safety guards, and participating in training sessions will help reduce the risk of machinery failures and the number of accidents. Originality/value: This article presents new research findings on agricultural machinery safety in individual and large-scale farms, identifying significant issues and proposing specific improvement measures for farmers and agricultural safety experts. These insights help farmers understand risks better and implement safety enhancements when operating machinery.

8

The impact of Agriculture 4.0 on workplace safety in animal handling

Pilarczyk Maria, Ulewicz Robert

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2024

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Vol. 6, iss. 1

60--68

EN

The article examines the impact of Agriculture 4.0 technologies on workplace safety in animal handling. Agriculture 4.0, inspired by the concept of Industry 4.0, incorporates innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, big data analytics, and automation, which streamline production processes and promote sustainable development. Despite the benefits of automation, such as reducing physical injury risks and enabling animal health monitoring, new challenges arise concerning potential health and psychological hazards for workers. These challenges stem from the need to adapt to advanced technologies and decreased vigilance in monitoring animal behaviors. The article highlights the necessity for comprehensive worker training and the implementation of safety standards that minimize risks associated with modern agricultural technologies.

9

The future of automotive quality control: how cloud-based reporting is changing the game

Cieśla Jakub, Ulewicz Robert

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2024

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nr 1 (32)

72--79

EN

The automotive industry faces challenges in maintaining quality control while at the same time reducing costs and improving efficiency. Outsourcing has emerged as a potential solution. Such an approach can create issues such as communication barriers, quality control problems, and limited visibility into the manufacturing process. This study proposes a cloud-based quality reporting solution to overcome these challenges by providing real-time data analytics, facilitating proper communication, and enabling visibility into quality control processes. This solu-tion significantly reduces waiting times for information regarding product quality status and allows interested parties to access data immediately. The outsourcing company, product producer and customer receive flexible, traceable, mobile cloud-based analytics in real-time. Challenges of this solution are the need to secure data, man-age access and ensure the appropriate quality of data by persons performing control. The paper provides practical recommendations for implementing cloud-based quality reporting systems.

10

Assessment and improvement of safety in the operation of building structures in individual agricultural holdings: Risk analysis, technical standards, and best practices

Pilarczyk Maria, Ulewicz Robert

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2024

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Vol. 13

152-160

EN

The aim of the study was to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the safety of buildings in agricultural holdings. The study focused on identifying hazards, assessing risks, and proposing improvements. The use of FMEA and SWOT methods provided a detailed examination of potential hazards and effective solutions. Many farms lack knowledge in risk management, leading to neglected maintenance and inspections. Common issues include poor ventilation, moisture, and lack of safety standards. The absence of regular inspections of livestock buildings can lead to serious risks such as structural damage and fires. Systematic inspections for early fault detection are crucial. A comprehensive risk management approach - encompassing regular inspections, system upgrades, new technologies, and education - is essential for improving farm building safety.

11

Quality improvement in bottle production: a case study on FMEA and Pareto-Lorenz methodologies

Szyszka Malgorzata, Ulewicz Robert

Archives of Engineering Knowledge

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2024

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T. 10, Nr 1

148--152

EN

The increasing demands for product quality and production efficiency in the plastics industry necessitate the use of structured quality management tools. This study aims to identify critical defects in the production of water bottles using the Pareto-Lorenz analysis and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). The research was conducted in a company specializing in bottle manufacturing, where production incon sistencies were analyzed based on quality control reports. The Pareto-Lorenz method revealed that the majority of defects were attributed to issues related to material injection and assembly oversight. The FMEA analysis prioritized defects based on their severity, occurrence proba bility, and detection difficulty, assigning Risk Priority Numbers (RPN) to facilitate targeted corrective actions. Implemented solutions, such as enhanced quality control procedures and systematic employee training, resulted in a significant reduction in defect occurrence and improved production efficiency. The study confirms that combining FMEA and Pareto-Lorenz analysis is an effective approach for optimizing quality management in industrial settings, offering practical insights for manufacturers seeking to enhance product reliability and competitiveness.

12

Green technologies in smart city multifloor manufacturing clusters: A framework for additive manufacturing management

Deja Agnieszka, Ślączka Wojciech, Dzhuguryan Lyudmyla, Dzhuguryan Tygran, Ulewicz Robert

Production Engineering Archives

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2023

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Vol. 29, Iss. 4

428-443

EN

The development of smart sustainable megapolises is associated with the formation of city multifloor manufacturing clusters (CMFMCs) in them directly in the residential area in order to reduce the supply chain from the manufacturer to consumers. Additive technologies (ATs) belong to green technologies because they are considered environmentally sustainable due to less production waste and the ability to reuse of product materials within the circular economy concept. Sustainable development of ATs and additive manufacturing management has become a priority sphere for scientific research, and the use of ATs in the city manufacturing has become any daily reality. Nevertheless, the issues of additive manufacturing management within the CMFMCs have not yet been sufficiently studied. The primary goal of this study was to examine the possibilities of additive manufacturing management in the CMFMCs of the megapolis due to the rational facilities multi-floor layout in production buildings, considering the structure of city manufacturing and business process reengineering related to the needs of the production services market. This paper presents a novel model of facilities multi-floor layout in the production buildings of the CMFMCs, considering the structure of city manufacturing, morphological analysis of the additive manufacturing equipment (AME) used, the balance of material and energy flows under infrastructure capacity limitations of megapolis. The model was verified based on a case study for various options of the floor-by-floor grouping of AME in a building of the CMFMCs. Management solutions for maintaining the flow balance of material, energy and water resources in the CMFMCs are discussed. The results may be useful for additive manufacturing management in an urban environment, taking into account the needs of the production services market in the megapolis.

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Industry 4.0 and socio-economic evolution

Suchacka Małgorzata, Pabian Angelika M., Ulewicz Robert

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 28. No. 1

311--329

EN

The ongoing revolutionary socio-economic changes are particularly evident in the context of implementing the principles of Industry 4.0, aiming to enhance two categories: the efficiency of actions taken and productivity, influenced by the increasing level of process automation. The utilization of robots, automation, and virtual reality are elements that not only characterize the economic practice environment but also the daily life of individuals. The observed situation provided the impetus for conducting survey research, focusing on exploring the functioning of individuals in the environment of new technologies. Information was obtained regarding the knowledge of selected technological solutions among Poles, their understanding of their essence, and the predicted further evolution/regression in this domain by the respondents. The acquired empirical data, reflecting the researched reality, appear to align well with the results of literary studies concerning technological processes and their associated social consequences. Poles have shown awareness of the existence of advanced technologies in various sectors of the economy and daily life, and they more often expressed favorable positions towards the utilization of innovative solutions-recognizing them as convenient and facilitating various tasks. This study provides an opportunity to present the initial and selected conclusions regarding the gathered material.

PL

Trwające rewolucyjne zmiany społeczno-gospodarcze są szczególnie widoczne w kontekście wdrażania zasad Przemysłu 4.0, którego celem jest zwiększenie efektywności podejmowanych działań oraz produktywności, pod wpływem rosnącego poziomu automatyzacji procesów. Wykorzystanie robotów, automatyzacji i rzeczywistości wirtualnej to elementy, które charakteryzują nie tylko otoczenie praktyki gospodarczej, ale także codzienne życie jednostek. Obserwowana sytuacja stanowiła impuls do przeprowadzenia badań ankietowych, skupiających się na badaniu funkcjonowania jednostek w środowisku nowych technologii. Uzyskano informacje dotyczące znajomości wybranych rozwiązań technologicznych wśród Polaków, ich zrozumienia istoty tych rozwiązań oraz przewidywanej dalszej ewolucji/regresu w tej dziedzinie według respondentów. Uzyskane dane empiryczne, odzwierciedlające badaną rzeczywistość, zdają się dobrze korespondować z wynikami studiów literaturowych dotyczących procesów technologicznych i ich związanych z nimi konsekwencji społecznych. Polacy wykazali świadomość istnienia zaawansowanych technologii w różnych sektorach gospodarki i życia codziennego, a także coraz częściej wyrażali pozytywne stanowiska wobec wykorzystywania innowacyjnych rozwiązań, uznając je za wygodne i ułatwiające różne zadania. Niniejsze badanie daje możliwość przedstawienia wstępnych i wybranych wniosków dotyczących zebranego materiału.

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Managing the process of adjusting the competences of employees aged forty or over to the requirements of industry 4.0

Zembski Sławomir, Ulewicz Robert

Technical Transactions

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2022

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Vol. 119, iss. 1

art. no. e2022014

EN

The article presents the preliminary results of research in the field of preparing employees aged forty or over to the challenges of industry 4.0. Based on literature research and the results of own research, an assessment of the current human resources in the automotive industry was presented, with a particular emphasis on the age structure and digital competences. The main barriers in the process of preparing forty-plus employees to the requirements of the work environment 4.0 were identified. Existing training methods were assessed. It was indicated that PBL in the field of acquiring digital competences in the group of forty-plus employees has great potential to achieve the success rate of bridging the digital competency gap.

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Concept of a model to predict the qualitative-cost level considering customers’ expectations

Siwiec Dominika, Pacana Andrzej, Ulewicz Robert

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2022

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Vol. 26, No. 2

330--340

EN

The main problem of modern entrepreneurs is the adequate recognition of customer expectations based on current products. The purpose of the study is to propose the concept of a model to predict the qualitative-cost level of this modified product. The idea of the concept depends on determining the product that will be satisfactory for the customer, i.e., satisfied simultaneously in turn of quality and cost of purchase. A questionnaire is used to obtain customer expectations. Then, according to the DEMATEL method, the relations between these criteria are determined. Next, the weights (importance) of the criteria are estimated by arithmetic average. Additionally, according to the Likert scale, these criteria' initial quality (customer satisfaction) is assessed. Based on these, the quality of the product is estimated by using the WSM method. The calculated product quality is combined with the real cost of its purchase in the qualitative-cost analysis (AKJ). According to the results of the qualitative-cost analysis, the expected product of the customer is predicted. This process is supported by the Relative States Scale. The proposed conception can be used to verify any product. Therefore, it can be useful for different entities offering products to the customer and striving to meet their expectations (satisfaction). The originality is the simultaneous prediction of the expected level of product quality and the cost of its purchase and the ability to determine customer satisfaction at this qualitative-cost level.

PL

Głównym problemem współczesnych przedsiębiorców jest odpowiednie rozpoznanie oczekiwań klienta na podstawie aktualnych produktów. Celem opracowania jest zaproponowanie koncepcji modelu do przewidywania poziomu jakościowo-kosztowego produktu według modyfikacji produktu. Idea koncepcji polega na określeniu satysfakcjonującego dla klienta produktu, który będzie jednocześnie zadawalający pod względem jakości i kosztu jego zakupu. Kwestionariusz wykorzystuje się do pozyskania oczekiwań klienta. Kolejno, według metody DAMATEL określane są relacje pomiędzy kryteriami. Następnie stosując średnią arytmetyczną szacowane są wagi (ważność) kryteriów. Dodatkowo, według skali Likerta oceniana jest wstępna jakość (satysfakcja klienta) z tych kryteriów. Na ich podstawie szacowana jest jakość produktu zgodnie z metodą WSM. Obliczona jakość produktu łączona jest z rzeczywistym kosztem ich zakupu w analizie kosztowo-jakościowej (AKJ). Według poziomu kosztowo-jakościowego przewidywany jest produkt oczekiwany przez klienta. Wybór wspierany jest skalą stanów względnych. Proponowana koncepcja może być stosowana do weryfikacji dowolnych produktów. Dlatego może być użyteczną dla różnych podmiotów oferujących produkty klientowi i dążących do spełnienia ich oczekiwań (satysfakcji). Oryginalnością jest jednoczesne przewidzenie oczekiwanego poziomu jakości produktu i kosztu jego zakupu oraz możliwość określenia satysfakcji klienta z tego poziomu jakościowo-kosztowego.

16

Analysis of the systemic approach to the concept of lean manufacturing - results of empirical research

Ulewicz Robert, Czerwińska Karolina, Siwiec Dominika, Pacana Andrzej

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2022

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Vol. 25, No. 2

375--395

EN

Lean Manufacturing is a profound system designed to enhance every manufacturing industry's efficiency by reducing waste through internationally recognized tools and techniques. Enterprises of all sizes and industries strive to adopt Lean Manufacturing (LM) concepts to maximize their resources, such as personnel, facilities, materials, and operating schedules, to be economically effective. There are several models for implementing Lean philosophy in enterprises. The conducted research is aimed at reviewing and conceptualizing the LM system implementation framework in the enterprises in Central and Eastern Europe. The analysis was based on the results of surveys conducted in micro, small, medium and large enterprises, mainly in production, trade and service organizations. As a result, among others, the main premises, methods and benefits of implementing the LM system, thus identifying the specificity of the concept in the context of the size of enterprises and the industry from which they come, were indicated. The originality is the analysis of the effectiveness, efficiency and productivity of Lean activities, distinguishing the size of the organization from the group of micro, small, medium and large organizations (MSME). The research results show that the LM implementation model in enterprises from Central and Eastern Europe is based on the Shingo model.

PL

Produkcja szczupła to rozbudowany system zaprojektowany w celu zwiększenia wydajności każdej branży produkcyjnej poprzez redukcję odpadów dzięki uznanym na arenie międzynarodowej narzędziom i technikom. Przedsiębiorstwa niezależnie od wielkości i branży starają się przyjąć koncepcje Lean Manufacturing (LM) , aby zmaksymalizować swoje zasoby, takie jak personel, obiekty, materiały i harmonogramy działania, aby były ekonomicznie efektywne. Istnieje kilka modeli implementacji filozofii Lean w przedsiębiorstwach. Realizowane badania mają na celu dokonanie przeglądu i konceptualizacji ram wdrożeń systemu LM w przedsiębiorstwach w Europie ŚrodkowoWschodniej. Analizę oparto na wynikach z badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych w mikro, małych, średnich i dużych przedsiębiorstwach, głównie w organizacjach produkcyjnych, handlowych i usługowych. W rezultacie wyłoniono m. in. główne przesłanki, sposoby oraz korzyści z wdrożeń systemu LM identyfikując dzięki temu specyfiki koncepcji w kontekście wielkości przedsiębiorstw oraz branży z których pochodzą. Oryginalnością jest przeanalizowanie skuteczności, efektywności oraz wydajności działań Lean w rozróżnieniu na wielkość organizacji z grupy mikro, małych, średnich i dużych organizacji (MSME). Wyniki badań skazują że model wdrożenia LM w przedsiębiorstwach z Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej oparty jest na modelu Shingo.

17

Heat and power system as an independent source of electric power. Case study

Grebski Wes, Ulewicz Robert

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2022

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nr 3 (30)

262--268

EN

The article describes a student capstone design project completed by a team of five students and implemented by a resort and casino in Northeastern Pennsylvania (NEPA). This project was completed within the framework of project-based learning (PBL). Students had the opportunity to apply the knowledge that they learned in the classroom in a real-world application. Students also had the opportunity to work as a team which was supervised by the faculty. The outcome of the project provided valuable experience in creating of grid, a reliable source of energy. The heat generated as a by-product was used for the purpose of heating hot water and a swimming pool as well as space heating for the hotel and casino during the winter. In the summertime the excessive amount of heat was used to dehumidify the air in the hotel and casino. Dehumidifying the air increased the level of comfort in the hotel and casino as well as in the enclosed swimming pools area. The article is focusing on the cost effectiveness of the off-grid heat-and-power solution. The net present value and internal rate of return as well as the payback time were calculated.

18

ISO 9001:2015 vs. Factory Production Control (FPC) to ensure the quality of construction products used in road and bridge engineering

Prasalska-Nikoniuk Joanna, Urbański Mariusz, Ulewicz Robert

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2022

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Vol. 11

103--111

EN

The study aims to define the elements of common FPC requirements and the ISO 9001:2015 standard in plants producing construction products of road and bridge engineering. The quality management system ISO 9001: 2015 may be recognized as an FPC system by-product certification organization and by the producers themselves, provided that specific requirements specified in the product standard or national technical assessment are also met.

19

Influence of different hard-facing procedures on quality of surfaces of regenerated gears

Nikolić Ružica R., Marković Svetislav, Arsić Dušan, Lazić Vukić, Hadzima Branislav, Ulewicz Robert

Production Engineering Archives

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2021

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Vol. 27, Iss. 4

257--264

EN

During the process of regeneration of machine parts, certain phenomena occur that have a significant impact on the loss of their working ability. Hereditary properties are expressed by the interdependence of geometric and physical-mechanical-metallurgical parameters of gear teeth created during the technological operations of regeneration of worn teeth by hard-facing. The influence of the type of additional material (electrodes and their combinations) on the tribological characteristics of welded gear teeth was considered, whereby the so-called hard additional materials were applied. Those are the additional materials that give the required surface hardness of the teeth without subsequent thermal or thermochemical treatment. This research did not involve the regeneration of specific worn gears removed from machine systems, but the new gears were made, which were then damaged and then regenerated by hard-facing using the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) procedure. Thus, all the tested gears were made of the same material, belonged to one batch and were machined on the same machines with the same machining regimes. The tests were performed on samples made of 20MnCr5 steel for cementation, on a tribometer by the “block on disc” method, which was designed to simulate the operating conditions of coupled teeth of concrete gears in the exploitation conditions. Based on the conducted tribological tests, the average coefficients of friction and topography of the surfaces were determined by measuring the wear trace and it was defined which additional materials give the best tribological characteristics of the surfaces of gears regenerated by hard-facing.

20

Managing the process of supervision over the certificate during a pandemic - remote inspections

Prasalska-Nikoniuk Joanna, Stegienko Karolina, Ulewicz Robert

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2021

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Vol. 24, No. 1

268--279

EN

Zarządzanie procesem nadzoru nad certyfikatami podczas pandemii - zdalne kontrole

PL

W artykule przedstawiono nowatorskie podejście do certyfikacji - inspekcje zdalne. Inspekcje internetowe do czasu pandemii nie były przeprowadzane. Przedstawiono problemy, jakie mogą się pojawić podczas przeprowadzania zdalnych kontroli oraz wiarygodność w zakresie wartości dodanej dla producentów i jednostek certyfikujących. Przedstawiono wyniki ocen takich kontroli oraz problemy i zagrożenia jakie stwarzają. Przedstawiono przepisy pozwalające na przeprowadzanie zdalnych inspekcji oraz dokonano przeglądu literatury dotyczącej zdalnych audytów. Przeprowadzono badanie składające się z audytorów geodezyjnych oraz certyfikowanych klientów zajmujących się zdalnymi inspekcjami. Pytania ankiety koncentrowały się na kwestiach związanych z przeprowadzaniem ocen online, na tym, jak czasochłonne są te oceny w porównaniu z ocenami na miejscu oraz na stopniu zadowolenia. Porównano zalety i ograniczenia inspekcji zdalnych z inspekcjami na miejscu. Zdalne inspekcje przeszły pozytywnie i są wymierne dla podejmowania decyzji o utrzymaniu ważności certyfikatów.