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1

Strategic analysis of implementing UAVs in organisational safety processes

Ewertowski Tomasz, Ludwiczak Daniel

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 96 (tom 2)

123--149

EN

The study explores the strategic possibilities, benefits and barriers of implementing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the safety management processes of an industrial organisation. The research integrates a SWOT/TOWS analysis with a process-based evaluation of safety operations, examining both internal and external determinants of UAV adoption. The study was based on a specific industrial organisation located in Poland and was limited to Polish conditions only. Results indicate that UAVs can be effectively integrated into most safety processes, particularly in risk identification and assessment, technical monitoring and supervision, incident response, and safety culture development. Their use contributes to faster and safer inspections, reduced exposure to occupational hazards, enhanced situational awareness, and improved decision-making. The analysis confirmed the dominance of Strength–Opportunity (S–O) interactions, suggesting a strong alignment between internal organisational capabilities and external opportunities such as digital transformation and technological innovation. The findings support the adoption of an aggressive (maxi–maxi) strategy, leveraging organisational strengths to exploit favourable environmental conditions while simultaneously addressing economic, legal and technical barriers. The study concludes that UAV technology represents a strategically justified and operationally effective tool for improving organisational resilience, safety and the protection of critical resources.

2

Metasystem for Maritime Cybersecurity Management During Digital Transformation at Sea

Mrozowska Alicja

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2025

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Vol. 19 No. 3

707--713

EN

Nowadays, maritime transportation is "navigating" the rough waters generated by cyber threats, trying to find a suitable and safe route to allow cargo to be transported by sea. At the current time, when there is a disharmony between the safety environment and technological developments, the willingness of all maritime stakeholders to work together is needed to meet the challenge of ensuring proper cybersecurity management in maritime transportation. The aim of the paper is to describe the metasystem for maritime cybersecurity management during carriage goods by sea. This system takes into account both users and designers of the system. This ensures a holistic approach to maritime security during digital transformation. Finally, the author presents the structure of the meta-cybersecurity system involving the Polish Armed Forces, sea rescue services and individual stakeholders participating in port and sea trade. The practical using of the system is rooted out in the conventional vessel but the author takes into account application the system for maritime autonomous surface ships.

3

Development of Maritime Cybersecurity Protocols – Enhancing Awareness on Cyberthreats in Maritime Transport

de Melo Rodriguez Germán, Chronopoulos Aris, Gregorič Tomaž, Bodus-Olkowska Izabela, Singh Lakhvir, Dramski Mariusz, Karampidis Konstantinos, Bautu Andrei, Wawrzyniak Natalia, Garczyńska-Cyprysiak Ilona

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2025

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Vol. 19 No. 3

701--706

EN

The paper presents collaborative research conducted by European researchers, mariners, and cybersecurity experts on identifying and developing preventive procedures for maritime cybersecurity within the CyberSEA project. The project's objective is to equip seafarers with the necessary knowledge to detect and respond effectively to cyber threats, minimizing the risk of disruptions to maritime operations. The research included several key tasks aimed at developing the proposed cybersecurity protocols. The initial phase involved identifying cyber vulnerabilities in the maritime sector and defining the main risk areas. Subsequently, 34 real-life scenarios were constructed to illustrate these threats. Comprehensive desk research was conducted on best cybersecurity practices in other industries that were transferable to the maritime sector to establish a set of preventive measures. The final phase resulted in the development of 10 detailed protocols for seafarers, specifying the procedural steps to be taken in response to distinct cyber threats. The study highlights the essential role of human factors and education in maritime cyber resilience, offering a transferable framework for integration into Safety Management Systems and vocational training curricula.

4

Expert-Based Risk Assessment for Flight Safety Using Kendall's W and Pearson's Chi-Square

Petuhovs Igors

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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2025

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Nr 3 (280)

75--91

EN

This paper presents a practical method for quantitative assessment of flight safety risk based on expert evaluation and statistical analysis. The approach addresses one of the key challenges in civil aviation: monitoring and managing safety performance under conditions of uncertainty and numerous interrelated risk factors. The proposed model integrates expert judgments with quantitative indicators to evaluate and rank potential hazards affecting flight operations. Using Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) and the Pearson chi-square test, the method assesses the degree of agreement among experts and determines the statistical significance of identified risk factors. A numerical example demonstrates the application of the model, showing how it can reveal the most influential contributors to flight risk - particularly human and psychological factors - even when overall expert agreement is low. The results highlight that, despite limited consensus, such analysis allows safety managers to identify and prioritize critical factors within the Flight Safety Management System (SMS). The proposed method is simple, computationally accessible, and well suited for rapid evaluation in operational environments where timely decisions are essential. It complements existing risk-based systems such as FORAS by offering a structured, expert-driven framework for monitoring, comparing, and improving flight safety performance.

5

Situational awareness in autonomous shipping – ship domain in remote MASS operation

Abramowicz-Gerigk Teresa, Burciu Zbigniew

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

889--893

EN

The introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) in maritime transport creates new challenges that did not previously exist in the case of manned ships, and changes the approach to voyage planning, implementation and monitoring. MASS is not only supposed to be more economical, but also contributes to transport safety and environmental protection, while limiting the impact of the human factor. Taking into account the assumptions of the International Maritime Organization, the implementation of a MASS voyage, supervised by the operator of the Remote Operations Centre (ROC) will require a high level of situational awareness. The paper discusses the determination of the MASS safe navigation domain by ROC operator making decisions under risk conditions. It is expected, that according to Kahneman and Tversky's prospect theory, the enlargement of MASS domains may result in an increase in human-induced navigation hazards, especially in restricted areas.

6

Semi-Markov model of MASS voyage

Abramowicz-Gerigk Teresa, Burciu Zbigniew, Soszynska-Budny Joanna, Weintrit Adam

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

937--941

EN

The paper presents the readiness/safety model for the sea voyage of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS), based on Semi-Markov process. The states of MASS during the voyage were defined as triplets of intentional type of MASS operations, reliability state and safety state, dependent on weather conditions. The determined states were aggregated, and the disjoint subsets were used to build a macro-model of MASS voyage process. An example of changes of MASS states during the sea voyage, for Gdynia - Port Everglades connection, is presented and discussed in the paper. The Semi-Markov process was used for the analysis of MASS reliability and safety during the sea voyage. The obtained matrix of transition probabilities between the states of MASS during the voyage can be used by MASS operator in Remote Operations Centre to make decisions related to voyage planning. The proposed model can constitute the basis of a computer program supporting the decision-making process of the operator.

7

Multifunctional analysis of the state administration bodies of the Republic of Croatia in the implementation of control and protection of the rights and interests in the east coast of the Adriatic Sea

Sunko T., Kos Serđo, Mišković Toni, Dedo Mihael

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

969--977

EN

The paper has conducted a structural analysis of the relevant state administration bodies of the Republic of Croatia regarding the operational efficiency of implementing the protection of rights and interests in the marine and underwater areas of the semi-enclosed Adriatic Sea, where the respective coastal state (the Republic of Croatia) exercises jurisdiction in accordance with international law. A comprehensive overview of all components of the system, as well as some sensors of the state administration bodies of the Republic of Croatia involved in the implementation of control, monitoring, and protection of rights and interests in the Adriatic Sea – the eastern part, has been synthesized. An analysis of maritime traffic security was conducted. Data on ship, cargo, and passenger traffic in the seaports of the respective coastal state were collected. The analysis covered a four-year period between 2019 and 2022.

8

Identify the trends on Maritime Safety Management system studies: a review

Junaidi Arif, Yudo Hartono, Ab-Samat H. Abdul

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

775--784

EN

Studies to understand the development of the theory and implementation of effective Maritime Safety Management are essential to examine its performance. Therefore, this study aims to identify trends that review Maritime Safety Management using the literature study design model. Data were collected from articles published in Scopus-indexed international journals from 2012 to 2022 and analyzed qualitatively using the Interactive data analysis model. This result showed that the trends responsible include the Effectiveness of the Safety Management System (SMS), developing the model, and identifying sources that raised safety problems. This study discussed these findings in detail, supported by the latest theory and empirical foundation. Furthermore, aspects not examined in preliminary studies were evaluated based on the trend with the evolution of a standard for a SMS, namely the ISM code. Irrespective of implementing this code, ships can still be detained for various reasons. This led to use the AHP-TOPSIS combination method to analyze all findings issued during periodical verification to evaluate the implementation of the SMS on board ship.

9

Domestic RoRo ferry safety performance level monitoring based on risk assessment model using IoT: a literature review and application

Nurwahyudy Aleik, Pitana Trika, Nugroho Setyo

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

785--793

EN

Domestic RoRo (roll-on/roll-off) ferry safety has been a growing concern for years due to its continued casualty events, which have significant consequences. However, the development of the transport mode from the perspective of safety performance is considered a slow process due to the nature of its operation and less stakeholder concern. One of the significant issues, among others, lies in monitoring the safety level of the service. This condition results in a lack of awareness in every aspect of operation and every mindset of related parties. On the other hand, the Internet of Things (IoT) development has been significantly progressive, covering nearly every aspect of the transport system. The progressive process has been followed by accessibility and affordability of the technology so that every stakeholder can utilise it to the fullest. The paper explores the possibility of IoT technology being included in improving the safety of domestic ferry operations by monitoring the overall safety performance from the perspective of its risk status. The research maps the stakeholder's position based on their function and current or future IoT system. As a risk assessment model, the F-N Curve is used as the base concept for assessing the operation's safety performance and risk state condition. The research identified the possibility of integration under the IoT scheme in dynamic risk assessment. The research also recognises the significant strengths and challenges of integrating every available IoT system, which is contributed by the system's openness.

10

Cybersecurity in maritime industry

Neumann Tomasz

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

765--774

EN

The maritime industry is increasingly adopting digital solutions to optimize operations, reduce costs, improve data processing speeds, promote sustainability, and enhance safety. Advances in information technology, particularly through satellite internet connections, have enabled seamless communication between IT and operational systems. However, these developments also introduce significant cybersecurity risks. To mitigate these challenges, international regulations, such as the IMO’s Maritime Cyber Risk Management Resolution (2021), and guidelines have been implemented, emphasizing the integration of cybersecurity into Safety Management Systems (SMS). Effective cybersecurity management requires a top-down approach, beginning with executive leadership and fostering a culture of cybersecurity throughout organizations. Frameworks like those developed by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) complement IMO guidelines by providing tools to assess and manage cyber risks, especially in offshore operations experiencing rapid technological advancements. The offshore sector, vital to renewable energy and maritime economy growth, faces unique risks due to its dependency on interconnected systems. Comprehensive measures are necessary to safeguard navigation, protect infrastructure, and ensure personnel safety while adhering to evolving regulatory and technological standards. This paper highlights the need for robust cybersecurity frameworks to secure maritime operations against emerging threats, including data breaches, system manipulation, and cyberattacks, which pose challenges to global trade and maritime safety.

11

Smart vaccination reminder system for children using Cross Stack Development

Iyyanar Perumal, Akilandeswari Jeyapal, Sanjay Thalapathy, Yakesh Giridharan, Sneha Sivalingam, Vijayalakshmi Sekar

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

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R. 99, nr 10

149--152

EN

The Smart Vaccination System provides an SMS-based vaccine reminder framework for kids (SMS). This method is used to get the word out to guardians about the need of keeping their children up to date on their vaccinations. Vaccination appointments are now organised according to a written schedule. Yet, this approach wouldn't be sufficient since, during their hectic lives, parents can fail to remember. A web - based system that sends out reminders when it's time for a kid to get another injection is called a vaccine reminder web application, and it's designed to make parents' lives easier. By keeping parents more organised, knowledgeable, and proactive about their child's health, vaccine reminder web apps may lessen the likelihood of missed vaccinations and increase the likelihood that their children will be protected from avoidable illnesses.

PL

Inteligentny system szczepień zapewnia oparte na SMS-ach ramy przypominające o szczepieniach dla dzieci (SMS). Ta metoda służy do informowania opiekunów o potrzebie informowania ich dzieci o szczepieniach. Wizyty na szczepienia są teraz organizowane zgodnie z pisemnym harmonogramem. Jednak takie podejście byłoby niewystarczające, ponieważ podczas gorączkowego życia rodzice mogą nie pamiętać. Internetowy system, który wysyła przypomnienia, kiedy nadszedł czas, aby dziecko dostało kolejny zastrzyk, nazywa się internetową aplikacją przypominającą o szczepieniach i ma na celu ułatwienie życia rodzicom. Utrzymując rodziców w lepszej organizacji, wiedzy i proaktywności w zakresie zdrowia ich dziecka, aplikacje internetowe przypominające o szczepieniach mogą zmniejszyć prawdopodobieństwo pominięcia szczepień i zwiększyć prawdopodobieństwo, że ich dzieci będą chronione przed chorobami, których można uniknąć.

12

Analysis of potential risks of SMS-based authentication

Szpunar Albert, Stęchły Arkadiusz

Advances in Web Development Journal

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2023

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Vol. 1

13--25

EN

The pervasive use of mobile devices and the omnipresence of the Internet have ushered in a transformative era. Nearly everyone, regardless of age, possesses a mobile phone, bridging generational gaps in digital interaction. Mobile phones have become highly personal, with users guarding them zealously. Service providers recognize this intimate relationship, offering an opportunity to enhance security. Traditional password-based security is vulnerable to data breaches, prompting the adoption of mobile phones as a more robust platform for safeguarding digital assets. This shift has also facilitated the development of digital identification applications, reducing reliance on physical identity documents. Additionally, mobile banking applications are replacing physical payment cards, enabling secure transactions. The ascendancy of mobile payment solutions is diminishing the role of physical cash and wallets. In summary, mobile devices have reshaped security and daily activities, becoming the cornerstone of our digital existence, offering higher levels of security, convenience, and efficiency.

13

System kontroli dostępu z powiadamianiem GSM

Kowalczyk Paweł

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2021

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Vol. 62, nr 3

9--11

PL

W niniejszym artykule opisano koncepcję w pełni funkcjonalnego, niskonakładowego systemu alarmowego z powiadamianiem GSM. Zbudowana centrala alarmowa wykorzystuje mikrokontroler Atmel AVR na platformie Arduino. W pracy zastosowano wyświetlacz LCD, klawiaturę numeryczną oraz czytnik tagów RFID. W obwodzie zabezpieczenia użyto czujniki magnetyczne i sensory podczerwieni. Alarmowanie realizowane jest z użyciem sygnałów świetlnych i dźwiękowych oraz za pomocą modułu GSM. Oprogramowanie napisane zostało w języku Arduino. Badania eksperymentalne wykazały możliwość rozbudowy centrali o dodatkowe funkcje dzięki możliwości zastosowania instrukcji sterujących z wykorzystaniem wiadomości SMS.

EN

The aim of this article is to present a low-budget alarm system with GSM alerts. The basis of this alarm system is the Atmel AVR microcontroller used in the Arduino platform. In this design there has been used an LCD display, keypad and RFID reader. The security system consists of magnetic and IR sensors. Alarming is performed with the use of light and sound signals and by means of a GSM module. The code has been written in the Arduino language, while algorithm is based on a finite state machine. Additional research has shown potential to expand the system by using SMS for controlling the system.

14

Information flow in maritime safety management systems

Graboń-Chałupczak M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2020

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Vol. 14. no. 3

637--640

EN

The priority of the maritime transport operation is a high level of security, which must be constantly monitored by shipowners with a security management system. The origin of the International Code for the Management of Safe Ship Operations and Pollution Prevention and the revised guidelines for the administration of the ISM Code by administrations, the first formal mandatory standard for safety management and pollution prevention goes back to the early 1980s. Arrangement of safe ship management and operation and consequent minimization of errors human being by far the most common cause of marine disasters is its main. The shipowner's and ship's certification procedure for the Safety Management System (SMS) is in line with Regulation (EC) No 336/2006 [1] of the European Parliament and the Council of Europe of 15 February 2006 on the implementation of the ISM Code in the Community, together with the Commission's amendment European Union of June 16, 2008. The documentation contains a developed Safety Management System adapted to the conditions of a given shipowner. All elements of the system must be documented, and, above all, the duties must be described in the organizational structures. Documentation must indicate how management supervises activities at various levels, employee participation and individual management representatives in individual processes, and how the safety management system is constantly improved. The shipowner maintains a security management system in line with the requirements of the Code and complies with the requirements of the certification system. The amount of information and the speed of changes taking place in the environment makes it necessary to introduce a system of information management and channels of their flow not only within the organization, but also in communication with third parties. Proper management of information resources increases the efficiency and effectiveness of the system. In the publication, the possibility of a formalized description of information flow in a well-functioning shipowner's safety management system.

15

Blue mining na Atlantyku : realna potrzeba czy potrzeba realizmu?

Wołkowicz Stanisław, Paulo Andrzej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 2

91---103

EN

In 2018, Poland was granted the right to explore for ores in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge area of 10 000 km2, which is the initial stage of the Program of Geological Exploration of Oceans (PRoGeO) accepted by the Government of Poland in July 2017. On the part of decision-makers, expectations are huge in ensuring safe deliveries of a number of metals (Cu, Au, Ag, Pt, REE, Ni, Co, Zn and Mo). The authors carried out a detailed analysis of the published results of research on similar objects in the exclusive economic zones of Japan and Papua New Guinea. Comparative analysis, covering geological-economic, organizational, financial, geo-environmental aspects reveals that in the Polish zone of the MAR one can expect to find rich, but relatively small deposits of Cu, Zn, Ag, and Au, which meet the needs of a small part of domestic demand for these metals in less than 2 years. The geological and economic analysis shows that there is no risk of a collapse of the supply market for these metals. On the other hand, the risk of organizational and financial failure of the oceanic research project was defined as very large. The authors do not deny the need to conduct basic oceanic research. On the contrary, such research should be carried out even if the economic goal is very distant in time and vaguely outlined. However, the method ofpreparing and evaluating the program of such research should not differf rom the standards adoptedfor serious research grants, so it should have an original character, be prepared by leading research centers in a given field and be thoroughly evaluated by independent experts. Then a wide discussion will be possible in the scientific community regarding the purposefulness, scope and costs of the work.

16

Rich Communication Service : nowa jakość w komunikacji mobilnej?

Wojtczak Marta

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2019

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Vol. 60, nr 7

37--40

PL

W artykule przedstawiono jeden z nowych standardów komunikacji – Rich Communication System, wdrażany przez Google. Opisana została krótka historia rozwiązania, funkcjonalność, możliwe zastosowania, przedstawiono protokół wykorzystywany do obsługi RCS oraz bezpieczeństwo komunikacji. Artykuł prezentuje również opinie polskich internautów oraz stanowisko operatorów sieci komórkowych.

EN

The article presents one of the new communication standards – the Rich Communication System, launched by Google. A short history of the solution, functionality, possible applications, a protocol used to operate RCS and the security of communication were described. The article also presents opinions of Polish Internet users and the position of mobile network operators.

17

Wykorzystanie elektronicznego dowodu tożsamości do bezpiecznego i wygodnego uwierzytelniania w usługach elektronicznych

Lewandowski P.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2018

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nr 8-9

679--683, CD

PL

Polski rząd został zobowiązany przez Komisję Europejską do wprowadzenia elektronicznego dowodu tożsamości przed marcem 2019 roku. Chcąc zapewnić sukces tak wielkiemu przedsięwzięciu należy skupić się nie tylko na rozwiązaniach technicznych i bezpieczeństwie ale i na otoczeniu prawnym oraz na zapewnieniu jak najszerszego wachlarza dostępnych zastosowań. Niniejszy artykuł porusza kwestię wykorzystania elektronicznego dowodu tożsamości jako podstawy do stworzenia centralnego systemu potwierdzania tożsamości i zarządzania autoryzacjami. W artykule zaprezentowano rozwiązania stosowane w innych krajach, które mogą zachęcić do korzystania z elektronicznego dowodu tożsamości oraz metody zwiększenia bezpieczeństwa korzystania z tego rodzaju dowodu w usługach elektronicznych.

EN

The European Commission has obliged Polish government to implement an electronic national identification document before March 2019. The key to the success of this implementation is to focus on the legal environment and the usefulness of this solution. This article presents the concept of electronic identification document's infrastructure as the base for the central system of electronic authentication and authorisation. The Author shows useful features of electronic identification documents from other countries and popular security means to secure electronic operations such as authentication or authorisation.

18

Dimensioning aspects of SMS systems in mobile networks

Klink J., Uhl T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2017

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nr 49 (121)

110--118

EN

This paper focuses on factors affecting the dimensioning of Short Message Service (SMS) systems in mobile communications networks. Problems associated with Quality of Service (QoS) in modern communications networks in general are described, along with the main parameters that define QoS in SMS systems. The functionality of the SMS in terms of European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standards is then explained. The creation of a queuing model is described for an SMS system which is based on ETSI documentation and will be analysed in calculations. The parameter completion rate plays an important role in SMS. Practical aspects of the End-to-End (E2E) delivery time for SMS systems are also discussed. The approach suggested in this paper and the insights gained in the course of this work can be of valuable practical use in the planning and analysis of real SMS systems.

19

Nowe podejście do zarządzania bezpieczeństwem w lotnictwie cywilnym

Krzyżanowski M., Manerowski J., Gładyś S.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

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2017

|

z. 119

227--238

PL

Przedstawiono nowe podejście do zarządzania bezpieczeństwem w lotnictwie cywilnym, określane jako Safety II. Zmienia ono postrzeganie systemów operacyjnych stosowanych w lotnictwie cywilnym, a w szczególności roli człowieka (czynnika ludzkiego) w tych systemach, na przykładzie systemu kontroli ruchu lotniczego. W artykule dokonano porównania nowego podejścia do obecnie stosowanego zarządzania bezpieczeństwem, określanego jako Safety I. Zaproponowano zastosowanie metody FRAM (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) jako wsparcie w procesie oceny ryzyka zgodnie z zasadami Safety II.

EN

In this article a new approach to the management of safety in civil aviation has been proposed, referred to as Safety II, that changes the perception of the civil aviation operational systems in particular the role of human factor in the system, with simple example of air traffic control system. The comparison was made of the new approach to the currently used referred to as Safety I and the FRAM method has been proposed as an support in the process of risk assessment in accordance with principles of the Safety II.

20

Wskaźniki ścieżki podejścia precyzyjnego (PAPI), a procedury podejścia do lądowania

Janiszewski S.

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

|

2016

|

R. X cz. II

93--99

PL

Zmiana określona w Dzienniku Urzędowym ULC nr 28, gdzie zostały opublikowane wytyczne nr 3 Prezesa ULC w sprawie sposobu ustawienia wskaźników ścieżki podejścia precyzyjnego PAPI na drogach startowych z nieprecyzyjnym podejściem do lądowania, jest tak naprawdę wynikiem ciężkiej pracy grupy specjalistów w MPL Warszawa/Modlin, PKBWL, ULC oraz PAŻP. Prezes Urzędu zaleca, aby zarządzający lotniskiem zapewnił synchronizację wartości kąta świecenia świateł PAPI1 z kątem ścieżki nieprecyzyjnego podejścia dla danego kierunku drogi startowej. Właściwa identyfikacja zagrożenia, na podstawie dobrowolnego zgłoszenia załogi SP oraz analiza na poziomie organizacji, umożliwiła zmiany systemowe, co w ostateczności doprowadziło do zmian w obrębie całego kraju. To realny przykład działań proaktywnych w oparciu o wdrażany System Zarządzania Bezpieczeństwem w Polsce.