Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Wpływ dolistnego nawożenia mocznikiem na rozwój Rhopalosiphum padi L. na jęczmieniu ozimym i pszenicy ozimej

Strażyński Przemysław, Jaskulska Monika

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2025

|

T. 104, nr 10

992--996

PL

Zbadano wpływ dolistnego nawożenia azotem w formie mocznika na rozwój mszycy czeremchowo-zbożowej (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) na jęczmieniu ozimym i pszenicy ozimej. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w warunkach kontrolowanych. Wykazano, że aplikacja mocznika istotnie stymulowała wzrost liczebności populacji mszyc w porównaniu z roślinami kontrolnymi (nienawożonymi). Największą dynamikę rozwoju populacji mszyc obserwowano przy zastosowaniu 20-proc. roztworu mocznika, osiągającą w 7. dniu 43,75% w jęczmieniu i 49,76% w pszenicy, i była ona wyraźnie większa niż w obiektach kontrolnych. Natomiast 40-proc. roztwór nawozu powodował objawy fitotoksyczności roślin i ograniczał rozwój mszyc. Wyniki wskazują, że nalistne nawożenie azotem w postaci mocznika, choć korzystne dla roślin, może jednocześnie sprzyjać intensyfikacji rozwoju R. padi, co należy uwzględnić w integrowanych systemach ochrony roślin.

EN

The effect of foliar N₂ fertilization in the form of urea on the development of bird cherry aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) on winter barley and winter wheat was studied under controlled conditions. At the third leaf development stage, plants were sprayed with an aq. urea soln. at 3 concns.: 10, 20, and 40%, and aphids were introduced 3 days later. The application of urea significantly stimulated aphid population growth compared to control (unfertilized) plants. The greatest increase in aphid populations was obsd. with the 20% urea soln., reaching 43.75% on barley and 49.76% on wheat by day 7, which was significantly higher than in the control treatments. However, the 40% fertilizer soln. caused plant phytotoxicity symptoms and limited aphid development. The results indicate that foliar fertilization with N₂ in the form of urea, although beneficial for plants, may also promote the intensification of R. padi development, which should be taken into account in integrated plant protection systems.

2

Analiza zawartości suchej masy i makroelementów w nawozach naturalnych oraz ocena możliwości stosowania tych nawozów zgodnie z obowiązującymi przepisami

Tkaczyk Przemysław, Sawicka Jolanta, Igras Janusz

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2025

|

T. 104, nr 7

702--707

PL

Przeprowadzono analizę zawartości suchej masy i zawartości azotu, fosforu, potasu, magnezu oraz wapnia w nawozach naturalnych pobranych z gospodarstw prowadzących produkcję zwierzęcą. Przebadano podstawowe nawozy, takie jak obornik, gnojowica, gnojówka i pomiot ptasi. Stwierdzono duże zróżnicowanie zawartości suchej masy i składników pokarmowych. Największe ilości analizowanych składników pokarmowych stwierdzono w pomiocie, nieco mniejsze w obornikach, a najmniejsze w gnojowicy i gnojówce. Wykazano, że stosowanie nawozów naturalnych zgodnie z maksymalnym limitem azotu wpłynie na przekroczenie dopuszczalnej ilości fosforu przy zastosowaniu każdego z badanych nawozów naturalnych, co pogorszy zarządzanie tymi nawozami w gospodarstwach rolnych.

EN

The dry matter content and the level of N, P, K, Mg and Ca in natural fertilizers collected from farms engaged in animal prodn. were analyzed. The studies included such natural fertilizers types as solid manure, slurry, liq. manure and poultry litter. Considerable variability in the dry matter content and nutrient content of the manures was obsd. The highest concns. of the analyzed nutrients were found in poultry litter, slightly lower in solid manure and the lowest in slurry and liq. slurry. The study showed that the use of org. fertilizers in accordance with the max. N limit would lead to exceeding the permissible P limit for each of the tested fertilizers, which would complicate the management of natural fertilizers on farms.

3

Study on the effect of flocculation pretreatment with a single flocculant on wastewater from municipal waste transfer stations

Li Haixia, Tian Yue, Ge Hao, Jiang Kaiwen, Wu Ying, Zhou Baochang

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2025

|

Vol. 51, nr 3

57--68

EN

The authors investigated efficient flocculation methods for the treatment of effluents from municipal waste transfer stations. First, the fluctuation of effluent quality parameters from samples collected at municipal waste transfer stations was analyzed to deeper understand the characteristics of this type of wastewater. Eight flocculants were employed to treat the effluent samples. By controlling variables, the turbidity (Tur), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and ammonium nitrogen NH + 4 - Nlevels of the supernatant were measured to determine the optimal concentration, dosage, and settling time of the flocculation. The results indicated that inorganic flocculants exhibited a certain flocculation effect on municipal waste transfer station sewage. However, due to the formation of small flocs, extended flocculation times, and changes in effluent color, they were not suitable for direct ap-plication in industrial wastewater.

4

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Nutrients in High-Altitude Inland River Cascade Reservoirs

Wang Yu, Tian Miao, Wang Hao, Luo Tianfeng, Li Neng’an, Yuan Xingpeng, Xin Yaling, Zhang Yang

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2025

|

Vol. 51, nr 1

75--92

EN

The spatial distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in cascade reservoirs in high-altitude regions are crucial for water quality management. Water samples were collected from 20 typical section points in the middle and upper reaches of the Heihe River. The research focused on the nutrient concentrations in the surface, middle, and bottom layers of the cascade reservoirs. Nutrient distribution characteristics in the reservoirs were analyzed using both longitudinal and vertical sam-pling. The results showed significant depth-dependent variations in nitrogen and phosphorus concen-trations, influenced by hydrodynamic processes, sediment dynamics, and nutrient cycling. The overall trend for NO2--N, TP, and TN concentrations at the selected sampling points was consistent, with bot-tom-layer concentrations being significantly higher than those in the surface layer.NH4+-N concentration was highest in the middle layer and lowest in the bottom layer, while the CODMn was highest in the surface water and lowest in the middle layer. The primary factors affecting these spatial distribution characteristics include the types and quantities of microorganisms and biological communities at different water depths, water movement and convection, sedimentation rates of suspended particles and organic matter, as well as human activities.

5

An attempt to assess nutrients emissions from fertilisers on eutrophication in the Baltic Sea coastal zone

Bogalecka Magdalena, Pigłowski Marcin

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

|

2024

|

R. XVIII

343-- 388

EN

Eutrophication stands out as a primary concern for the Baltic Sea, predominantly attributed to the influx of nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus, originating from fertilisers. An endeavour was undertaken to evaluate the impact of fertiliser emissions on eutrophication in the Baltic coastal zone, gauged through pollutant concentrations during the period spanning 2010 to 2020. Two-way joining cluster analysis is used to indicate similarities in terms of the highest fertiliser load, by year and country and the semi-Markov model of eutrophication process is applied to both identifying and predicting the degree of eutrophication within the estuaries of seven major Baltic Sea rivers. During the investigated period, Poland and Denmark emerged as the countries with the highest fertiliser use per unit area. Based on the research, it was also determined that the area of the Gulf of Finland, at the mouth of Neva, is the most threatened by eutrophication. This is due to the simultaneous and prolonged occurrence throughout the year of high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in marine water in this region. The relationship between fertiliser use and concentration of nitrates and phosphates in estuaries is also shown.

PL

Eutrofizacja stanowi główny problemem dotykający Morze Bałtyckie, wynikający przede wszystkim z nadmiernego dopływu składników odżywczych, w szczególności azotu i fosforu, pochodzących z nawozów. Podjęto próbę oceny wpływu emisji biogenów z nawozów na eutrofizację w strefie przybrzeżnej Morza Bałtyckiego, badając stężenia związków azotu i fosforu w okresie od 2010 do 2020 roku. Zastosowano analizę skupień metodą obiektów i cech, aby wskazać podobieństwa w zakresie najwyższego obciążenia nawozami, według roku i kraju z którego pochodzą. Natomiast model semi-Markova procesu eutrofizacji został wykorzystany do identyfikacji oraz predykcji stopnia eutrofizacji przy ujściach siedmiu głównych rzek Morza Bałtyckiego. W analizowanym okresie, zarówno w Polsce, jak i Dani, zużywano najwięcej nawozów na jednostkę powierzchni lądu. Badania wykazały także, że obszar Zatoki Fińskiej, zwłaszcza u ujścia Newy, jest narażony na największe ryzyko eutrofizacji. Wynika to z jednoczesnego i długotrwałego występowania wysokich stężeń związków azotu i fosforu w wodzie morskiej w tym regionie przez cały rok. W pracy wykazano również związek między stosowaniem nawozów a stężeniem azotanów i fosforanów przy ujściach rzek.

6

Efektywność energetyczna produkcji biomasy pszenicy jarej nawożonej azotem i siarką

Klikocka Hanna, Szczepaniak Witold, Zakrzewska Aneta

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2024

|

T. 103, nr 6

683--687

PL

W celu obliczenia energochłonności produkcji pszenicy jarej wykorzystano dane z doświadczenia polowego prowadzonego w trzech sezonach wegetacyjnych 2009-2011. W eksperymencie pszenicę jarą nawożono dawkami azotu, wzrastającymi co 40 kg/ha w przedziale 0-120 kg/ha oraz prowadzono w układzie z i bez dodatku siarki (50 kg/ha). Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że najkorzystniejszy wpływ na plon biomasy (ziarna i słomy) i wartość energetyczną plonu biomasy pszenicy jarej Tybalt miało zastosowanie azotu w dawce 120 kg/ha oraz nawożenie siarką w ilości 50 kg/ha.

EN

To calc. the energy consumption of spring wheat prodn. of the Tybalt variety, data from a field expt. conducted in 3 growing seasons 2009-2011 were used. Spring wheat was fertilized with N doses increased every 40 kg/ha in the range of 0-120 kg/ha, in a system with and without S (50 kg/ha). Cultivation of spring wheat in conditions of high doses of N (120 kg/ha) and S addn. (50 kg/ha) increased the energy consumption of prodn.

7

Eeefect of hyperbaric conditions on the timing of the visuomuscular reflex in divers

Dolatkowski Augustyn, Torbus Janusz, Dęga Kazimierz, Klajman Stanisław

Polish Hyperbaric Research

|

2024

|

nr 1(86)

45--50

EN

This paper presents the results of a study of the effects of hyperbaric conditions with positive pressures of 1 to 6 atm on visuomotor reflex timing. The experimental group consisted of divers from the Navy. A prolongation of the reaction time was found, particularly evident in the overpressure ranges 0 - 1 atm and 5 - 6 atm.

8

Effect of yeast and mineral fertilisers on the level attack of the solenopsis mealybug and productivity okra plants

Bakry Moustafa M. S., Maharani Yani, Allam R. O. H.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2024

|

no. 60

228--235

EN

Mineral fertilisers are one of the most important nutrients that plants need in large quantities, which help to greatly increase crop yields, and yeast is considered a bio-stimulator of plants. However incorrect implementation of both can make them more susceptible to pest infestations. The mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an economically important polyphagous pest that destroys okra plants in Egypt. This work focused on the evaluation of mealybug infestations and okra plant productivity responses to mineral fertilisers (nitrogen and phosphorus), yeast (without and with) and their interactions. This study was executed in a private okra field ("Balady" cultivar) in Luxor Governorate, Egypt, during 2021 and 2022 seasons. A split plot design was applied, where two levels (with and without yeast) were used in the main plots, where seven levels of nitrogen and phosphorus were applied in the split plots. The results indicated that the addition of 286 kg N∙ha-1, 143 kg P∙ha-1 and yeast to okra plants led to a maximum increase in the population densities of pest, and this caused a decrease in the vegetative stage of okra that would affect the final yield as compared to the other treatments throughout the two seasons. However, the application of 190 kg N∙ha-1, 107 kg P∙ha-1, and yeast to okra plants gave the highest values for vegetative growth characteristics and resulting yield during the two studied seasons. This work aids farmers in improving okra production by comprehending good farming practices and avoiding the spread of mealybugs.

9

Qualitative Assessment of Soils in Dolyna District of Ivano-Frankivsk Region

Hryhoriv Yaroslava, Degtyarjov Vasyl, Marenych Mykola, Hanhur Volodymyr, Karbivska Uliana, Gamajunova Valentyna, Sydiakina Olena, Gniezdilova Victoria, Shcherbakov Oleksandr, Konshin Roman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 9

235--241

EN

The article presents the results of agrochemical survey of soils of the Dolyna territorial community of IvanoFrankivsk region. The agro-productive grouping of all soils of the district was carried out. There are five agroproductive soil groups within the district: sod-podzolic soils on ancient alluvial, water-glacial deposits, moraine, and eluvium of magmatic rocks; sod-podzolic and podzolic-sod surface-gleyed medium-loamy soils; deep non-gleyed and gleyed medium-loamy sod soils and their podzolized variants on ancient alluvial, water-glacial deposits, moraine, and eluvium of magmatic rocks; brown-podzolic, sod-brown-podzolic, brown mountain-forest podzolized gleyed and surface-gleyed non-eroded and slightly eroded heavy loamy and light clayey soils; sod gleyed soils; sod-brown and meadow-brown gleyed soils on alluvial and deluvial deposits, medium-loamy stony soils.These soils exhibit acidic pH, are moderately deficient in available phosphorus, and have medium levels of potassium. They are potentially fertile but require liming and the application of organic-mineral fertilizers.

10

Nitrogen-Fixing Capacity of Soybean Varieties Depending on Seed Inoculation and Foliar Fertilization with Biopreparations

Korobko Alina, Kravets Ruslan, Mazur Oleksandr, Mazur Olena, Shevchenko Natalia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 4

23--37

EN

The article reveals the role of soybean varieties and the value of their crops, capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and being a favorable predecessor in modern crop rotations, the importance of optimizing organo-mineral nutrition, seed treatment with nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-mobilizing bacteria for improving the nitrogen-fixing capacity of soybean varieties. Development of the technology of growing soybeans with environmentally friendly elements requires scientific substantiation and adaptation to the soil and climatic conditions of a particular growing zone, as well as the research of their impact on the varietal characteristics of a crop. The research outcomes conf irmed the maximum formation of the symbiotic apparatus indicators: the number and weight of soybean nodules and their intensive functioning with the formation of the highest indicators of the total and active symbiotic potential as well as the amount of biologically fixed nitrogen, it is necessary to jointly inoculate seeds with Rizoline and double application of chelated microfertilizers at microstage BBCH 12-13: Organic Balance+Azotophyte+Helprost Soybean+Liposam and at microstage BBCH 61-69: Organic Balance+Azotophyte+Helprost Boron+Liposam. At the same time, the total number of soybean nodules was formed in the Samorodok variety−50.3, of which 36.0 pcs./plant were active, in the Amadeus variety–55.6 and 40.0 pcs./plant. The total and active weight of soybean nodules in the Samorodok variety made up 515 and 399 mg/plant, and in the Amadeus variety–586 and 454 mg/plant. Indicators of total and active symbiotic potential were 31.2 and 21.6 thousand kg/day per ha in the Samorodok variety, as for the Amadeus variety–36.5 and 25.5 thousand kg/day per ha and biologically fixed nitrogen in the Samorodok variety–119.0 kg/ha, in the Amadeus variety-140.1 kg.

11

Field Measurements and Machine Learning Algorithms to Monitor Water Quality in Lakes Located in Landscape Parks – A Case Study

Walczak Natalia, Walczak Zbigniew, Laks Ireneusz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 1

49--64

EN

One of the greatest threats to many lakes is their accelerated eutrophication resulting from anthropogenic pressure, agricultural intensification, and climate change. A very important element of surface water protection in environmentally conserved areas is the proper monitoring of water quality and detection of potential threats by examining the physicochemical properties of water and performing statistical analyses that enable possible exposure of unfavourable trends. The article presents the analyses of the results of measurements made in three lakes located in the Sierakowski Landscape Park. As part of the measurements, water quality indicators i.e., phosphorus, nitrogen, BOD5 and COD, were determined monthly for a year at the inflows and outflows of the studied lakes. The test results of selected water quality indicators were analysed using machine learning algorithms i.e., PCA and k-means. The conducted tests enabled statistical estimation of changes in water quality indicators in the reservoirs and evaluation of their correlation.

12

Analysis of Selected Health Problems in Children and Youth with Environmental Issues in the Context of Air Pollution Emissions in Poland

Kupiec Jerzy Mirosław, Góra Dariusz Jerzy

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 10

273--290

EN

The study aims to analyze selected environmental aspects and trends in morbidity for specific diseases among children and youth due to emissions of selected air pollutants in various regions of Poland from 2015–2022. The frequency of certain diseases among children and youth depended on the type of county (urban or predominantly agricultural pressure) and the county’s location. The results indicate that data from the KOBIZE (National Center for Emission Balancing and Management) database is insufficient for studying youth morbidity. Statistical analyses show a correlation with the frequency of cancer and bronchial asthma in counties with livestock at the province level. Analyses concerning soil nitrogen load from NH3 and NOx emissions show significant differences between counties.

13

Total phosphorus and total Kjeldahl nitrogen removal using an aerobic granular sludge process. Case studies ANN and RSM modeling

Sanchez-Sanchez Celina, Flores-Gomez Jean, Moeller-Chávez Gabriela, Morales-Rivera Juan

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 50, nr 1

123--137

EN

Removing nutrients from wastewater is essential because high concentrations in aquatic systems lead to severe eutrophication problems, the most common impairment of surface waters such as lakes and oceans. Total phosphorus (TP) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) were removed from mixed wastewater using an aerobic granular sludge process in a sequencing batch reactor (AGS-SBR). An artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the main parameters of the process. For TKN removal, only cycle time (CT) (0.0475) was a significant variable, achieving removal efficiencies of up to 81%. In TP case removal, two parameters, VER and AR, were substantial for this process, completing elimination efficiencies of around 40%. On comparing the models with statistical indices, ANN coupled with the moth-flame optimization algorithm (ANN-MFO) demonstrated higher performance with an adjusted R2 (0.9866) for the case of TP removal and (0.9519) for TKN removal.

14

Investigation of Post-Fire Peatland Natural Recovery, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Wahyono Sri Cahyo, Kurnain Ahmad, Nata Iryanti Fatyasari, Asyari Mufidah

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 4

104--115

EN

Peatlands play a critical role in global habitats since are composed of heterogeneous materials and chemical reactions. Peatland fires significantly change the chemical characteristics of its soil, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content. This study aimed to measure peatland recovery only on those soil chemical characteristics based on two different times of sampling that are five years (Yr+5) and seven years (Yr+7) after the fires in 2015 (taken in 2020 and 2022). This study was conducted in the Balangan River - Batangalai River peat hydrological unit, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Soil samples were collected at nine different locations, including are six locations in the areas that experienced fires in 2015 and three locations in the areas that did not experience fires. Those soil samples were taken with excavated pits at each sample location at each depth of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm. This study found that the carbon content in the post-fire area increased by 22.00% and in the natural area by 9.90%. The nitrogen content in the post-fire area increased by 1.94% and in the natural area by 1.17%. The potassium content in the post-fire areas increased by 16.33% and in the natural areas by 4.44%. The phosphorus content in the post-fire area increased by 3.18% and in the natural area by 5.11%. C/N ratio increased by 19.68% and C/P ratio increased by 18.24%. Overall, the increase in carbon, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, C/N ratio and C/P ratio in post-fire and natural peatlands indicates an improved condition. This study can provide supporting information for the regulator, management or expertise of the land and forest rehabilitation to speed up the recovery process.

15

Enhancing Energy Production and Pollutants Removal in Landfill Leachate Using Anode-Modified Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells

Emalya Nikita, Tarmizi Tarmizi, Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna, Munawar Edi, Yunardi Yunardi, Fathanah Umi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 3

28--37

EN

The utilization of sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) technology presents a paradigm-shifting method for converting the chemical energy obtained from organic and inorganic compounds found in sediment and wastewater substrates into electrical energy. This concept exhibits potential as an environmentally sustainable solution within the future energy sector and presents opportunities for wastewater remediation. This study aims to investigate the influence of anode modification in the SMFC system on generating electrical energy and removing pollutants in landfill leachate. The modification entails synthesizing a nanostructured copper layer on stainless steel (Cu-SS), subsequently compared to the conventional copper (Cu) anode. Results underscore the effectiveness of anode modification, as SMFCs featuring modified anodes exhibit twice the electrical output compared to unmodified counterparts. Modified anode SMFCs yield voltage and current density readings of 615 mV and 17 mA/m2, respectively. In addition to electricity generation, the study delves into the SMFC’s efficacy in nitrogen compound removal. Experimental results unveil the impressive capability of modified anode SMFCs, achieving 81.02% removal of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), while unmodified counterparts reach 76.64%. Furthermore, the removal percentages for ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite compounds within SMFCs equipped with modified anodes are 88%, 51%, and 13%, respectively. This comprehensive analysis underscores the multifaceted benefits of anode modification, amplifying electrical output and enhancing the SMFC’s proficiency in nitrogen compound removal, thereby contributing to its potential applications in developing sustainable wastewater treatment and energy generation systems.

16

Dynamic relationship between population densities and air quality in the four largest Norwegian cities

Zhivkov Petar, Kesarovski Todor

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

|

2024

|

Vol. 39

713--718

EN

Air pollution is a significant cause of health problems and disease worldwide. Considering the rapid urbanisation at a global scale in recent decades, resulting in more and more people in urban areas, cities deserve special attention in this regard. In this paper, we use air quality measurement data from 2010 to 2023 in the four largest Norwegian cities (Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim and Stavanger) and correlate it with the evolution of population densities for the same period. The empirical analysis focuses on nitrogen dioxides (NO2) and particular matter (PM2.5 and PM10) as critical pollutants in urban areas to verify whether their concentrations are affected by the increase in population densities for individual municipalities. In addition, we also correlate the data on air pollutants with different natural indicators such as temperature, air pressure, humidity and wind and the rate of motorisation in the cities of interest.

17

Shielding gas oxygen and nitrogen content effects in the case of duplex stainless steel welding

Varbai Balázs

Advances in Materials Science

|

2024

|

Vol. 24, nr 3(81)

111--123

EN

The duplex stainless steels show improved localized corrosion resistance and strength comparing to the austenitic stainless steels. All of the duplex stainless steels solidify as pure ferrite and the double microstructure is evolving during the solid-state, diffusion driven phase transformation. In this research nitrogen and oxygen containing argon-based shielding gases were used. It was found that the nitrogen and oxygen addition significantly increased the weld metal austenite content, up to +27%. The oxygen addition also improved the weld dissolved oxygen content with up to +0.09%, and the weld penetration depth with up to +3.3 mm.

18

The effect of pollutants on the content of nutrients in soil

Pukish Arsen V., Sydorenko Olha I., Mandryk Oleh M., Korobeinykova Yaroslava S., Tuts Oleh M.

Nafta-Gaz

|

2023

|

R. 79, nr 4

266--277

EN

Soil degradation occurs as a result of the ingress and accumulation of excessive amount of pollutants in the soil. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the complex effect of soil contamination (concentration of petroleum products, toxic salts, dense residue, sodium ions, sulfate ions, magnesium ions, calcium, chloride ions, bicarbonate ions) on the content of nutrients (alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humus). A detailed analysis of scientific papers has been carried out, based on which the main scientific tasks solved in the article have been formulated. It has been established that soil-salt processes are insufficiently studied and are the object of scientific research in recent years. At the first stage of research, sampling was carried out and the content of nutrients and pollutants in the soil was determined. Determination of element concentrations was performed by collecting soil samples and their subsequent laboratory testing. At the second stage, a correlation-regression analysis of the obtained data was performed and multiple linear regressions were established. The interaction of substances in the soil was determined by analyzing the obtained multiple linear regressions. Two types of soils were studied: with chloride and with sulfate type of salinization. For soils with chloride type of salinity, dependences have been established for the content of humus, alkaline nitrogen and potassium, while in case of phosphorus multiple linear regression does not exist. For soils with sulfate type of salinization, multiple linear regression dependences of concentrations of alkaline nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium have been determined. It is established that the complex influence of the studied elements is decisive. No regression dependence was found for the humus content, which indicates that the concentration of the studied elements has almost no effect on the humus content in the soil. Comparison of the obtained multiple linear regressions with the results of laboratory studies showed a good correlation between these data series. The obtained regularities of pollutant and nutrient interactions in soils are expected in future to enable creation of scientific bases for development of new methods of desalination of soils polluted by formation waters as well as for planning effective reclamation actions.

PL

W wyniku wnikania i gromadzenia się w glebie nadmiernych ilości zanieczyszczeń następuje degradacja gleby. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań teoretycznych i eksperymentalnych złożonego wpływu zanieczyszczenia gleby (stężenie produktów naftowych, toksycznych soli, gęstego osadu, siarczanow, jonów sodu, magnezu, wapnia, chlorków, wodorowęglanów), na zawartość składników pokarmowych (hydrolizowanego alkalicznie azotu, fosforu, potasu, humusu). Przeprowadzona została szczegółowa analiza prac naukowych, na podstawie której sformułowano główne zadania badawcze rozwiązane w artykule. Stwierdzono, że procesy glebowo-solne zbadane są w stopniu niedostatecznym i stanowią one przedmiot badań naukowych w ostatnich latach. W pierwszym etapie badań pobrano próbki i wyznaczono zawartość składników pokarmowych i zanieczyszczeń w glebie. Wyznaczenia stężeń pierwiastków dokonano poprzez pobranie próbek gleb i ich późniejsze badania laboratoryjne. W drugim etapie wykonano analizę korelacyjno-regresyjną uzyskanych danych i ustalono wielokrotne regresje liniowe. Oddziaływanie substancji w glebie określono poprzez analizę otrzymanych wielokrotnych regresji liniowych. Badano dwa rodzaje gleb: o zasoleniu chlorkowym i siarczanowym. Dla gleb o zasoleniu chlorkowym ustalono zależności w odniesieniu do zawartośći humusu, azotu hydrolizowanego alkalicznie i potasu, natomiast dla fosforu regresja liniowa wielokrotna nie wystapiła. Dla gleb o zasoleniu siarczanowym wyznaczono zależności wielokrotnej regresji liniowej stężeń azotu alkalicznego, fosforu, potasu. Ustalono, że decydujące znaczenie ma kompleksowe oddziaływanie badanych pierwiastków. Dla zawartości humusu nie stwierdzono zależności regresji, co wskazuje, że stężenie badanych pierwiastków prawie nie wpływa na zawartość humusu w glebie. Porównanie uzyskanych wielokrotnych regresji liniowych z wynikami badań laboratoryjnych wykazało dobrą korelację między tymi seriami danych. Uzyskane prawidłowości oddziaływania zanieczyszczeń i składników pokarmowych w glebach pozwolą w przyszłości stworzyć naukowe podstawy rozwoju nowych metod odsalania gleb zanieczyszczonych wodami złożowymi, jak również planować efektywne prowadzenie prac rekultywacyjnych.

19

Wpływ czynnika napędowego na skuteczność gaśniczą stałych urządzeń mgłowych wykorzystywanych do ochrony obiektów

Markowska Dorota, Wolny Paweł

Materiały Budowlane

|

2023

|

nr 7

37--40

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań laboratoryjnych wpływu rodzaju gazu napędowego oraz objętościowego natężenia przepływu wody na skuteczność gaśniczą zaprojektowanego i wykonanego stałego urządzenia mgłowego. Jako gaz napędowy zastosowano powietrze sprężone lub azot. Podczas badań mierzono temperaturę i szybkość jej spadku, czas stłumienia płomienia testowego pożaru oraz stężenie tlenu w pomieszczeniu. Do testów pożarowych użyto stosu belek z drewna sosnowego. Największą skuteczność gaśniczą systemu mgłowego otrzymano w przypadku testu, w którym objętościowe natężenie przepływu wody wynosiło 3 dm3/s i czynnikiem napędowym był azot. Uzyskane wyniki pokazują, że rodzaj zastosowanego gazu w systemie mgłowym ma znaczenie, gdyż bierze on udział w gaszeniu, co podważa zapisy normy NFPA 750, która zakłada, że czas gaszenia wymagany przez normę jest tak krótki, że rodzaj gazu nie ma wpływu na proces stłumienia pożaru.

EN

The article presents the results of a laboratory study of the effect of the type of propellant and the volumetric flow rate of water on the extinguishing effectiveness of a designed and manufactured fixed water mist fire protection system. Compressed air or nitrogen was used as the driving gas. During the tests, the temperature and its rate of decrease, the time of suppression of the test fire flame and the oxygen concentration in the room were measured. A stack of pine wood beams was used for the fire tests. The highest extinguishing efficiency of the water mist system was obtained for the test, where the volumetric flow rate of water was 3 dm3/s and the driving agent was nitrogen. The results show that the type of gas used in the water mist fire protection system and takes part in extinguishing, which undermines the provisions of the NFPA750 standard. The standard assumes that the extinguishing time used by the standard is so short that the type of gas does not affect the fire suppression process itself.

20

Soil conditions under great cormorant and grey heron colonies in a wetland : Effect on soil nematode abundance and trophic structure

Kozacki Dawid, Ilieva-Makulec Krassimira, Hryniewicz Marek, Makulec Grzegorz

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2023

|

no. 58

79--88

EN

This study aimed to investigate how great cormorants and grey herons affect the density and trophic diversity of soil nematodes under breeding colonies located in Stawy Raszyńskie Nature Reserve (central Poland). Soil samples from the colonies were compared to control samples from adjacent areas unaffected by birds. Samples were taken at each site (two colonies and two relevant control sites) to a depth of 20 cm, and the soil cores were split into topsoil (0-10 cm) and subsoil (10-20 cm). A modified Baermann method was used to extract nematodes from the soil. The soil under nests supported more abundant nematode communities, but with a lower trophic diversity compared to the control sites. The cormorants had a greater impact on nematodes than the herons. We found that the external nitrogen input, the higher organic matter content and abundance of ammonifying bacteria, as well as the lower soil pH under the colonies than in the control sites, affected the nematode trophic groups in different ways. Compared to the control sites, there were significantly more bacterivorous nematodes but fewer herbivorous nematodes under the colonies. No predatory nematodes were found under the bird colonies and, in the case of the cormorant colony, no omnivorous nematodes. No significant differences in the abundance of fungivorous nematodes between the impact and the control plots were noticed. The results indicate that allochthonous input under bird colonies promotes microbial activity and the most opportunistic trophic group of nematodes, which may at least temporarily enhance decomposition and mineralisation processes and consequently affect nutrient cycling in the wetland soil.