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1

Import produktów rybołówstwa w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej w kontekście możliwości zbytu polskich wyrobów

Hryszko Krzysztof

Przemysł Spożywczy

|

2026

|

T. 80, nr 3

14--20

PL

Polski eksport ryb i owoców morza wyniósł w 2024 r. 451 tys. ton o wartości 3,27 mld EUR, co stanowiło odpowiednio 6,3 i 8,8% unijnego eksportu ogółem. Jednocześnie zapotrzebowanie krajów UE na tę grupę produktów wyniosło blisko 11 mln ton, a udział polskich produktów w unijnym imporcie stanowił już tylko 3,9%. W artykule scharakteryzowano ogólne zmiany, jakie zaszły w popycie importowym na produkty rybołówstwa w krajach unijnych w latach 2015-2024 oraz przedstawiono szczegółową analizę wybranych państw z uwzględnieniem tendencji oraz struktury gatunkowej, produktowej i geograficznej przywozu oraz znaczenia w danym rynku polskich produktów.

EN

Polish exports of fish and seafood amounted to 451 thousand tons worth EUR 3.27 billion in 2024, accounting for 6.3% and 8.8% of total EU exports, respectively. At the same time, EU countries’ demand for this group of products amounted to nearly 11 million tons, with Polish products accounting for only 3.9% of EU imports. The article characterises the general changes in import demand for fishery products in EU countries in 2015-2024 and presents a detailed analysis of selected countries, taking into account trends and the species, product and geographical structure of imports, as well as the importance of Polish products in a given market.

2

Competitiveness of the polish beef market - economic and environmental aspects

Kowalska Anna Sylwia, Olszańska Anna, Soukal Ivan

Economics and Environment

|

2026

|

No. 2

art. no. 1112

EN

The paper discusses economic and environmental aspects of the competitiveness of the beef market from the Polish perspective. Features of the growth in this market after the economic transformation are presented, with emphasis on progress in the specialisation and quality of production. We analysed market trends, production quality improvements, and export dynamics to show Poland's role as a major beef producer and exporter within the EU. The aim of the paper is to outline the changes that have taken place in Polish trade with EU countries and with third countries, as well as the competitiveness of the beef sector on international markets. The analysis is based on Eurostat data from the years 2003-2022, analysed via import-export coverage ratio, market concentration measures, and analysis of comparative advantages. The results show that Poland is in a strong position in the EU market, although potential risk areas were found. The future of the Polish beef market will depend on its ability to adapt to global market trends, changes in consumer preferences, and challenges related to sustainable production.

PL

W artykule dokonano analizy polskiego rynku wołowiny w kontekście jego roli w Unii Europejskiej oraz na arenie międzynarodowej. Polska, jako jeden z głównych producentów i eksporterów wołowiny w UE, znajduje się w korzystnej pozycji, aby skorzystać z dużego zapotrzebowania na wysokiej jakości mięso wołowe. W pracy skupiono się na ekonomicznych i środowiskowych aspektach konkurencyjności rynku wołowiny. Ponadto, tekst zawiera krótką charakterystykę rozwoju tego rynku w Polsce po transformacji systemowej, z podkreśleniem znaczącego postępu w specjalizacji i jakości produkcji. Przedstawiono również wyzwania i uwarunkowania prowadzenia tego kierunku produkcji związane ze zrównoważoną produkcją, w tym emisją gazów cieplarnianych i wykorzystaniem zasobów wodnych, podkreślając rosnącą świadomość ekologiczną zarówno producentów, jak i konsumentów. Celem opracowania jest ukazanie zmian, jakie miały miejsce w polskiej wymianie handlowej z krajami UE oraz krajami trzecimi, jak również konkurencyjności sektora mięsa wołowego na rynkach międzynarodowych w kontekście uwarunkowań jego rozwoju, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem uwarunkowań środowiskowych. Analiza wykorzystuje dane z Eurostatu za lata 2003-2022, a także różnorodne metody statystyczne, w tym wskaźniki pokrycia importu eksportem, miary koncentracji rynku i analizę przewag komparatywnych. Wyniki wskazują na silną pozycję Polski na rynku UE, choć zauważono także potencjalne obszary ryzyka ale także możliwości dalszej dywersyfikacji rynków eksportowych. W konkluzjach stwierdzono, że przyszłość polskiego rynku wołowiny będzie zależała od zdolności do adaptacji do globalnych trendów rynkowych, zmian w preferencjach konsumenckich oraz wyzwań związanych ze zrównoważoną produkcją.

3

The importance of green investments in improving the competitiveness of municipalities in Poland

Spychała Marcin

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2025

|

z. 220

337--355

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the relationship between environmental (so-called "green") investments and the change in the level of competitiveness of municipalities in Poland. The significance of green investments in improving the competitiveness of local governments at the municipal level was determined based on the division of the studied units into four groups: urban municipalities, urban-rural municipalities, rural municipalities and cities with county rights. The study was designed to verify the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the change in the level of competitiveness and the scope of environmental investments in municipalities in Poland, with the highest relationship being noted in cities with county rights. Methodology: The study presents changes in the level of competitiveness of municipalities based on 21 indicators and the scope of green investments in municipalities based on 10 indicators constructed based on public statistical data from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office. The selection of indicators was made using the Z. Hellwig reduction method - i.e. by isolating diagnostic features that showed little correlation between each other. The level of competitiveness and environmental investments were presented based on a synthetic measure showing the taxonomic distance of a given municipality from the established development pattern. In turn, the relationships between the studied variables were established based on regression analysis. Findings: As a result of the conducted research procedure, environmental investments and changes in the level of competitiveness of 2477 communes in Poland were presented, and the relationships between these variables were determined in the individual research groups. The most significant relationships were observed among cities with county rights and rural communes. In turn, the highest values of the synthetic index in the field of competitiveness were recorded in the case of urban-rural communes, and in the field of environmental investments - in the case of urban communes. Originality/value: The article presents the results of extensive research conducted on a group of 2477 entities based on 31 indicators that uniquely present the competitiveness and environmental orientation of investments in municipalities in Poland. The obtained results of the study may be a source of inspiration for EU institutions in the field of formulating environmental strategies covering the entire area of the European Union.

4

Investments in R&D as a component of modern business competitiveness

Włodarczyk Katarzyna, Górska Agata

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2025

|

z. 220

473--481

EN

Purpose: This paper explores the impact of investments in research and development (R&D) on the competitiveness of modern enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: In article was use literature of subject in the theoretical part and the example of Northwood, a company from Gryfice, Poland in practical part. Findings: It highlights how R&D initiatives contribute to creating competitive advantages by improving product quality, operational efficiency, and brand reputation. By implementing a comprehensive R&D strategy, Northwood achieved substantial gains in competitiveness within the wood production industry. Practical implications: Using the case study of Northwood, a company from Gryfice, Poland, the study illustrates the practical applications of R&D in enhancing market position through sustainable practices, innovation, and technological advancements. Originality/value: This paper examines the broader economic significance of R&D investments in driving national and international competitiveness, with an emphasis on their strategic value in business growth and resilience.

5

Competitiveness of the steel sector in Poland

Papaj Tomasz, Techmański Zbigniew

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2025

|

z. 228

461--485

EN

Purpose: The aim of the work is to identify factors influencing the competitiveness of the steel sector in Poland and its characteristics, as well as to determine the level of competition intensity in it. Design/methodology/approach: In order to achieve the objectives, the following research questions have been formulated: what factors affect the competitiveness of the steel sector in Poland, what is the structure of the steel sector in Poland and what is the level of competition intensity in the steel sector in Poland? The research used the sector analysis according to M. Porter, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) as a measure of market concentration and a critical analysis of the literature. Findings: The article presents an analysis of the steel sector in Poland. It describes in detail the structure of the sector, including the division of companies by size, legal form and PKD codes for 260 companies, and also characterizes the main steel producers in Poland. Research limitations/implications: The research has been limited to the analysis of companies registered in the National Court Register that have codes related to metal production in their core business, narrowing them down to steel. As a direction for further research, it is possible to indicate the extension of the scope of the analysis to include excluded non-ferrous metals, as well as the analysis of the entire value chain, taking into account basic fossil raw materials (iron ore, coking coal) and secondary raw materials (steel and non-ferrous scrap). The impact of technological transformation related to decarbonization on the future structure and competitiveness of the steel sector could be studied. Practical implications: Practical implications for enterprises include the identification of factors influencing the competitiveness of the steel sector in Poland. Originality/value: The article presents an analysis of the steel market concentration in Poland based HHI in 2023, which has not been previously published for such research assumptions of the sector. The article is intended for practitioners and researchers dealing with the subject of the steel sector in Poland and worldwide.

6

Competitive regional development and the cohesion policy of the European Union as a means of counteracting development disparities

Tuziak Arkadiusz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2025

|

z. 220

455--471

EN

Purpose: The main objective of the article is to characterize and analyze the cohesion policy of the European Union in the context of competitive regional development and counteracting excessive development disparities. In implementing the formulated objective, it was assumed that cohesion policy should be evolve towards: greater networking, realising the endogenous potential of the regions, a holistic approach to the continent’s space and strengthening Europe’s position in global competition. It should also be based on a long-term strategic vision. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses a method of analysis of literature in the field of regional studies referring to the problems of competitiveness in regional development. The reference point of the analyses are the main assumptions of the EU cohesion policy setting out the framework for the functioning of regions in the conditions of European integration. The thematic scope of the article includes an analysis of the basic factors and determinants of competitiveness in regional development, presentation of the main causes and dimensions of interregional development divergence and characterization of EU cohesion policy with particular emphasis on its impact on competitiveness and reduction of development disparities in the regional dimension. In the summary of the article, an attempt was made to outline a new model of cohesion policy. The challenges for regional cohesion policy in the context of contemporary global trends and transformations are also presented. Social implications: The impact of the characteristics and analyses contained in the article may be manifested in the scope of objectives, directions and practices implemented by public authorities within the framework of pro-development regional policy. It can contribute to raising the awareness and knowledge of the regional community in terms of targeted, sustainable and competitive development at regional level within the context of the implementation of the priorities and principles of EU cohesion policy. Originality/value: The value of the article is based on a focused analysis of the issue of competitiveness of regional development and showing its determinants in the perspective of EU cohesion policy. The characteristics and analyses of the subject issues contained in the article are included in the current of regional studies dealing with the issue of reducing disparities between regions and counteracting their backwardness through the implementation of programs and policies strengthening economic and social cohesion.

7

An algorithmic society and its impact on the competitiveness of organizations

Szajczyk Marek

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 220

389--400

EN

Purpose: This article aims to provide a deeper understanding of how algorithms influence competitive advantage, organizational decision-making, and potential ethical dilemmas. Design/methodology/approach: The primary research assumption is that the integration and use of algorithms significantly affect organizational competitiveness and communication. Algorithms offer opportunities for enhanced efficiency, improved decision-making, and product differentiation, but they also pose challenges related to transparency, organizational dynamics, and ethics. The central research question is: how do algorithms influence the creation and maintenance of competitive advantage, the dynamics of organizational communication, and decision-making processes within organizations? Findings: The research highlights differences in the adoption and use of algorithms (including artificial intelligence) across countries, identifies the most common application areas of generative AI in organizations, and examines cost reduction and revenue growth driven by GenAI implementation. Additionally, the study explores the level of personal understanding of GenAI and its perceived impact on business processes across various industries. Research limitations/implications: The study faces limitations in assessing the nuanced impact of algorithms on human interactions and in adapting findings to diverse industries. Practically, organizations must balance automation with human oversight to ensure ethical and effective decision-making. Navigating these dynamics is critical to fully leveraging the benefits of algorithms while addressing associated risks. Originality/value: This research provides a comprehensive exploration of how algorithms shape organizational dynamics and competitiveness. It offers practical insights into the diverse applications of algorithms and highlights challenges such as transparency and communication dynamics posed by AI integration. By bridging theoretical perspectives with practical implications, the study delivers valuable guidance for organizations adapting to the transformative impact of AI.

8

Czynniki konkurencyjności portów morskich Trójmiasta

Kurowski Jacek

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

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2025

|

R. XIX

117--137

PL

W referacie wskazano i scharakteryzowano główne czynniki otoczenia, decydujące o konkurencyjności portów Gdańska i Gdyni. W świetle przeprowadzonej analizy wskazano główne czynniki globalnego otoczenia, które mogą mieć decydujące znaczenie w kształtowaniu konkurencyjności portów Gdańska i Gdyni. Stwierdzono, że siła współczesnych liderów w branży morskiej opiera się na integrowaniu działalności w zakresie usług portowych i logistycznych oraz eksploatacji i budowy statków. Działania w kierunku dalszej poprawy pozycji rynkowej portów morskich Trójmiasta powinny być objęte strategicznymi planami rządowymi, co wpisuje się w dążenia UE do nadania strategicznego znaczenia gospodarce morskiej.

EN

This paper identifies and characterises the key environmental factors that influence the competitiveness of the ports in Gdańsk and Gdynia. Based on the conducted analysis, the main global factors that could play a decisive role in shaping the competi-tiveness of these ports have been highlighted. It has been concluded that the strength of contemporary leaders in the maritime industry is based on integrating port services, logistics, as well as shipbuilding and operation activities. Efforts to further improve the market position of the sea ports in the Tricity region should be included in the government’s strategic plans, aligning with the EU’s goals to enhance the strategic importance of the maritime economy.

9

Tendencje rozwojowe handlu zagranicznego produktami rybołówstwa w Polsce

Hryszko Krzysztof

Przemysł Spożywczy

|

2025

|

T. 79, nr 4

26--31

PL

Polska jest dużym importerem ryb, przetworów rybnych i owoców morza. Zapotrzebowanie rynku krajowego i popyt na surowiec ze strony zakładów przemysłu rybnego znacznie przekracza możliwości zarówno połowowe, jak i zasobowe naszego rybołówstwa. Jednocześnie Polska należy do największych eksporterów produktów rybołówstwa wśród krajów Unii Europejskiej. W artykule scharakteryzowano zmiany zachodzące w obszarze wymiany handlowej sektora rybnego w latach 2014-2023 z uwzględnieniem struktury produktowej, gatunkowej i geograficznej oraz aspektów konkurencyjności sektora.

EN

Poland is a large importer of fish, fish products and seafood. Domestic market demand and the demand for raw material from the fishing industry far exceeds both the catch and resource capacity of our fisheries. At the same time, Poland is one of the largest exporters of fisheries products among EU countries. The article characterises the changes taking place in the area of trade in the fish sector between 2014 and 2023, taking into account the product, species and geographical structure, as well as aspects of competitiveness of the sector.

10

Talent w organizacji

Banaszak Aneta, Banaszak Sławomir

Przemysł Spożywczy

|

2025

|

T. 79, nr 9

4--5

PL

Talent oraz zarządzanie talentami to dziś modne i – zarazem – ważne zagadnienia. Niemniej, jak w przypadku wszelkich istotnych dla zarządzania kwestii, nie wszyscy rozumieją te terminy w jednakowy sposób. A jak wiadomo, by sprawnie się porozumiewać, wpierw należy uzgodnić kod językowy. Dlatego rozpoczniemy niniejszy tekst od kilku definicji, które, mamy nadzieję, nie będą wcale nudne (kto powiedział, że definicje muszą być nudne…?!) i rzucą nieco światła na organizacyjne talenty.

11

Czy polscy producenci żywności są wciąż konkurencyjni cenowo na rynku Unii Europejskiej?

Szczepaniak Iwona

Przemysł Spożywczy

|

2025

|

T. 79, nr 9

18--23

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zróżnicowania cen produktów żywnościowych w Unii Europejskiej w latach 2015-2024 oraz odpowiedź na pytanie, czy polscy producenci żywności są wciąż konkurencyjni na unijnym rynku żywnościowym. Podejmowane przez przedsiębiorstwa działania zazwyczaj skierowane są na poprawę konkurencyjności, która wyraża się lepszą pozycją konkurencyjną na rynku międzynarodowym oraz utrzymaniem przewag konkurencyjnych w długim okresie. Dotychczasowym źródłem przewag konkurencyjnych polskich producentów żywności na rynku unijnym były przede wszystkim przewagi kosztowocenowe. Wraz z postępującą integracją ekonomiczną polskiego rynku żywnościowego z rynkiem UE następuje wyrównywanie cen krajowych z cenami unijnymi. W trosce o utrzymanie pozycji konkurencyjnej, wymusza to na producentach żywności wysiłki na rzecz stosowania pozacenowych instrumentów konkurowania.

EN

The aim of the article is to present the differentiation of food prices in the European Union in the years 2015-2024 and to answer the question whether Polish food producers are still competitive on the EU food market. The actions taken by enterprises are usually aimed at improving competitiveness, which is expressed by a better competitive position on the international market and maintaining competitive advantages in the long term. So far, the source of competitive advantages of Polish food producers on the EU market have been primarily cost and price advantages. Along with the progressive economic integration of the Polish food market with the EU market, domestic prices are aligned with EU prices. In order to maintain a competitive position, this forces food producers to make efforts to use non-price instruments of competition.

12

Comparing and Improving the Performance of Multinational Subcontractors in Metalworking – A Comparative Case Study

Lehtimäki Juha, Ollikainen Mikael, Salminen Vesa, Varis Juha

Management and Production Engineering Review

|

2025

|

Vol. 16, No. 2

[nr art. 14], s. 1--13

EN

Companies aim to stay competitive while ensuring that subcontracting networks play a key role. This study examines multinational subcontractors to identify factors affecting competitiveness, comparing countries with different income levels. Salary costs are generally expected to directly impact product prices. The study’s goal is to find measures that highlight development targets and methods to improve productivity for both customers and subcontractors. In addition to component price, the research examines service delivery and quality indicators that influence the customer’s competitiveness. Profitability depends on identifying development areas that impact overall competitiveness. However, deficiencies in the production engineering development activities of the subcontractors were found, which could have improved their competitiveness. Results also showed that the primary factor influencing the customer’s purchasing decision was component price, often leading to orders being placed outside Finland, due to lower costs. This underscores the need for subcontractors to focus on total overall productivity to maintain a competitive advantage in global markets.

13

Ewolucja kompetencji inżynierskich

Mackiewicz Tomasz

Kierunek Chemia

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2025

|

Nr 2

32--34

PL

Zarządzanie kompetencjami inżynierskimi staje się kluczowym elementem strategii każdej organizacji dążącej do utrzymania swojej konkurencyjności i innowacyjności.

14

The formation process of key competencies of an enterprise

Ippolitova Inna

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Technicznej w Katowicach

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2024

|

T. 19

121--142

EN

The article identifies that it is important for enterprises to be competitive in the long term, so they must constantly strengthen their strategic potential and create hard-to-reproduce sustainable competitive advantages. These can only be achieved through the continuous development of existing core competencies and the creation of new ones in response to rapid changes in the external environment. Formation and maintenance of such advantages is a key element for strengthening competitive positions in the market. The article examines the theoretical aspects of the concept of “core competence of an enterprise” and the content of this definition by foreign and domestic scholars. The author also considers the process of further development and improvement of certain concepts related to certain aspects of the functioning of a competent organization. A detailed study of the essence, role and importance of competence as a source of competitive advantages of an enterprise with a view to the long-term functioning of an enterprise has made it possible to formulate a sequence of formation of key competences. The proposed sequence of formation of the key competences of an enterprise helps to systematically and effectively understand the process of their formation, which allows an enterprise to create unique advantages and strengthen its position in the market. Formation, implementation and development of the enterprise’s key competencies have a significant impact on its competitiveness in the long run by creating unique competitive advantages over competitors

PL

W artykule wskazano, że ważne jest, aby przedsiębiorstwa były konkurencyjne w długim okresie, dlatego muszą stale wzmacniać swój potencjał strategiczny i tworzyć trudne do odtworzenia trwałe przewagi konkurencyjne. Można to osiągnąć jedynie poprzez ciągły rozwój istniejących kluczowych kompetencji i tworzenie nowych w odpowiedzi na szybkie zmiany w otoczeniu zewnętrznym. Tworzenie i utrzymywanie takich przewag jest kluczowym elementem wzmacniania pozycji konkurencyjnej na rynku. Artykuł analizuje teoretyczne aspekty koncepcji “kluczowych kompetencji przedsiębiorstwa” oraz treść tej definicji przez badaczy. Autor rozważa również proces dalszego rozwoju i doskonalenia niektórych koncepcji związanych z pewnymi aspektami funkcjonowania kompetentnej organizacji. Szczegółowe badanie istoty, roli i znaczenia kompetencji jako źródła przewagi konkurencyjnej przedsiębiorstwa w perspektywie długookresowego funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstwa pozwoliło na sformułowanie sekwencji kształtowania kluczowych kompetencji. Proponowana sekwencja kształtowania kluczowych kompe tencji przedsiębiorstwa pomaga systematycznie i skutecznie zrozumieć proces ich kształtowania, co pozwala przedsiębiorstwu tworzyć unikalne przewagi i umacniać swoją pozycję na rynku. Kształtowanie, wdrażanie i rozwój kluczowych kompetencji przedsiębiorstwa ma znaczący wpływ na jego konkurencyjność w dłuższej perspektywie poprzez tworzenie unikalnych przewag konkurencyjnych nad konkurentami.

15

The impact of organizational agility on the efficiency of an enterprise

Kocot Maria, Golińska-Piesyńska Małgorzata, Kocot Damian, Kwasek Artur

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

|

z. 202

223--238

EN

Purpose: The aim of this research was to examine the impact of organizational agility on the efficiency of enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted using a survey among 720 respondents from Poland in February 2023. Opinions on the impact of organizational agility on various aspects of enterprise efficiency were analyzed, such as image improvement, profitability, market position, competitiveness, building trust and relationships with customers, promoting social activities and ethical and sustainable operation. Findings: Organizational agility has a multi-faceted impact on the functioning of enterprises, including improving the image, increasing profitability, strengthening the market position, increasing competitiveness, building trust, promoting social activities and sustainable and ethical operation. The research results indicate that the majority of respondents agree with the statement that organizational agility contributes to improving the company's image and increasing its profitability. Research limitations/implications: The research is limited to respondents from Poland, which may affect the generalizability of the results to other countries and regions. Further research is needed across industries and regions to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of organizational agility on business performance. Practical implications: Research findings can help managers identify key areas where organizational agility can deliver the greatest benefits. This may include management strategies, employee development, customer relationship management and promoting social activities and sustainability. Social implications: Organizational agility helps build trust and relationships with customers and promotes social performance and sustainability. Agile companies engage in activities for sustainable development and compliance with high ethical standards, which positively affects their image and relations with stakeholders. Originality/value: The research provides new information on the impact of organizational agility on various aspects of the functioning of enterprises in Poland. They emphasize the importance of organizational agility as a key factor influencing competitiveness, profitability and building lasting relationships with customers and investors.

16

IT outsourcing and factors of increasing the competitiveness of enterprises

Kocot Damian, Kocot Maria

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

|

z. 195

287--299

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article was to examine the factors of increasing the competitiveness of enterprises by separating services in the field of information technology (IT) and their importance for enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: This study utilized a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to a wide range of businesses. The research aimed to explore how IT outsourcing impacts corporate competitiveness across various dimensions. Findings: The study reveals that IT outsourcing significantly contributes to enhancing business competitiveness by offering cost savings, improved efficiency, access to advanced technologies, and allowing firms to focus on core competencies. Research limitations/implications: The study recognizes its limitations, including potential bias from self-reported data and limited generalizability due to focusing on a specific market segment. Future research will aim for wider industry representation and investigate the long-term effects of IT outsourcing. Practical implications: For practitioners, the study underscores the strategic value of IT outsourcing in achieving cost efficiency and leveraging technological advancements. It suggests a structured assessment of outsourcing opportunities, considering both operational and strategic impacts. Social implications: By delineating how IT outsourcing can drive business efficiency and innovation, the study implies broader societal benefits, such as job creation in the IT service sector and enhanced consumer experiences through higher quality products and services. Originality/value: This research advances both theoretical and practical knowledge of IT outsourcing's impact on business competitiveness, blending quantitative and qualitative data for a detailed analysis of its diverse benefits.

17

Innovation as an opportunity to increase the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland presented on the example of Małopolskie voivodship

Zuzek Dagmara K., Rogóż Magda

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

|

z. 203

653--665

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to examine the role of innovation as a factor influencing the growth of competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Poland, using the Małopolskie Voivodeship as a case study. The paper aims to analyse how innovation can be used to increase the competitiveness of SMEs and to identify factors determining the success of innovative activities in a regional context. Methodology: A survey was used to investigate the level of innovation and competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Poland, with a particular focus on the Małopolskie Voivodeship. The research was conducted according to the following plan: 1. questionnaire design: a survey questionnaire was developed containing questions on innovation, development strategies, challenges and support in the context of SME competitiveness; 2. selection of the research sample: a representative sample of SMEs from the Małopolskie Voivodeship was selected, taking into account the diversity of industries and sizes of enterprises; 3. conducting surveys: survey questionnaires were sent out to selected companies by e-mail, as well as delivered in person or by post; 4. data analsysis: the collected data were analysed using statistical tools, such as statistical analysis, to obtain results and conclusions; 5. interpretation of results: the results obtained were interpreted in the context of the research objectives, taking into account the specific nature of SMEs in the Małopolska region. Findings: Between 2022 and 2023 key factors for improving competitiveness included the introduction of new products and services, reduction of tax and social security contributions, improvement of quality of and service and support from public institutions. Improving product quality was key to building a positive brand image and gaining customer loyalty. Support from public institutions, including subsidies, training and regulatory facilitation, had a significant impact on companies' ability to achieve their business goals. The research also showed that less than half of the surveyed enterprises used the services offered by support institutions, suggesting the need to intensify activities promoting the benefits of cooperation with these institutions and eliminating barriers to establishing such cooperation.

18

From competitiveness of enterprises to competitiveness of cities - a theoretical review

Józefowicz Karolina

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 198

181--195

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present international studies concerning competitiveness, focusing on competitiveness of cities. Design/methodology/approach: First a review of literature is provided referring to multifaceted definitions of competitiveness. Next selected approaches to city competitiveness are presented. Methods applied to measure city competitiveness are described, while examples of studies on city competitiveness both on the international and national scale are given. The article did not impose any restrictions regarding the time or territorial scope of scientific literature. Findings: Rankings provide cities with a certain potential for promotion and marketing among similar entities. They need to be considered a key tool for the understanding of processes related to urban transformation. Quantitative studies concerning city competitiveness are not only attempts to identify the competitive position, but rather they represent the need for continuous identification and utilization of the competitive potential of cities. Originality/value: The findings serve as both a theoretical resource for researchers. The research examples indicated can serve as a point of reference for competitiveness indices being developed at national and international level.

19

Analysis of the catchment areas of airports in Poland

Dalba Bartosz

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

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2024

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z. 139

73--104

EN

The term airport’s catchment area should be understood as geographical area from which it attracts its passengers to the air services provided. With the growth of the airports network, a situation occurs in which the catchment areas of multiple airports in the region begin to overlap. This means that the market in this given region is divided among multiple airports and the definition of the catchment areas of each one must be modified in order to obtain accurate results. This work presents issues related to determining the catchment areas of airports in areas where competition between multiple airports may occur. The first and second chapters serve as a theoretical introduction to the topics discussed. The third chapter is devoted to presenting the input data used for the purposes of this work, as well as describing the mathematical model used in the work based on simple equations. The model results are presented in the form of choropleth maps in chapter four. Subsequently, these results are analysed indicating the dependencies and characteristics of the catchment areas of multiple airports. The work has been completed by summarizing the analyses performed and drawing conclusions from them.

PL

Pod pojęciem obszaru ciążenia lotniska należy rozumieć obszar geograficzny, z którego podróżni są przyciągani do oferowanych na danym lotnisku usług lotniczych. Wraz z rozwojem sieci lotnisk występuje sytuacja, w której obszary ciążenia wielu lotnisk zaczynają się zazębiać. Powoduje to, że rynek danego obszaru jest dzielony pomiędzy wiele lotnisk, a określenie obszarów ciążenia każdego z lotnisk musi być modyfikowane celem uzyskania realnych wyników. Niniejsza praca przedstawia zagadnienia związane z określaniem obszarów ciążenia lotnisk na terenach, gdzie występować może konkurencja poszczególnych lotnisk. Rozdział pierwszy oraz drugi służą za wprowadzenie teoretyczne w poruszaną tematykę. Trzeci rozdział poświęcony został przedstawieniu danych wejściowych, które wykorzystane zostały na cele niniejszej pracy, jak również opisuje wykorzystany w pracy model matematyczny na podstawie prostych równań. Wyniki modelu przedstawiane są w postaci kartogramów w ramach rozdziału czwartego. W dalszej kolejności wyniki te zostają przeanalizowane wskazując na zależności oraz charakterystyki obszarów ciążenia wielu lotnisk. Praca została zakończona poprzez podsumowanie przeprowadzonych analiz oraz wyciąga z nich wnioski.

20

Analysing efficiency and economic aspects in organic Rankine cycle systems

Zhanpeisova Aizhan, Tleshova Akmaral, Abildaeva Aiman, Uzbekova Dildash, Abdlakhatova Nazym

Polityka Energetyczna

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2024

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T. 27, z. 3

87--108

EN

Research on the technical and economic aspects of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems is of great relevance, showing potential for reducing environmental impacts and improving resource efficiency, which becomes critical in the context of the rapid global transformation towards sustainable and energy-efficient solutions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the existing systems in the field of ORC systems, including the technical and economic aspects of their application in small-scale power units. The study employed the statistical method, comparative method, and analysis. The study highlighted the key aspects of the application of ORC technology in small-scale power units. Substantial attention was given to economic analyses to identify factors affecting the competitiveness of technology in the field of small-scale energy projects. An economic study found high unit costs to be the main obstacle to the widespread adoption of the ORC in small-scale energy applications. This study also presented a technical review of the techniques for selecting the expander and working fluid. The analysis of these aspects revealed the main parameters affecting the efficiency and cost of the system. Optimization of the ORC to reduce unit cost was highlighted as a priority area for development, facilitating faster payback and widespread adoption of the technology. The role of the expander in the system and reducing the cost of high-speed power generators were also considered prominent factors for improving economic efficiency. The obtained findings may represent a valuable framework, enabling cost reduction in small-scale ORC systems and promoting the development of clean and economically competitive small-scale energy solutions.

PL

Badania nad technicznymi i ekonomicznymi aspektami organicznych systemów cyklu Rankine’a (ORC) są niezwykle istotne, wykazując potencjał redukcji wpływu na środowisko i poprawy efektywności wykorzystania zasobów, co staje się krytyczne w kontekście szybkiej globalnej transformacji w kierunku zrównoważonych i energooszczędnych rozwiązań. Celem tej analizy było zbadanie istniejących systemów w dziedzinie systemów ORC, w tym technicznych i ekonomicznych aspektów ich zastosowania w małych jednostkach energetycznych. W analizie zastosowano metodę statystyczną, metodę porównawczą i analizę. Badanie podkreśliło kluczowe aspekty zastosowania technologii ORC w małych jednostkach energetycznych. Dużą uwagę poświęcono analizom ekonomicznym w celu zidentyfikowania czynników wpływających na konkurencyjność technologii w dziedzinie małych projektów energetycznych. Badanie ekonomiczne wykazało, że wysokie koszty jednostkowe są główną przeszkodą dla powszechnego przyjęcia ORC w zastosowaniach energetycznych na małą skalę. Przedstawiono również przegląd techniczny technik doboru ekspandera i płynu roboczego. Analiza tych aspektów ujawniła główne parametry wpływające na wydajność i koszt systemu. Optymalizacja ORC w celu obniżenia kosztów jednostkowych została wyróżniona jako priorytetowy obszar rozwoju, ułatwiając szybszy zwrot z inwestycji i powszechne przyjęcie technologii. Rola ekspandera w systemie i obniżenie kosztów szybkich generatorów mocy zostały również uznane za główne czynniki poprawy efektywności ekonomicznej. Uzyskane ustalenia mogą stanowić cenne ramy, umożliwiające obniżenie kosztów w małych systemach ORC i promujące rozwój czystych i ekonomicznie konkurencyjnych rozwiązań energetycznych na małą skalę.