Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Analiza usług świadczonych na rzecz szpitali publicznych oraz ocena ich potencjału w realizacji wspólnych postępowań zakupowych

Tumidalski Paweł

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz

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2025

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Z. 23

79--87

PL

Usługi zlecane podmiotom zewnętrznym mają istotny wpływ na budżet każdego szpitala. Wynika to z niższych kosztów wstępnych, choć długofalowo generują one większe koszty niż realizacja tych usług we własnym zakresie. Szansą na obniżenie kosztów funkcjonowania szpitali może okazać się wspólna realizacja usług, jednak w literaturze przedmiotu brak jest rzetelnych badań na temat struktury tych usług. Głównym celem badania jest analiza struktury usług zlecanych przez szpitale w ramach przetargów oraz ocena potencjału do ich wspólnego zakupu. Szpitale do prawidłowego funkcjonowania zlecają 16 rodzajów usług na 21 zdefiniowanych w działach słownika CPV. Są to usługi w zakresie napraw i konserwacji, w tym przede wszystkim wysokospecjalistycznej aparatury medycznej i diagnostycznej, a także usługi informatyczne i transportowe. Szpitale prowadzą zbliżony profil działalności leczniczej, a usługi, które są potrzebne do udzielania świadczeń zdrowotnych, są tego samego rodzaju. Znacząca większość postępowań zakupowych wykazuje duży potencjał do wyłonienia ich we wspólnych postępowaniach przetargowych. Powszechne zastosowanie takich procedur może okazać się bardzo korzystne dla budżetu szpitala i długofalowo polepszyć jego sytuację.

EN

The impact of outsourced services is significant for any hospital’s budget. This is because there are fewer upfront costs, although in the long run these services generate higher costs than performing them independently. An opportunity to reduce the operating costs of hospitals may be the joint implementation of services, but the literature lacks reliable studies on the structure of these services. The main objective of this study is to analyze the structure of services tendered by hospitals and assess the potential for their joint purchase. Hospitals, for their proper functioning, outsource 16 types of services out of 21 defined in the divisions of the CPV dictionary. Hospitals most often outsource repair and maintenance services, especially highly specialized medical and diagnostic equipment, as well as IT and transportation services. Hospitals have a similar profile of medical activities, and the services that are needed to provide health services are of the same type, the vast majority of purchasing procedures show a high potential for being selected in joint bidding procedures. The widespread use of such procedures can prove very beneficial to the hospital budget and improve the situation of hospitals in the long term.

2

Multi-aspect study of the transport, forwarding, and logistics sector

Zysińska Małgorzata, Żak Jolanta, Seidel Saskia

Transport Problems

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2025

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T. 20, z. 3

122--133

EN

This article presents a novel, proprietary multi-aspect evaluation method designed specifically for assessing service in the transport, forwarding, and logistics (T&L) sector, with a focus on international road transport. Developed in 2023 in response to growing market volatility – including disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical tensions such as the war in Ukraine, escalating energy prices, and regulatory changes like the EU Mobility Package – the method provides a robust framework for assessing and comparing service implementation across various market segments. It integrates economic, technical, qualitative, and environmental sustainability dimensions. Unlike existing methods, this approach facilitates precise service assessment comparisons between providers and clients, thereby uncovering substantial discrepancies in service perception. While both customers and companies identified faultless deliveries, reliability, and timeliness as key service selection criteria, companies consistently assigned higher importance ratings – particularly emphasizing completeness of service – revealing a tendency toward overestimation that suggests the need for more realistic self-assessment aligned with customer expectations. Empirical research conducted in 2023 using standardized questionnaires and interval-based evaluation techniques uncovered systematic overestimations by T&L companies regarding their service performance. Notably, companies frequently overestimate their service performance in areas such as reliability, technical standards, and reputation. The proposed method stands out for its integration of economic, technical, qualitative, and environmental sustainability parameters, along with its statistical rigor, as it applies tools such as Student’s t-test, the Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Cramer’s V coefficient. Its simplicity, low implementation cost, and adaptability make it suitable for repeated commercial use across different service segments. This innovative approach supports the development of rankings and forecasting trends. By offering a validated and scalable tool for comparative analysis, this innovative method fills a critical gap in the evaluation of T&L services and companies. It provides actionable insights for both internal management and external market positioning, with relevance extending beyond Poland to the broader EU context.

3

Application of the servqual method to highlight the significance of customer satisfaction in the process of shaping quality of services and the nature of required innovation

Czajkowska Agnieszka, Kaczmarska Bożena

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 3

172--183

EN

The contemporary market for products and services is marked by intense and continually in-creasing competition, ongoing economic and technological shifts, and customers who are steadily more demanding and informed. The growing competition and the awareness of the 21st century customers require to link the new and more aware customer requirements with innovation in the services sector. The best source of information regarding changing demands comes from customer feedback, which guides modifications aimed at enhancing quality. Through their level of satisfaction, the customer imparts information about the extent, nature, and range of innovation required to fulfil their expectations. The article suggests a model util-ising the Servqual method, which helps to indicate sectors within service enterprises that re-quire modification or advancement, as well as the essence and category of said alterations. Suggestions for innovation are linked with the maximum value of the calculated indicator (RAi). The analysis of the data shows that the greatest scope for enhancement is in the E1 enterprise, where RAi in all domains exceeds the value of 30. The second business which requires quick alterations is E6. Two companies (E1 and E3) require innovation in the area related to “responsiveness.”

4

Influence of recruitment process on temporary work quality

Feliczek Patryk

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 195

107--120

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the article was to analyze and evaluate practices related to the recruitment process of temporary workers in enterprises in the logistics and warehouse industry (provision of services). At the same time, the aim of the article is to indicate the directions of actions in the field of the recruitment process that can be undertaken by the management of such enterprises in order to improve the quality of services provided by improving the quality of work. Design/methodology/approach: The study was preliminary and based on conducting a pilot qualitative study using the method of individual in-depth interview (IDI). The study covered the subject of the recruitment process of temporary workers in logistics and warehouse companies operating in the Great Poland region, and the subject of the study were the temporary workers themselves. The article presents the results of the study conducted among 25 temporary employees. Findings: The main aspects, covered in the study, regarding recruitment process are related to the way the recruitment meetings are handled, how the basing employment information are being passed to the candidate and whether what has been proposed is covered in the reality. As there have been gaps identified in those recruitment elements the author suggests some recommendations to the companies. Research limitations/implications: The presented results of the initial pilot study may be subsequently verified in the actual study. At the same time other human resources management processes, in the field of temporary workers, may be subjected to additional study. On this basis, it is possible to build a full picture of the practices used in enterprises, affecting the quality of work by temporary workers, and to indicate the directions of changes in order to improve the achieved results in terms of quality. Practical implications: The results of the study might be used by the companies interested in the form of temporary work and companies struggling with lowering quality of products or services as a result of employing temporary employees. Originality/value: As the temporary work in Poland usage is significant and increasing it is important to understand the factors influencing the quality of temporary employees’ work. This area has not been explored enough through research study.

5

Adaptacja centrów handlowych do nowych funkcji na przykładzie Galerii Malta w Poznaniu

Kopańska Julia, Marciniak Mikołaj

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz

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2023

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Z. 16

211--224

PL

W Polsce w latach 90. XX w. pojawiła się tendencja budowania coraz większej liczby centrów handlowych. Obserwując ostatnie lata, można zauważyć, że nastąpiło przesycenie liczbą wznoszonych obiektów o tej funkcji. Centrum handlowo-usługowe Galeria Malta w Poznaniu, będące głównym obiektem badania, z czasem traciło klientów, co skutkowało stopniowym zamykaniem kolejnych punktów usługowych wewnątrz niej. Jedynym sposobem na uchronienie budynku przed popadnięciem w stan pustostanu jest zaadaptowanie go do innej funkcji. Zagadnieniem badanym w artykule jest poszukiwanie alternatywnych rozwiązań adaptacji obiektów o tak ściśle określonej funkcji jak centrum handlowo-usługowe. Jedną z metod badawczych wykorzystanych w badaniu było przeprowadzenie analiz urbanistycznych. Analizie poddano również już zaadaptowane centra handlowe i domy towarowe do nowych funkcji.

EN

In Poland, a tendency to build more and more shopping centres emerged in the 1990s. Observing recent years, there has been an oversaturation in the number of facilities with this function being built. The shopping centre Galeria Malta in Poznan, which was the main object of the study, was losing customers over time which resulted in the progressive closing of further stores inside it. The only way to prevent the building from falling into a state of vacancy is to adapt it to another function. The issue investigated in this paper is the search for alternative solutions for the adaptation of buildings with such a well-defined function as a shopping and service centre. One of the research methods used in the study was urban planning analyses. Already adapted shopping centres and department stores to new functions were also analysed.

6

Ocena konsumencka usług telefonii komórkowej w Polsce – perspektywa konsumenta

Karaszewicz Paweł, Szczepańska Katarzyna

Problemy Jakości

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2022

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R. 54, nr 1

19--24

PL

Cel: Przedstawienie oceny jakości usług świadczonych przez operatorów telefonii komórkowej w Polsce. Projekt badania/metodyka badawcza/koncepcja: Badanie przeprowadzono na próbie N=169 za pomocą kwestionariusza ankiety. W realizacji celu badania wykorzystano metody: analizy piśmiennictwa, analizy i konstrukcji logicznej oraz statystyczne. Wyniki/wnioski: Stwierdzono, że ogólny poziom zadowolenia konsumentów na rynku telefonii komórkowej wynosi 3,0. Wykazano, że istnieje korelacja między oceną poziomu zadowolenia respondentów a wiekiem, wykształceniem i miejscem zamieszkania. Ograniczenia: Struktura i kryteria modelu jakości usług. Zastosowanie praktyczne: Badania poziomu jakości usług w sektorze telefonii komórkowej. Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza: Określenie determinant oceny poziomu jakości usług telefonii komórkowej.

EN

Purpose: Presenting an assessment of the quality of services provided by mobile operators in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted on a sample of N=169 using a questionnaire. The following research methods were used: literature analysis, analysis and logical construction, and statistical. Findings/conclusions: The overall level of satisfaction of mobile users with the services provided was 3.0. There is a correlation between the assessment of the level of satisfaction and the age, education and place of residence of the respondents. Research limitations: Structure and criteria of the service quality models. Practical implications: Research on the level of service quality in the mobile telephony sector. Originality/value: Determinants of the assessment of the quality level of mobile telephony services.

7

Using Internet of Services to Stablish a Service-Oriented Manufacturing Architecture model in Industry 4.0

Reis Jacqueline Zonichenn, Goncalves Rodrigo Franco, Silva Marcia Terra

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2022

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Vol. 13, No. 4

137--151

EN

The manufacturing industry has been reshaping its operations using digital technologies for a smart production towards a more customized demand. Nevertheless, the flexibility to attend the production plan changes in real time is still challenging. Although the Internet of Services (IoS) has been addressed as a key element for Industry 4.0, there is still a lack of clarity about the IoS contribution for advanced manufacturing. Through a case study, the paper aims to validate the adherence of a theoretical model named Service-Oriented Manufacturing Architecture (SOMA) in two manufacturing companies that have been already engaged in Industry 4.0. As main results, it was concluded that IoS could suit in one case of Industry 4.0 flexible production process but not in a mass production one. Considering the scarcity of research that exemplifies the IoS contribution, the present paper brings an important assessment on a real manufacturing scenario.

8

Social awareness and responsibility in context of Polish service companies

Ingaldi Manuela, Brožovà Silvie, Zhuravskaya Marina

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2021

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Vol. 3, nr 1

71--78

EN

The enrichment of the society and the consumptive lifestyle caused that customers buy more and more, having different, often very high requirements as to the purchased products and services. They often do not realize that production of such products requires more and more materials, energy and other means of production. All this leads to high exploitation of the environment. Even if the resources of the natural environment are not exhaustible, they do not keep up with their rebuilding at this pace of exploitation. That is why social awareness and responsibility both of producers and customers play such an important role. They are one of the instruments needed to operate in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. The aim of the research was to examine social awareness and responsibility among customers of service enterprises. The research was conducted with the use of an online survey, which allowed to show whether the customers of such enterprises are interested in the concept of the sustainable development, if they take it into account when using various services. The need for environmental education was indicated, which could strengthen the social awareness and responsibility among Polish customers.

9

Civil supervision and control over special services' activities

Piotrowska Anna, Kopczewski Marian, Ciekanowski Zbigniew

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2021

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Vol. 53, No. 2(200)

354--370

EN

The article addresses issues related to the civil system of democratic supervision and control over special services in Poland since the political transformation. The system is based on the supervision of the executive authority, which also sets the directions of activities, Parliamentary control – mainly with the help of the Committee for Special Services, judiciary supervision assessing their actions in terms of possible abuse of powers or failure to fulfill their obligations. The functionality of some legal solutions in the field of supervision and control over the services was assessed. The dominant role of the Prime Minister in exercising supervision over the special services was pointed out.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące systemu cywilnego demokratycznego nadzoru i kontroli służb specjalnych w Polsce od czasów przemian ustrojowych. System ten oparty jest na: nadzorze władzy wykonawczej, która także wyznacza kierunki działań; kontroli parlamentarnej – głównie za pomocą Komisji do Spraw Służb Specjalnych; nadzorze władzy sądowniczej oceniającej ich działania pod kątem ewentualnego przekroczenia uprawnień czy niedopełnienia obowiązków. Oceniono funkcjonalność niektórych rozwiązań prawnych w zakresie nadzoru i kontroli służb. Zwrócono uwagę na dominującą rolę Prezesa Rady Ministrów w sprawowaniu nadzoru nad służbami specjalnymi.

10

Outsourcing effects and company size – a comparative analysis between the manufacturing and the services sector in Poland

Maziarczyk Anna

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2021

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nr 1

57--66

EN

Introduction/background: The popularity of outsourcing as a management tool among Polish enterprises is increasing. Growing competition forces companies to look for new solutions for company management. Outsourcing is defined as a management tool to reduce costs in an enterprise. Aim of the paper: The aim of the study was to check whether there is a relationship between outsourcing and the size of the company. In the study, I list large companies and SMEs. Compares the relationships between the manufacturing and services sectors. Materials and methods: In this category, data from 250 companies from the Notoria database were used. In the first part of article, it compares the value of outsourcing across sectors using the Student T-test. In the next part of article, I examine the relationship between outsourcing and the size of companies. I compare the results between the vectors. Pearson's correlation test was used. It then compares the use of outsourcing between small and large companies. The student's T-test for independent programs was used. Results and conclusions: The results say there are differences in the use of outsourcing between the manufacturing and service sectors. I noticed that industrial companies use much more solutions provided by external suppliers. Moreover, I can see that outsourcing has a greater impact in manufacturing than in the service industry. As the company grows, the use of outsourcing increases. It also shows that large companies use outsourcing to a greater extent than smaller companies.

11

Bełchatów – wyzwania przyszłości

Skowroński Paweł

Energetyka – Społeczeństwo – Polityka

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2021

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nr 1(9)

15--21

EN

The article presents technological and economic conditions of electricity production in coalfired units. In this context, the chances of Bełchatów’s survival are considered and various business scenarios are analyzed.

12

Wholesale tariffs in transport as a tool for innovation in the area of tariff and ticket integration of rail carriers

Niedzielski Piotr, Zioło Magdalena, Dyl Krzysztof

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 108

183--199

EN

The purpose of this article is to identify the possibility of using the concept of wholesale tariffs as a tool for tariff and ticket integration of rail carriers, with a view to improving cost-effectiveness and the reduction of procedural barriers for customers resulting from lack of tariff integration of rail carriers in Poland. This article aims to raise the awareness of the concept of wholesale tariffs, which are successfully used as a tool for tariff integration and competitiveness in the telecommunications market, and to initiate discussions among professionals and researchers in the transport sector. The following test methods were used: synectics, literature review, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and documentation study. The analyses conducted showed the role of market regulators in improving cooperation between rail carriers to develop a better transport offer for rail passenger transport in Poland and, consequently, to increase the share of passenger transport in this transport sector. Similarly, it indicated that the concept of wholesale tariffs may also be a revenue (yield) management tool for rail carriers.

13

Rescue in police operations and special situations

Przyjemczak Jarosław

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2020

|

Nr 74 (tom 2)

161--180

EN

A crucial element of the state security policy is to have at disposal properly prepared anti-crisis systems. Ways in which individual entities of the anti-crisis system, such as the Police, will be prepared to combat existing threats and how effectively they will perform the assigned tasks in difficult situations depend on numerous factors, including skills, knowledge and quality of people working there. The research results presented by the author and some examples of practical solutions prove that in the scope of improving the current methods within individual formations, services and institutions it is possible to develop better, more effective models and procedures that are successfully used in many countries, and their effectiveness translates directly into the safety of both the conducted activities and the participants of these events themselves.

PL

Posiadanie właściwie przygotowanych systemow antykryzysowych jest obecnie nieodzownym elementem prowadzonej polityki państwa w zakresie bezpieczeństwa. To, w jaki sposób poszczegolne podmioty systemu antykryzysowego, takie jak np. Policja, będą przygotowane do zwalczania istniejących zagrożeń i jak skutecznie będą one wykonywać, w trudnych sytuacjach, postawione przed nimi zadania zależy od wielu czynnikow, w tym umiejętności, wiedzy i jakości ludzi w nich pracujących. Przedstawione przez autora wyniki badań oraz niektore przykłady praktycznych rozwiązań dowodzą, że w zakresie udoskonalenia posiadanych obecnie metod w ramach poszczegolnych formacji, służb i instytucji, można wypracować doskonalsze, bardziej efektywne modele i procedury, ktore w wielu krajach są z powodzeniem stosowane, a ich skuteczność przekłada się bezpośrednio na bezpieczeństwo zarówno prowadzonych działań, jak i samych uczestnikow tych zdarzeń.

14

Ratownictwo w działaniach Policji oraz sytuacjach specjalnych

Przyjemczak Jarosław

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2020

|

Nr 74 (tom 2)

141--160

PL

Posiadanie właściwie przygotowanych systemow antykryzysowych jest obecnie nieodzownym elementem prowadzonej polityki państwa w zakresie bezpieczeństwa. To, w jaki sposób poszczegolne podmioty systemu antykryzysowego, takie jak np. Policja, będą przygotowane do zwalczania istniejących zagrożeń i jak skutecznie będą one wykonywać, w trudnych sytuacjach, postawione przed nimi zadania zależy od wielu czynnikow, w tym umiejętności, wiedzy i jakości ludzi w nich pracujących. Przedstawione przez autora wyniki badań oraz niektore przykłady praktycznych rozwiązań dowodzą, że w zakresie udoskonalenia posiadanych obecnie metod w ramach poszczegolnych formacji, służb i instytucji, można wypracować doskonalsze, bardziej efektywne modele i procedury, ktore w wielu krajach są z powodzeniem stosowane, a ich skuteczność przekłada się bezpośrednio na bezpieczeństwo zarówno prowadzonych działań, jak i samych uczestnikow tych zdarzeń.

EN

A crucial element of the state security policy is to have at disposal properly prepared anti-crisis systems. Ways in which individual entities of the anti-crisis system, such as the Police, will be prepared to combat existing threats and how effectively they will perform the assigned tasks in difficult situations depend on numerous factors, including skills, knowledge and quality of people working there. The research results presented by the author and some examples of practical solutions prove that in the scope of improving the current methods within individual formations, services and institutions it is possible to develop better, more effective models and procedures that are successfully used in many countries, and their effectiveness translates directly into the safety of both the conducted activities and the participants of these events themselves.

15

Financial satisfaction achieved from offered services: the case of fitness trainers

Komańda Marcin

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

|

z. 147

153--163

EN

Purpose: An analysis was conducted regarding fitness trainers’ opinions on factors related to the profitability of rendered services. Answers to two research questions were sought: a) Is it possible to group respondents based on their opinions on the level of satisfaction from the achieved revenue and the profit margin on a standard service? b) Is there a relationship between respondents’ assignment to a specific group and the fact of conducting an additional business activity (not related to the fitness sector)? Design/methodology/approach: The study was based on the use of a structured questionnaire. The five-point scale and nominal variants of answers were used for the quantitative analysis of collected data. With regard to the nature of the surveyed subjects, non-representative sampling in the form of a snowball method was used. Findings: The results obtained reveal that, among trainers expressing satisfaction from the achieved revenue and the profit margin on a standard service, dominates the group of those, who do not conduct additional business activity and, conversely, among trainers expressing indecision and lack of satisfaction dominates the group of persons, who conduct such business activity. Research limitations/implications: The main research limitation derives from the sampling method – findings cannot be generalized on the whole population of fitness trainers. However, the obtained results shed new light on the conditions of conducting business activity by fitness trainers and formulate further research questions. Originality/value: Fitness trainers (especially those who conduct business activity) are not a popular topic of scientific work in this industry (the subject of fitness clubs dominates).

16

Współdziałanie wybranych podmiotów bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego w Polsce w warunkach epidemii COVID–19 – znaczenie oraz wyzwania

Hachaj Piotr

Wiedza Obronna

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2020

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nr 3

45--59

PL

W artykule autor przedstawił podstawy prawne i zasady prowadzenia w Polsce współdziałania pomiędzy wybranymi podmiotami bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego w przypadku wystąpienia epidemii. Bazując na doświadczeniach z pandemii COVID–19 zaprezentowano obszary wspólnych działań jednostek systemu Państwowego Ratownictwa Medycznego, Policji, Sił Zbrojnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, Straży Granicznej, Państwowej Straży Pożarnej, Straży Ochrony Kolei oraz straży gminnych i miejskich. Podkreślono znaczącą rolę współdziałania dla sprawności prowadzenia przedsięwzięć w czasie epidemii, w szczególności w sytuacji zmniejszonych możliwości kadrowych podmiotów wiodących.

EN

In the article, the author presented the legal basis and principles of cooperation in Poland between entities of internal security in the event of an epidemic. Based on the experiences of the pandemic COVID–19, areas of joint action of State Medical Emergency System, Police, Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland, Border Guard, State Fire Service, Railroad Security Guard and municipal police are presented. The significant role of cooperation in the efficiency of undertaking projects during an epidemic was emphasized, especially in the case of reduced human resouces capacity of the leading entities.

17

Safety of online shopping according to customers

Ingaldi Manuela, Brožova Silvie

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2020

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Vol. 2, nr 1

73--81

EN

Customers are more and more deciding to use various types of services via Internet. They make very often different types of purchases. E-commerce is becoming more and more popular and developed. Unfortunately, according to customers, online shopping is not free from problems. Customers are afraid that the ordered goods will not be sent to them, will not meet their expectations, or will be destroyed during transport. An important aspect is also the payment method for this type of shopping. Customers often prefer to pay more to use the option of payment on delivery to avoid losing money if the ordered goods do not be delivered to them. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the safety of services offered via Internet. In the research the customers of different e-shops expressed their opinion on problems that may affect the safety of the offered services. Thanks to the research, it was possible to identify risk areas in accordance with the opinion of customers.

18

Popularity of e-shops during the COVID-19 pandemic

Ingaldi Manuela, Brožovà Silvie

Quality Production Improvement - QPI

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2020

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Vol. 2, Iss. 1

1--10

EN

More and more people decide to use e-shops to buy every-day products. Some people do it once a week, others a few times a year. Different customers buy different products. What's more, it can be noticed that the popularity of e-shops is growing every year. It is influenced by many factors, including lack of time, rush, high competition, convenience of shopping. Due to the appearance of the COVID-19 pandemic, which paralyzed practically the whole world, locked families in homes, customers started buying selected food, cosmetics and chemical products in stationery shops. Many restrictions have been introduced, including shopping restrictions. Many people chose e-shops instead of stationery shops. The purpose of the paper was to check whether the appearance of the COVID-19 pandemic had somehow changed the shopping habits of e-shops' customers. The survey created for of this article was used during the research.

19

Zamówienia publiczne w czasie pandemii COVID-19

Nowikowska Monika

Cybersecurity and Law

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2020

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Vol. 3 (1)

113--130

PL

W związku z niebezpieczeństwem rozprzestrzeniania się zakażeń wirusem SARS-CoV-2 ustawodawca polski dostrzegł konieczność wprowadzenia szczególnych rozwiązań umożliwiających podejmowanie działań minimalizujących negatywny wpływ na gospodarkę. Ustawodawca w 2020 roku wprowadził wiele regulacji prawnych dotyczących różnych dziedzin, w tym prawa zamówień publicznych. Regulacje te potocznie określa się mianem tarcz antykryzysowych. Z punktu widzenia podmiotów zobowiązanych do stosowania prawa zamówień publicznych istotnym elementem są nowe przepisy dotyczące udzielania zamówień publicznych i wykonywania umów w sprawie zamówień publicznych. Kolejne regulacje obejmowały dalsze zmiany zarówno w zakresie umów o zamówienia, jak i samego udzielania zamówień oraz przepisów, które wpływały na kondycję finansową wykonawców, w tym ich płynność finansową.

EN

Due to the risk of spreading SARS CoV-2 virus infections, the Polish legislator noticed the need to introduce special solutions that would allow taking actions to minimize the negative impact on the economy. In 2020, the legislator introduced a number of legal regulations in many areas, including public procurement law. From the point of view of entities obliged to apply the public procurement law, an important element is the new provisions on awarding public contracts and performing public procurement contracts. Subsequent regulations included further changes in terms of both procurement contracts and the awarding of contracts as well as provisions that affected the financial condition of contractors, including their financial liquidity.

20

Różne podejścia do modelu luk

Ingaldi Manuela

Zeszyty Naukowe. Quality. Production. Improvement

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2019

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No. 2 (11)

72--82

PL

Codziennie korzystamy z różnego rodzaju usług. Przedsiębiorstwa usługowe szukają rozwiązań, jak oferować usługi jak najlepszej jakości oraz jak ta jakość oceniać. W przypadku oceny jakości usług wykorzystuje inne metody i narzędzia niż w przypadku wyrobów. Większość metod opartych jest na różnicy pomiędzy oczekiwaniami klientów oraz ich percepcją gotowej usługi. Różnica ta stanowi jedną z luk modelu jakości usług - modelu luk. Celem artykułu była zestawienie różnych wariantów najczęściej opisywanego w literaturze modelu jakości usług - modelu luk. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi opracowanie teoretyczne, a jego celem pobocznym jest zaznajomienie czytelników z podstawowymi elementami modelu luk.

EN

Every day we use various types of services. Service companies are looking for solutions on how to offer services with the best quality and how to assess this quality. When assessing the quality of services, different methods and tools than in case of products are used. Most methods are based on the difference between customers' expectations and their perception of the ready service. This difference is one of the gaps in the service quality model - the gap model. The aim of the paper was to compile various variants of the service quality model most frequently described in the literature - the gap model. This paper is a theoretical study and its secondary goal is to familiarize readers with the basic elements of the gap model.