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1

Diagnostyka konstrukcji wielkopłytowych – podsumowanie badań własnych

Wardach Maciej

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2025

|

R. 96, nr 1

93--97

PL

Ocena stanu konstrukcji wielkopłytowych jest niezbędna do zapewnienia bezpiecznej eksploatacji oraz określenia właściwych sposobów prac remontowych i modernizacyjnych. Ze względu na dużą liczbę obiektów metodyka badawcza powinna dostarczać danych potrzebnych do podjęcia decyzji w sposób szybki i jednocześnie wystarczająco dokładny. W artykule przedstawiono podsumowanie dotychczasowych analiz związanych z oceną przydatności różnych metod badawczych do badań budynków wielkopłytowych. W oparciu o te badania sformułowano praktyczne zalecenia, proponując konkretne metodyki badawcze. Dodatkowo przedstawiono przykłady analizy wpływu typowych wad na pracę konstrukcji i wzrost naprężeń występujących w elementach konstrukcyjnych.

EN

The condition assessment of large-panel structures is necessary to ensure safe operation and to determine the appropriate ways of repair and retrofitting works. Due to the large number of structures, the testing methodology should provide the data needed to make decisions quickly and, at the same time, with sufficient accuracy. The paper presents a summary of analyses to date related to the assessment of the suitability of various survey methods for the investigation of large-panel buildings. Based on these studies, practical recommendations were formulated by proposing specific research methodologies. Additionally, examples of the analysis of the impact of typical degradation on the structure’s work were provided.

2

Defect categorization of ribbon blender worm gearbox worm wheel and bearing based on artificial neural network

Barshikar Raghavendra Rajendra, Ghongade Harshvardhan P., Bhadre Anjali A., Pawar Harjitkumar U., Rane Harshal S.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

|

2024

|

Vol. 26, no. 2

art. no. 185371

EN

There is a demand for worm gearboxes in diversified industrial fields that include machinery such as escalators, ribbon blenders, pulverisers, bowl mills, etc. because of their peculiar characteristics like torque and quick retardation. The most commonly occurring defects in a worm gear box are scratches that develop in the worm gear and in bearings. Early defect categorization is required to prevent a sudden breakdown that would decrease production. The defect is depicted in different cases, which include defects in the gear tooth and the outer and inner races of the bearing. In another case, the defect is considered in the gear tooth as well as the bearing. The severity is designated using the ANN. The experiments were performed under these conditions with a good worm gearbox to capture vibration response signatures. Using these values as an input to the ANN, the model is trained. Experimental results show that vibration amplitude increases with fault progression in the worm gearbox, and the trained ANN model effectively categorizes worm gearbox faults with an accuracy of 97.12%.

3

Finite element analysis of stress intensity factors of cracks initiated in multi-materials

Attou Saadia, Bouafia Farida, Serier Boualem

Composites Theory and Practice

|

2024

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R. 24, nr 2

130--140

EN

In the present work, the finite element method was used to investigate residual stresses in multi-material systems during fabrication. A three-dimensional numerical model was designed to examine the impact of defects at the metal-ceramic interface. Additionally, this model facilitates the analysis of crack behavior originating in ceramic materials. The study extends its scope to explore the effects of crack-interface interaction, crack-defect interaction, and crack size on stress intensity factors.

4

Influence of PNM-0.38PT Defect on Transmission of Multilayer Periodic Phononic Structure

Garus Sebastian, Kuczyński Maciej, Krysiak Adam, Garus Justyna, Sochacki Wojciech

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2024

|

Vol. 69, iss. 1

319--323

EN

In this work, the impact of the defect on the transmission of a mechanical wave in a periodic quasi-one-dimensional structure was investigated. The multilayer structure was made of PLA and air, while the defect layer was PNM-0.38PT with a significantly higher value of acoustic impedance in relation to the materials of the base structure. The influence of the position of the defect in the structure and its thickness was analysed. Transmission as a function of frequency was determined using the Transfer Matrix Method algorithm. The work showed the presence of band gaps in the analyzed structures. The influence of the symmetry of structures and substructures on the transmission of a mechanical wave was investigated. The influence of the number of layers with very low acoustic impedance (air) on the number of high transmission peaks with a small half-width was also demonstrated.

5

Defects as risk factors in housing construction

Skorupka Dariusz, Pochybełko Karol

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 70, nr 4

187--198

EN

The article presents an analysis of defects in residential construction as key risk factors for the effectiveness of a construction investment. In a very competitive market, investors have to compete with each other with the organization of construction production and the quality of the product, which is a building structure. One of the basic criteria for evaluating the quality of building structures is the number and type of construction defects. Therefore, the analysis of the risk of such failures and statistical studies of the frequency and type of their occurrence were the crux of the research process presented in the article. An extensive and detailed theoretical analysis of the problem of defects in housing construction was supported by an empirical analysis. Based on the results of research on completed construction investments, the structure of the database was developed, and then a quantitative and objective analysis of defects in residential buildings was carried out. The whole is summarized with research conclusions and recommendations regarding the implementation of residential construction investments.

PL

W artykule dokonano ogólnej analizy możliwości wykorzystania procedur oceny ryzyka wystąpienia usterek budowlanych w budownictwie mieszkaniowym. W analizie skoncentrowano się na problemach identyfikacji, kwantyfikacji i mitygacji czynników ryzyka mogących mieć wpływ na powstawanie usterek budowlanych. Opisano zasadność stosowania analizy ryzyka w celu podniesienia jakości produktów budowlanych. Ponadto, przedstawiono autorskie badania dotyczące identyfikacji czynników wpływających na wysoką jakość w budownictwie. Wysoka jakość osiągana jest poprzez eliminację błędów budowlanych. Dodatkowo na podstawie zebranych danych o zrealizowanych inwestycjach budowlanych opracowano strukturę bazy danych, a następnie przeprowadzono ilościową i obiektywną analizę usterek występujących w wybranych budynkach mieszkalnych. Na podstawie bazy zidentyfikowanych wad budowlanych określono rodzaje usterek najczęściej i najrzadziej występujących w lokalach mieszkalnych. Zestawienie rodzajów usterek przedstawiono w ujęciu procentowym ich udziału we wszystkich zidentyfikowanych uszkodzeniach. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych obliczeń i analiz statystycznych określono, które czynniki są najważniejsze, a które najmniej istotne. Przeprowadzone badania i analiza ich wyników pozwoliły na wyciągnięcie wniosków dotyczących zarządzania firmą budowlaną i procesem inwestycyjnym. Badania i analizy przedstawione w artykule są częścią rozległych badań prowadzonych przez autorów publikacji.

6

Detekcja defektów izolacji transformatorów suchych typu cast-coil

Mrozik Andrzej

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2023

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R. 91, nr 11

13--15

PL

Artykuł omawia problematykę rozpoznania defektów izolacji odlewanej w transformatorach suchych typu cast-coil. W badaniach użyto metody rejestracji obrazów defektów w podczerwieni.

EN

The article discusses the issue of identifying defects in cast insulation in dry cast-coil transformers. The in the research method was used recording images of defects in infrared.

7

Wpływ wybranych czynników na jakość w budownictwie mieszkaniowym

Pochybełko Karol, Hoła Bożena

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 1-2

123--128

PL

W artykule zamieszczono wyniki badań dotyczące identyfikacji wybranych czynników i oceny ich wpływu na jakość budynków mieszkalnych. Badania i analizy czynników wpływu ograniczono do fazy realizacji, którą poprzedzała szczegółowa analiza kompletności dokumentacji projektowej, przyjętych rozwiązań, zastosowanych materiałów oraz możliwości zrealizowania obiektu. Jako miarę jakości budynków mieszkalnych przyjęto liczbę i rodzaj wad stwierdzonych podczas przeprowadzanych odbiorów technicznych. Obliczono wartości współczynników korelacji rho Spearmana oraz określono wpływ zidentyfikowanych czynników na jakość.

EN

The article presents the results of research on the identification of selected factors and the assessment of their impact on the quality of residential buildings. Research and analyzes of the impact factors were limited to the implementation phase, which was preceded by a detailed analysis of the completeness of the design documentation, the solutions adopted, the materials used and the possibility of building the facility. The number and type of defects found during technical acceptance tests were adopted as a measure of the quality of residential buildings. The values of Spearman's rho correlation coefficients were calculated and the influence of the identified factors on the quality was determined.

8

Wpływ wybranych czynników na trwałość betonowych mostów sprężonych

Madaj Arkadiusz

Materiały Budowlane

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2023

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nr 10

61--64

9

Improving optical and morphological properties of Mn-doped ZnO via Ar ion sputtering followed by high-temperature UHV annealing

Zehar Elhachemi, Ouerdane Abdallah, Chetti Boualem, Çoruh Ali

Materials Science Poland

|

2023

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Vol. 41, No. 2

325--338

EN

Using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique, pure (ZnO) and manganese (4at%)-doped zinc oxide (ZnMnO) thin films were synthesized and treated with Ar+ sputtering in the UHV (ultra-high vacuum) system. In this regard, XRD (X-ray diffraction), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), PL (photoluminescence), and AFM (atomic force microscopy) techniques were applied to investigate the electronic and photonic properties of ZnO. XRD and XPS allowed us to identify the successful incorporation of Mn as a substitute for Zn, while PL and AFM images reveal a high tendency for crystalline grains on the ZnMnO surface to aggregate to form small grains. However, bandgap narrowing, a redshift with considerable fluctuations in excitonic emission, and a perfect quenching of visible emission (400–640 nm) were observed. Investigations into defect-related emission in ZnMnO and ZnO compounds were conducted. The PL spectra of the prepared samples were measured and analyzed using Gaussian fitting. The PL of undoped ZnO exhibited an intense broad band with a peak at 550 nm. Two effects were shown to occur as a result of Mn doping: (i) a sharp quenching of self-activated PL with a progressive red-shift of the quenching’s spectral boundary; (ii) the appearance of a new emission band with a peak at 1.64 eV (756 nm), which dominates the PL spectrum and is noted in a band diagram; as well as a slight shift in the main line of ZnO, which is located at energy 3.275 eV (378.57nm).

10

Podłogi przemysłowe z wierzchnią warstwą z jastrychów poliuretanowych: podstawowe wymagania i najczęstsze wady

Sadowski Łukasz

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2023

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R. 79, nr 3-4

188--190

PL

W artykule omówiono podstawowe wymagania oraz najczęstsze wady podłóg przemysłowych z wierzchnią warstwą z jastrychów poliuretanowych. Do istotnych wad zaliczono między innymi niezgodną z zaprojektowaną grubość warstwy jastrychu poliuretanowego, za niskie w stosunku do wymaganych parametry wytrzymałościowe, a także podatność na powstawanie na powierzchni jastrychu miejscowych przetarć, schropowaceń i miejscowych wgłębnych uszkodzeń sięgających podkładu betonowego. Podano również przyczyny powstawania tych wad, zilustrowano przykładami i rezultatami badań własnych oraz wskazano przyczyny ich powstawania.

EN

The article discusses the basic requirements as well as the most common defects of industrial floors with a top layer of polyurethane screeds. Significant defects include, among others, the thickness of the polyurethane screed layer inconsistent with the designed one, strength parameters that are too low in relation to the required ones, susceptibility to the formation of local abrasions on the screed surface, roughness and local deep damage reaching the concrete foundation. The article also gives the reasons for the formation of these defects and iIIustrated with examples and results of own research and indicated the causes of their formation.

11

Impact of heterogeneous cavities on the electrical constraints in the insulation of high-voltage cables

Bakri Badis, Benguesmia Hani, Mira Aya, M’ziou Nassima

Diagnostyka

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2023

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Vol. 24, No. 1

art. no. 2023109

EN

The main insulation layer is the most important layer of the high-voltage cable, and the quality of this material directly affects the life of the cable. It is also known that contamination, porosity and associated partial discharges in the insulation can affect the service life of cables. In this paper, we use the COMSOL Multiphysics software, which is based on the finite element method in AC/DC, 2D electrostatic. Our study shows the effect of heterogeneous cavities on the functioning of electrical cables. This work contains the study of electric field distribution and potential of a model of high voltage cable; we took into account the absence and the presence of heterogeneous cavities. The study was conducted using numerical results with mathematical validation. The obtained results are considered satisfactory, favorable and very promising.

12

Comparing deterministic and statistical approaches for predicting “short can” defects in aluminium beverage can production

Baran Wojciech, Regulski Krzysztof, Kąc Sławomir, Milenin Andrij

Computer Methods in Materials Science

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2023

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Vol. 23, No. 2

29--38

EN

In the production of beverage cans, “short can” defects in the form of material discontinuities can occur during the deep drawing of cylindrical thin-walled aluminium products. These defects have a significant impact on production efficiency and scrap generation, and their occurrence is influenced by material and process properties. To determine the main influence of material on defect occurrence, two approaches were used: deterministic analysis of mechanical properties and microstructure, as well as statistical processing of production data using decision tree models. The latter approach was found to be more efficient, and a numerical tool was developed based on this approach to predict and reduce defect occurrence in the production process.

13

Technologies for monitoring the technical condition of transport infrastructure objects based on the coefficient of correlation between critical values of noise and useful signals

Aliev Telman, Musaeva Naila

Transport Problems

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2022

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T. 17, z. 2

213--224

EN

Transport infrastructure objects are exposed to a large number of loads, which cause the formation of displacements, bends, wear, cracks, breakdowns, corrosion, and other defects. It is shown that at the moment of initiation of malfunctions in objects, the noise of the noisy signals coming from the corresponding sensor takes critical values that correlate with useful signals. Therefore, algorithms are developed for calculating the probability of random noise accepting critical values, a coefficient of correlation between the critical values of the noise and the useful component, and a relay cross-correlation function. Technologies for monitoring the technical condition of transport infrastructure objects are proposed based on the estimates of the developed noise characteristics. Computational experiments are conducted, and the reliability of the developed algorithms and technologies is confirmed.

14

Zakotwienia w dźwigarach kablobetonowych KBO, KBOS i KBS

Hulimka Jacek

Przegląd Budowlany

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2022

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R. 93, nr 5-6

64--69

PL

Historia stosowania w Polsce dachowych dźwigarów kablobetonowych trwała od roku 1953 do 1976. Do dzisiaj użytkowane są setki obiektów z dachami na takich dźwigarach. Jednymi z podstawowych elementów zapewniających bezpieczeństwo tych konstrukcji są zakotwienia kabli sprężających systemu Freyssineta (bloki i stożki kotwiące), a te ewoluowały w okresie projektowania i wykonawstwa kolejnych typów dźwigarów. W artykule przedstawiono przegląd stosowanych rozwiązań wraz z przykładami praktycznymi, a także pokrótce ustosunkowano się do zasad oceny stanu zakotwień oraz sposobu postępowania w przypadku ich wad lub uszkodzeń.

EN

The history of the use of post-tensioned concrete roof girders in Poland lasted from 1953 to 1976. Until today, hundreds of structures with roofs on such post-tensioned girders are in use. One of the basic elements ensuring the safety of these structures are the anchors of the Freyssinet cables (anchoring blocks and conical plugs). They evolved during the design and construction of subsequent types of girders. The article presents an overview of the applied anchor solutions together with practical examples. In addition, the principles of assessing the condition of anchorages and the procedure in case of their defects or damage is also discussed.

15

Analiza usterek występujących podczas budowy linii kolejowych

Janowiec Filip, Leśniak Agnieszka, Ćwiertnia Radosław

Przegląd Budowlany

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2022

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R. 93, nr 3-4

34--39

PL

Podczas realizacji robót budowlanych często pojawiają się różne wady fizyczne, które wpływają na jakość, a także na stan techniczny wykonywanego obiektu budowlanego. Nieprawidłowości mogą warunkować odbiór prac bądź wpływać znacząco na wydłużenie czasu trwania procedury odbiorowej, generując opóźnienia. W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę wskazania najczęściej występujących usterek budowlanych, pojawiających się podczas budowy zasadniczych elementów konstrukcyjnych nawierzchni kolejowej.

EN

During the implementation of construction works, various physical defects often appear, which affect the quality and technical condition of the building object. Irregularities may condition the acceptance of works or significantly extend the duration of the acceptance procedure, generating delays. This article attempts to identify the most common construction faults that appear during the construction of the main structural elements of the railway track.

16

Porównanie i analiza usterek budowlanych na przykładzie dwóch wielorodzinnych budynków mieszkalnych

Zima Krzysztof, Malara Jarosław, Biel Sebastian

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 5

56--59

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie liczby, rodzaju i lokalizacji usterek budowlanych na podstawie analizy protokołów odbioru dwóch wielorodzinnych budynków mieszkalnych. Dokonano przeglądu literatury oraz przedstawiono analizę statystyczną najczęściej występujących usterek, biorąc pod uwagę różne kryteria. Najwięcej usterek zgłoszonych przez inspektorów dotyczyło rys na ścianach i parapetach oraz zarysowań szyb okiennych.

EN

The aim of the articles to present the number, type and location of defects on the basis of ananalysis of acceptance reports from two multifamily residential buildings. The article reviews the literature and presents a statistical analysis of the most common defects, taking into account various criteria. The greatest number of defects reported by the inspectors concerned scratches on walls and window sills as well as scratches on window panes.

17

Analiza istotności i korelacji usterek w budynkach wielorodzinnych

Zima Krzysztof, Malara Jarosław, Biel Sebastian

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

|

nr 7

52--55

PL

W artykule omówiono, czy lokalizacja, układ pomieszczeń oraz strony świata mają wpływ na rodzaj i charakter usterek budowlanych. Analizy dokonano z wykorzystaniem protokołów odbioru z dwóch budynków wielorodzinnych. Na jej podstawie można zauważyć, że usterki w dwóch analizowanych budynkach były podobne, pomimo realizacji prac przez różne przedsiębiorstwa budowlane, natomiast układ pomieszczeń w mieszkaniu i jego powierzchnia wpływają na liczbę oraz typ usterek budowlanych.

EN

The aim of article is to check whether the location, layout of rooms, and directions of the world have an impact on the type and nature of construction defects. The analysis was performed with the use of acceptance reports from two multifamily buildings. On the basis of the analysis, it can be noticed that the defects in the two analyzed buildings were similar, despite the fact that the works were carried out by different construction companies, while the layout of the rooms in the flat and its area affect the number and type of defects.

18

Defect-minimized directly grown graphene-based solar cells

Cui Yiqian, Wei Jiaqi, Jia Lizhe, Zhang Lukai, Zhou Qing, Liu Yanliang, Zhang Yong, Zhang Yu, Yu Wei

Materials Science Poland

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2022

|

Vol. 40, No. 3

125--134

EN

Using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to directly grow graphene nanowalls (GNWs) on silicon to preparate the solar cells is compatible with current industrial production. However, many defects in the GNWs hinder improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells. In this work, we found that the defects in GNWs can be reduced under the condition of keeping the appropriate sheet resistance of GNWs by simultaneously reducing the growth temperature and increasing the growth time. Then, a PCE of 3.83% was achieved by minimizing the defects in the GNWs under the condition of ensuring adequate coverage of GNWs on bare planar silicon. The defects in GNWs were further reduced by adding a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT):Nafion passivation coating, and the PCE was significantly improved to10.55%. Our work provides an innovative path and a simple approach to minimize the defects in graphene grown directly on silicon for high-efficiency solar cells.

19

Influence of the artificial defect on the flexible pipeline twist angle

Nazarenko S., Kovalenko R., Kolienov O., Savelie D., Miachyn V., Demianyshyn V.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 114, nr 2

58--68

EN

Purpose: To establish the dependence of the change in the values of the twisting angle of the flexible pipeline on the internal water pressure and the defect length, which is directed along and across the axis of the sleeve. Design/methodology/approach: Experimental studies were conducted in two stages. At the first stage, the methodology and plan of the experiment were developed, the factors and their values were determined, and experimental studies were conducted. The limits of variation in the area of factor spaces were established based on the basic analysis of a priori information. The length of the defect was 0, 50 and 100 mm. The pressure values in the sleeve were 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 MPa. Adequacy of the obtained regression equations was checked using Fisher's test. At the second stage, the analysis of the research results was carried out and the numerical values of the factors that most affect the change in the value of the twisting angle of the sleeve were established. Findings: According to the results of experimental studies, the dependences of the change in the twisting angle of the flexible pipeline on the internal water pressure and the length of the defect were obtained. It was established that the dependence of the previously mentioned factors is close to linear. The largest discrepancy in the maximum sleeve twist angle – 21% was observed at pressure values of 0.4 MPa. Research limitations/implications: The research was limited to only two factors: the defect length and the pressure in the middle of the sleeve. Such factors as the degree of wear of the sleeve, the type of sleeve and the number of defects on the test sample were not taken into account. Practical implications: The obtained results can be used during the development of a new method of testing flexible pipelines, which will allow to establish hidden defects in them. Originality/value: For the first time, the dependence of the influence of the size and direction of the defect on the reinforcing frame of the pressure fire hose on the value of its twist angle at constant internal pressure indicators was established.

20

Building condition ratings using infrared thermography: a preliminary study

Anuar Muhd Zubair Tajol, Sarbini Noor Nabilah, Ibrahim Izni Syahrizal, Othman Siti Hajar, Reba Mohd Nadzri

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 68, nr 4

403--418

EN

Deterioration and defects in building components are key aspects to consider when assessing buildings’ conditions, as they may influence the building’s functionality. The typical defects include cracking, moisture, dampness, and architectural defects. This paper aims to evaluate the defects in a building using a non-destructive testing (NDT), which is the Infrared Thermography (IRT) method. A visual inspection method is then conducted to verify the results of the IRT method. The combination of IRT and visual inspection methods can identify the type of defect and level of severity more accurately. In both methods, ratings or scores are given to the collected defect data to determine the consistency between them. Two (2) buildings were selected as case studies; AA1 and BB2 are multistorey buildings. From those, 51 and 67 spots were taken from the IRT method and further verification process, respectively. Among the defects that were found were moisture, dampness, cracking, staining, chipping, and flaking paint. From all the findings, IRT was found to be comparable with the visual inspection results for serious defects such as cracking and flaking paint. However, IRT was believed to underestimate the architectural defects of staining and chipping. Even so, serious defects such as dampness were also underestimated in IRT due to the fact that the temperature difference between different ratings will not differ much. In conclusion, the IRT method has the potential to be used as a tool for building condition rating. However, it should be assisted with a visual inspection, and more research needs to be conducted for its practicality.