Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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FEM Structural Analysis and CAD Hull Modelling for a Bulk Carrier - a Case Study

Pintilie Alexandru, Manea Mihaela-Greti, Cristea Ovidiu, Burlacu Paul, Mărăşescu Daniel, Clinci Catalin-Paul

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2025

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Vol. 19 No. 2

503--514

EN

Due to the frequent damage encountered in the hull of bulk carriers in operation, it is necessary to analyse the possibilities to increse the performances by structural and dimensional modeling of the central area of the hull of the vessel under the effect of combined general stresses (and specific local stresses. The present paper analyzes the response of the central section of the bulk carrier of 165000 tdw for three representative cases of total stress, re-evaluated by simulation with the help of finite element analysis software. Following the interpretation of the results obtained by the finite element analysis, the authors propose some solutions to increase the structural strength of the central area of the bulk carrier of 165000 tdw. The present study shows that the structure of the cylindrical area of the hull of the analyzed ship, remodeled by finite element, ensures the compromise between the operational requirements and the design requirements imposed by the norms The structural characteristics of the central section of the ship were analyzed, the practical validation being provided by the finding that the bending moments do not exceed the permissible values imposed by the class society. Work was done on three separate cases of ship loading and corrections were made for 12 sections of the hull. The use of high-strength steel has led to a weight reduction of 22%.

2

Developing Human-Autonomy Teaming Strategies for Maritime Cyber Security Resilience in Uncrewed Autonomous and Remote Surface Vessel Operations

Palbar Misas Juan Dorje, Tam Kimberly, Jones Kevin

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2025

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Vol. 19 No. 2

625--643

EN

The development of new technologies and digital capabilities for Uncrewed Autonomous and Remote Surface Vessel Operations (UARSVO) is driven by various industry stakeholders. This evolution impacts the maritime industry's human role, transforming from Human-Autonomy Hybrid (HAH) to Human-Autonomy Teaming (HAT). Human-Autonomy Collaboration (HAC) is vital for maritime safety, security, and sustainability, particularly in light of increasing cyber incidents in remote operations, which necessitates greater cyber resilience due to technology at sea and ashore. This paper aims to provide a holistic socio-technical approach to investigate and present an overview of the current state-of-the-art research, focusing on the human perspective in maritime cyber resilience for UARSVO. The view is developed using 76 semi-structured interviews with participants from various stakeholder groups across the Maritime Autonomous Surface Vessel (MASS) industry worldwide. Findings provide unique, holistic, and human-centred operational strategies for maritime cyber resilience, as well as the perceived training required to enhance these operations.

3

Analysis of methods for estimating pollutant emissions from marine engines in terms of their use for evaluating ambient air quality

Zimakowska-Laskowska Magdalena, Kniaziewicz Tomasz

Combustion Engines

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2025

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R. 64, nr 3

3--10

EN

This paper discusses a method for estimating pollutant emissions from the ICE of ships for air quality modelling. Three levels of emission estimation and methods for estimating ship pollutant emissions are divided into bottom-up and top-down approaches. The bottom-up approach is based on detailed ship operations and requires knowledge of many input parameters (a more accurate method, but is very time-consuming). The top-down approach is based on the value of the fuel consumed by the ship and is less precise but more accessible to apply. Various data sources are available for estimating pollutant emissions from ships, including studies commissioned by the IMO, which provide reliable emission estimates for different types of ships but lack geospatial information; the CEDS database, which optimises regional emissions information by scaling emissions from ships to national levels; CAMS-GLOB-SHIP, which provides emissions at a resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° for the following substances: CO, NOx, VOC, EC, OC, BC, SOx, SO4; the EDGAR database, which provides annual emissions estimates at a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1°, but only covers the three main GHGs and F-gases; the Automatic Identification System (AIS), which provides high-resolution ship traffic data, allowing for a more realistic description of emitters. Many methods are available for estimating ship emissions, each with advantages and disadvantages. The choice of method depends on the available data and the level of accuracy required. The availability of AIS data allows for more accurate emission estimates, which are significant for a better understanding of the impact of shipping on air quality.

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The future of energy in ships and harbors

Marichal G. N., Ávila Prats D., Conesa A., Rodríguez J. A., Iglesias G.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 1

45--53

EN

In recent decades, maritime transport, hand in hand with the International Maritime Organization (OMI), has promoted a change in the energetic model in ships and harbors. The main goal of this paper is to show the most useful advances in technologies with respect to reducing gas and particle emissions, and the implementation of technologies based on renewable energies for the propulsion of ships and the energy supply in harbors. Furthermore, new hybrid renewable energy-desalination water technologies which could change the shape of water supply to the ships from near shore zones will be shown. To carry out this study, exhaustive bibliographic research was conducted, including scientific and technical papers.

5

Legal principles and guarantees of realisation of gender equality in the labour and social sphere

Shemyakin O., Krestovska N., Ivanova A., Torskiy V., Kostyria O.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 1

145--150

EN

An employment of women-seafarers and related gender aspects are important in future development of modern shipping. At the same time, specification of maritime shipping imposes traditionally low proportion of women in relation to the total number of qualified seafarers on ships. Equality issues in maritime shipping are not only limited to equality between women and men, but also encompasses situations with vessel’s operation issues and related working relationship. The purpose of this article is to define the tasks and trends of international legal provision of gender equality’s improvement in practice plane on the basis of international law and current Ukraine’s legislation, scientific developments, domestic and foreign experience. The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) and the basic international legal instruments and agreements containing standards of equality between women and men offer member states a policy of eliminating discrimination and requiring the introduction of a range of antidiscrimination measures. International organizations such as the IMO and the ILO pay great attention to the importance of gender equality issues on merchant ships. One of the ILO's fundamental international standard is gender equality, which must be ensured by both of the state and the social partners, such as workers' and employers' organizations. Hence, ILO approaches in ensuring gender equality are very important in maritime shipping. Conducted research on gender equality, including equality between men and women in the merchant shipping industry, demonstrates a positive correlation in rights and achievements for women, in social, economic and political areas.

6

Identify the trends on Maritime Safety Management system studies: a review

Junaidi Arif, Yudo Hartono, Ab-Samat H. Abdul

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

775--784

EN

Studies to understand the development of the theory and implementation of effective Maritime Safety Management are essential to examine its performance. Therefore, this study aims to identify trends that review Maritime Safety Management using the literature study design model. Data were collected from articles published in Scopus-indexed international journals from 2012 to 2022 and analyzed qualitatively using the Interactive data analysis model. This result showed that the trends responsible include the Effectiveness of the Safety Management System (SMS), developing the model, and identifying sources that raised safety problems. This study discussed these findings in detail, supported by the latest theory and empirical foundation. Furthermore, aspects not examined in preliminary studies were evaluated based on the trend with the evolution of a standard for a SMS, namely the ISM code. Irrespective of implementing this code, ships can still be detained for various reasons. This led to use the AHP-TOPSIS combination method to analyze all findings issued during periodical verification to evaluate the implementation of the SMS on board ship.

7

External maritime policy of the EU: a unilateral initiative of Greece in the IMO

Grekos D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 1

151--158

EN

External maritime policy is the common sea transport principles of action which are supported by the EU in the international maritime organizations and especially in the IMO. Sea transport is the backbone of EU’s trade and an essential pillar of cross border support of global supply chains. So the external maritime policy is required to comply with a set of international legislation. IMO is the United Nations specialized producer of maritime law and agreements. EU cannot participate in the IMO sessions due to its legal status as a supranational political and economic union. But it maintains an observer position. This situation does not serve its external maritime policy. EU’s Member States are also independent Members of the IMO and some of them define its decisions. Recently, EU has been engaged in an effort to jointly represent its Member States in the IMO through the absolute primacy of EU law over national law. This means that EU wishes all its Member States to express the common EU positions in the IMO. It is about an indirect muzzle of Member States by the EU in the IMO’s decision making committees. This practice has been well understood by some EU’s maritime Member States and creates an ongoing confrontation. Leader of that confrontation is Greece as a traditional maritime state. Greece intends to challenge the EU introducing an initiative of unilateral representation of its positions in the IMO. To this scope, it exchanges views with other EU’s Member States in order to form a coalition. This article portrays the institutional controversy in EU’s external maritime policy by the unilateral initiative of Greece in the IMO and points out that the EU’s decisions on maritime policy are perhaps a stake for its future.

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Evaluation of Maritime Cyber Security (MarCy) Training Programme

Oruc Aybars, Chowdhury Nabin, Gkioulos Vasileios, Katsikas Sokratis

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

743--763

EN

The prevalence of digital technologies is growing in the maritime industry, as in other sectors. Consequently, concerns regarding cyber risks are also escalating. Incidents have occurred in the industry, and findings from academic studies further validate these concerns. While technical measures are being taken against cyber threats, the human element remains another crucial aspect that requires strengthening. To effectively combat cyber threats and vulnerabilities, it is imperative to enhance individuals’ awareness through education and training. In order to address the cyber security training needs of maritime professionals and students, we have developed an approach called the Maritime Cyber Security (MarCy) training programme. In this study, we evaluate all stages of the proposed programme through four conducted training sessions involving different learner groups. As a result, the MarCy programme was improved based on the findings obtained during the training sessions and the feedback from the learners. This study validates that the MarCy programme is an effective approach to meet the cyber security training needs of various groups in the maritime domain.

9

Cybersecurity in maritime industry

Neumann Tomasz

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

765--774

EN

The maritime industry is increasingly adopting digital solutions to optimize operations, reduce costs, improve data processing speeds, promote sustainability, and enhance safety. Advances in information technology, particularly through satellite internet connections, have enabled seamless communication between IT and operational systems. However, these developments also introduce significant cybersecurity risks. To mitigate these challenges, international regulations, such as the IMO’s Maritime Cyber Risk Management Resolution (2021), and guidelines have been implemented, emphasizing the integration of cybersecurity into Safety Management Systems (SMS). Effective cybersecurity management requires a top-down approach, beginning with executive leadership and fostering a culture of cybersecurity throughout organizations. Frameworks like those developed by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) complement IMO guidelines by providing tools to assess and manage cyber risks, especially in offshore operations experiencing rapid technological advancements. The offshore sector, vital to renewable energy and maritime economy growth, faces unique risks due to its dependency on interconnected systems. Comprehensive measures are necessary to safeguard navigation, protect infrastructure, and ensure personnel safety while adhering to evolving regulatory and technological standards. This paper highlights the need for robust cybersecurity frameworks to secure maritime operations against emerging threats, including data breaches, system manipulation, and cyberattacks, which pose challenges to global trade and maritime safety.

10

Analysis of benefits for ENC S-101 navigation data users in new S-101 coding format

Tomczuk Tymoteusz

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

865--872

EN

This article describes the benefits of data transit from S-57 to S-101 format, for the recipients of ENC navigation data as well as what are the goals and advantages of introducing the new format, the current technology and basic technological principles of database upgrade. A comparative analysis was carried out of depth data coding in both standards based on IHO published, actual specifications.

11

Development of model for measuring audit quality in maritime safety management

Sharma D. L.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2023

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Vol. 17 No. 4

781--787

EN

The effectiveness of International Safety Management (ISM) Code has been evaluated in many aspects. However, limited research has been attempted to evaluate the auditing mechanism, its quality, and links with the effectiveness of the Code. The aim of this Paper is to define the concepts of quality in auditing and thereafter propose a model for measuring audit quality in maritime safety management. The major challenge is that almost all auditing literature and research is focused on accounting and financial domain. Therefore, it was decided to utilize suitable principles and concepts about audit quality from financial domain and modify them to maritime context. As no theoretical model for Audit Quality in maritime domain is available, a model sourced from financial audits is modified for use. The framework for recontextualized modifying of borrowed theories from the disciplines outside the reference discipline, was used on Wooten (2003) model and Maritime Audit Quality Model (MAQM) has been proposed for evaluating ISM auditing mechanism.

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Analysis of ship accidents based on European statistical surveys

Zalewski Paweł, Posacka Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2021

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nr 68 (140)

17--25

EN

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduces, adopts, and implements new instruments, such as conventions, resolutions, and guidelines, to prevent and minimize the number and severity of accidents involving ships at sea. The results of international maritime safety requirements introduced in recent years are presented in this paper. The impact of these regulations on ship safety improvement in European marine waters was determined via an analysis of accidents over a seven-year period of 2014–2020. The analysis was based on the classification of accidents by their severity, by the type of ship involved, and by the identified causes or contributing factors. Evident, still existing “weak points” of maritime safety monitoring are emphasized, such as low reporting of incidents and superficial identification of contributing factors. It is worth noting that the technological development of marine electronic systems introduced both positive effects and novel threats to the safety of navigation. An example is an uncritical overreliance on technology and information provided via electronic means and sensors. In this context the usage of integrated, digitized bridge systems in contemporary maritime vessels and future remote control systems was stressed.

13

The idea to develop standard icons to control ecdis functions as part of s-mode proposal in the implementation process of the IMO

Weintrit A.

Archives of Transport System Telematics

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2019

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Vol. 12, iss. 4

36--44

EN

This paper presents the consequences resulting from the guidelines on the display of navigation-related information elaborated by the IMO, related to ECDIS, as part of S-Mode proposal in the implementation process of e-Navigation concept. The idea to develop standard icons to control the chart display functions in ECDIS is discussed. The use of these icons will ensure that navigation information presented on ECDIS screen will be displayed in a harmonized manner on the ships’ navigational bridge. Today many function-related icons vary across different electronic chart systems and between producers. The paper provides information on icons, symbols and abbreviations that required standardization. It was necessary to develop standard icons whose consistency will allow easy and intuitive use of user interfaces of different navigation systems.

14

Thermo-economic analysis and environmental aspects of absorption refrigeration unit operation onboard marine vehicles: RO- PAX vessel case study

Ammar N. R., Sediek I. S.

Polish Maritime Research

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2018

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nr 3

94--103

EN

Marine diesel engines lose a huge amount of fuel heat content in the form of exhaust gas and jacket cooling water, especially onboard high-powered marine vehicles such as Ro-Pax ships. In this paper, the possibility of using the waste heat of marine diesel engines as a source of heat for air conditioning absorption system is investigated. The thermodynamic analysis, in addition to the environmental and economic analysis of the air condition absorption cycle operated with two heat sources using lithium bromide as absorbent, are performed using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. The last 10 years have seen a steady growth in the passenger ferry and Ro-Pax market, with particularly strong growth in passenger numbers. As a case study, a Ro-Pax vessel operating in the Red Sea area is considered, regarding the profitability of using air conditioning absorption system. The results show specific economic benefits of the jacket cooling water operated absorption refrigeration unit (ARU) over the exhaust gas operated unit, with annual costs of capital money recovery of 51,870 $/year and 54,836 $/year, respectively. Environmentally, applying an ARU machine during cruising will reduce fuel consumption by 104 ton/year. This, in turn, will result in reducing NOx, SOx, and CO2 emissions with cost-effectiveness of 7.73 $/kg, 20.39 $/kg, and 0.13 $/kg, respectively.

15

Guidelines on the display of navigation-related information received by communication equipment at sea

Weintrit A.

Archives of Transport System Telematics

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2018

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Vol. 11, iss. 3

57--62

EN

This paper presents draft guidelines on the display of navigation-related information received by communications equipment elaborated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) [3]. It aims mainly to ensure that information is displayed in an efficient, reliable and consistent format, in a manner that is easily and accurately interpreted to support decision-making process. These guidelines supplement resolution MSC.191(79) Performance standards for the presentation of navigation-related information on shipborne navigational displays [7] in regard to the presentation of navigation information received via communication equipment. The use of these guidelines will ensure that navigation information received via communications equipment is displayed in a harmonized manner on the ships’ navigational bridge. The availability of electronic data that enhances the safe and efficient navigation of ships necessitates that shipborne systems capable of presenting this information to the user should do so in a harmonized and readily assimilated way.

16

Zintegrowany system nawigacji w świetle przepisów Międzynarodowej Organizacji Morskiej (IMO)

Ungert A.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 12

1375--1380, CD

PL

W artykule omówiony został problem integracji statkowych systemów nawigacyjnych i pozycyjnych w świetle najnowszych zaleceń Międzynarodowej Organizacji Morskiej (International Maritime Organization - IMO). Zalecenia odnośnie wymogów eksploatacyjnych mają na celu ułatwienie bezpiecznej integracji funkcji nawigacyjnych oraz informacyjnych. Analizie poddano wymagania formalne dla zasad integracji wyposażenia nawigacyjnego statków morskich w celu późniejszego modelowania jego integracji oraz wykrycia źródeł możliwych jej błędów, a także rewizji standardów szkolenia operatorów.

EN

Paper discussed the problem of integration of ships navigational and positioning systems in light of newest International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations. Performance regulations are to make integration of navigational and informational functions safer. This paper is analyzing formal requirements of integration rules for ships equipment with purpose of later cooperation modeling and detection of possible errors in the system with regard for INS operators training process.

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Szacowanie okresu kołysań własnych statków kontenerowych : porównanie metody uproszczonej z wynikami badań symulacyjnych

Krata P., Wawrzyński W.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2016

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R. 17, nr 4

72--77

PL

Artykuł przedstawia porównanie wartości okresu kołysań swobodnych statku wyznaczonego na podstawie wzorów uproszczonych zalecanych przez IMO w Kodeksie Stateczności Statku Nieuszkodzonego oraz uzyskanych w toku przeprowadzonych symulacji numerycznych. Do wykonania analizy wykorzystano dane trzech statków kontenerowych różnej wielkości i różnej generacji. Przyjęto po cztery typowe stany załadowania dla każdego ze statków. Wyniki porównania zestawiono na wykresach okresu kołysań w funkcji amplitudy dla szerokiego zakresu amplitud kołysania bocznego.

EN

The paper deals with the matter of estimation of ship’s free rolling period. The comparison of calculations based on the IMO-recommended method versus numerical simulations is presented. The particulars of three container vessels of different sizes and generation were used to perform simulations of their free rolling. Four typical loading conditions of each ship were taken into account. The results of comparison are presented in the form of plots presenting obtained rolling periods versus rolling amplitude for a wide range of such amplitude of ship rolling.

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Piractwo morskie w ujęciu retrospektywnym, pojęciowo-prawnym oraz współczesnym

Panacheda M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Ruchu Studenckiego

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2015

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Nr 1

19--38

PL

W artykule przedstawiono proceder piractwa morskiego przy uwzględnieniu trzech płaszczyzn – historycznej, pojęciowo-prawnej oraz współczesnej. Opisano historyczne uwarunkowania istnienia piractwa, począwszy od Starożytności, poprzez wiek IX i X, czyli ekspansję Normanów, po odkrycie Nowego Świata przez Krzysztofa Kolumba. W rozdziale drugim ukazano definicję piractwa na podstawie artykułu 101. Konwencji Narodów Zjednoczonych o prawie morza z 1982 roku oraz wiele pokrewnych definicji i pojęć, często mylnie utożsamianych z piractwem morskim. Ostatni rozdział artykułu zawiera opis piractwa w warunkach współczesnych, przedstawia uwarunkowania, które przyczyniły się do jego rozpowszechnienia oraz analizuje owy proceder ze względu na miejsce jego występowania. Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie piractwa morskiego w przeszłości i teraźniejszości oraz porównanie ilości ataków ze względu na ich prawną definicję oraz obszar występowania.

EN

The article presents the piracy from the three perspectives: historical, conceptual-legal and modern. It describes the historical determinants of the piracy since the Ancient Times, then in the Norman conquest in the 9 th and 10th century, till the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus. In the second chapter, it provides a definition of the piracy under the Article 101 of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea from 1982 and numerous other definitions and concepts, that very often are incorrectly identified with this illegal act. The last chapter describes the contemporary scope of the piracy, shows factors that led to its present expansion and analyzes its geographic occurrence. The publication aims to demonstrate the former and contemporary piracy, as well as to collate the number of pirate attacks taking into consideration their legal base and the area of occurrence.

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Bezpieczeństwo transportu morskiego (jako składnik koncepcji internalizacji) w polityce transportowej Unii Europejskiej

Droździecki S.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 6

569--585, CD 2

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analiz odnoszących się do kwestii regulacji prawnych z zakresu bezpieczeństwa transportu. Przeanalizowano rodzaje występujących zagrożeń, międzynarodowe przepisy prawne ukierunkowane na ich internalizację (IMO) oraz legislację Unii Europejskiej w tym zakresie.

EN

The article presents the results of analyses relating to the issue of maritime transport risks and safety legislative norms. The main types of existing threats were analysed. The subject of the article is focused on the international rules (IMO) aimed at internalization of these risks and European Union's legislation in this field.

20

Weintrit A.

Archives of Transport System Telematics

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2015

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Vol. 8, iss. 1

35--40

EN

In the paper the author tries to present the results of monitoring the implementation of the Electronic Chart Display Information System (ECDIS) to ensure that issues identified in regard to the anomalous operation of some ECDIS are collated, analyzed, communicated and resolved as speedily as possible to maintain the safety of navigation and to assist the smooth transition from paper to digital navigation.