Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Reverse logistics of e-commerce as a challenge for the CEP industry

Skurpel Dagmara, Wodnicka Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 170

457--480

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is presenting the CEP market from the perspective of the development of reverse logistics in e-commerce, which has recently played an important role both from the perspective of the customer and the companies. Design/methodology/approach: The article is based on the analysis of literature, results of secondary research and own research conducted in 2017, 2019 and 2021 among online shops and in 2021 among CEP companies. A survey of Polish e-commerce and courier companies using the CAWI technique was conducted to gather information on the behaviours, expectations and attitudes of e-customers towards making purchases and returning goods in order to identify challenges for the CEP market. Findings: As can be seen from the data analysis, the growth of the CEP industry during the Covid-19 pandemic is undeniable and is the result of the development of e-commerce and returns services. The average annual growth of courier services by 2025 in the Asia-Pacific area will be 10.8%, in America Sem. - 5.2%, in Europe - 5.1%, and in Poland - between 7-8%. The industry therefore has to deal with an increasing number of orders resulting from online shopping, new customer expectations related to security, or the reduction of direct contact. Research limitations/implications: The return policy in e-commerce is still a growing topic, which is the biggest challenge for both online stores and courier companies. The conducted research is a starting point for further analyzes regarding: e-customers' expectations regarding the level of service in the area of returns, cooperation between entities from the CEP industry and online stores, or the automation and support of reverse logistics processes in the CEP industry. Practical implications: The presented research results can serve as a source of knowledge for e-commerce entities as a foundation for building a competitive advantage on the market. For courier companies, they are the starting point for designing processes dedicated to handling return logistics for e-commerce. Originality/value: The covid-19 pandemic contributed to the acceleration of the development of the e-commerce market around the world faster than specialists had predicted. This situation forced the KEP industry to redefine the processes so as to adapt them to the new reality and respond to the growing requirements of the client. However, as the volume of online purchases increased, so did the volume of returns, which has always been a challenge for e-commerce. The conducted research showed through which activities the KEP industry redefined its role in the electronic trade.

2

Reverse logistics at home appliance manufacturers in Europe and Poland – challenges faced by the industry

Bielecki Maciej

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

125--143

EN

Purpose: models of reverse logistics (RL) that consider the sustainable development goals (SDG) and circular economy activities (CEA) are increasingly appearing in the literature. Intention of the article is to show at what stage of implementation of the SDG and CEA the home appliance industry (HAI) is currently at and what challenges it faces in terms of implementing the RL model. Design/methodology/approach: The paper shows that the information, data, industry positions and reports presented on the website of the Association of Appliance Manufacturers (APPLiA) show that the HAI is too slow in moving towards the SDG and CEA. It also prevents the implementation of theoretical models of RL. Findings: The article shows that the current actions taken by HAI in Europe and Poland are insufficient to meet the SDG, CEA, and the implementation of full models of RL. Research limitations/implications: The presented research results refer to the data presented by the HAI of Europe and Poland, as well as the information contained on the websites of the APPLiA Europe and Poland. The presented research results can be related to the information of other relevant industries such as automotive, aerospace and others, so that the hypothesis that the industry insufficiently pursues the SDG and CE and does not take strategic steps towards the implementation of models of RL with special consideration of all CE activities. Practical implications: The paper points out that for the home appliance industry to realize the SDG and the CE through the implementation of RL, it must use Design for eXcellence (DfX) tools now with a focus on Design for Circular Economy (DfCE) and Design for Logistics (DfL). Social implications: no social implication. Originality/value: The article presents the author's model of RL and formulates challenges for the industry that are associated with its implementation. It should draw the attention of various industries to the need to take strategic actions for implementation SDG and CEA.

3

Circular economy implications for e-commerce - an example of individual returnable packing

Bukowska-Piestrzyńska Agnieszka

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

173--184

EN

Purpose: Circular economy affects the need for changes in the area of packaging in e-commerce. The article demonstrates the results of the research conducted in the field of expectations regarding the features of the packaging already present on the e-commerce market in accordance with the circular economy model as well as those concerning the online buyers’ expectations regarding the parameters of packaging currently available and planned to be introduced - reusable unit packaging. Design/methodology/approach: A review of the selected literature enabled the depiction of the essence of the circular economy and its implications for the functioning of packaging in e-commerce. Own research was conducted using the survey method - the questionnaire in an electronic form was made available from 04 May to 26 June 2021. 1213 respondents from all over the country took part in the survey. Findings: Effective implementation of circular economy entails the introduction of modifications in each link of the supply chain - including packaging used in e-commerce and reverse logistics, i.e., employment of returnable packaging. This will require the cooperation of product manufacturers with packaging producers, logistics operators and transport companies servicing the last mile, and consequently the creation of new business models in supply chains that require close cooperation in the handling of returnable unit packaging. Research limitations/implications: Since the selection of the sample for the study was non¬random - the snowball method was used, the study itself is unrepresentative and the results cannot be generalized to the entire population of Poland. Research on the implementation of returnable unit packaging in e-commerce should be continued in the light of the circular economy requirements. Practical implications: Study results enable the indication of the features of the returnable unit packaging in e-commerce indicated as important by the respondents, mainly: the material of the packaging (degradable, biodegradable or recyclable); reusability; protection against external factors (including unauthorized opening); packaging size that corresponds to the size of the product; how the product is packaged and the type of closure (e.g. ease of opening); resilience. The respondents see the need to introduce returnable packaging in e-commerce. Social implications: The new social (influence on customer behavior to return packaging) and institutional (redesign of supply chains to improve reverse logistics) conditions will be required to introduce the returnable unit packaging in e-commerce, but then it may contribute to e.g., waste and carbon footprint reduction. Originality/value: The article draws attention to a very narrow section of the circular economy model which covers the reusable unit packaging that can be used in e-commerce (to reduce the scale of packaging waste production in Poland/Europe). The results of the research may be cognitively interesting for the entities that operate on the e-commerce market - both producers of goods and logistics operators.

4

A systematic review of the use of organisational and management theories in reverse logistics studies

Zhao Wenjuam, Osman Lokhman Hakim Bin

LogForum

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2023

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Vol. 19, no. 1

141--154

EN

Background: Reverse logistics studies have received increasing attention in academic, organisational, and management research. Researchers have contributed to this field by borrowing theories from sustainable business research. However, there is a lack of literature reviewing the development and contribution of reverse logistics studies in organisational and management theories. By identifying the most frequently used management theories, this paper fills the gap and describes the theoretical contribution of reverse logistics papers to organisational and management theories. Methods: Using the vote-counting technique, this article reviews 122 papers published between 2005 and 2021 to assess how organisational and management theories developed in the studies of reverse logistics. Results: The analysis indicates that, while some, such as triple bottom line and critical success factors, have been frequently employed, the relation between reverse logistics and sustainability and other organisational theories remain undeveloped. It also discovered that the research topics only focused on product and material recycling, but few on product return and exchange logistics. Conclusions: First, there is a huge gap in organisational and management theories and reverse logistics studies. It is suggested that scholars involved in reverse logistics studies can explore more connections between reverse logistics strategies and management theories in future research. Second, more theories should be used in addition to triple bottom line and critical success factors in reverse logistics research. Furthermore, although some incorporated other factors into the management theories and developed a framework after examining their interrelationship, little contribution has been made to the theories themselves. Additionally, more discussion of reverse logistics in the field can focus on product return and exchange logistics.

5

Reverse logistics and performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Kenya

Kiogora Henry Thiga, Chege Dennis, Arani Wycliffe

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2023

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Vol. 8, No. 2

86--90

EN

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between Reverse Logistics and the performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Kenya. Methodology: An explanatory research design was employed in the study. All 172 of Kenya’s registered food and manufacturing businesses were considered using the census approach. Using questionnaires, primary data was gathered. This study employed 172 questionnaires. Version 25 of the SPSS statistical program was used to analyze the data. Findings: The study found that there is a correlation of 0.705 between Reverse Logistics and the performance of Kenyan food and beverage manufacturing companies. Reverse Logistics accounted for 49.4% of the variation in the performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Kenya. A unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy: The Stakeholders theory was validated. The study noted that the use of packaging that is returnable may save costs for the firms and improve efficiency. Reverse logistics can help a company identify ways to reuse, resell or recycle materials that would otherwise end up in a landfill. Implementing reverse logistics not only helps in profit margins but also helps improve the company’s brand reputation.

6

Unit packets on the e-commerce market as assessed by potential users – research results

Bukowska-Piestrzyńska Agnieszka, Górniak Joanna

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2023

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nr 2

30--37

EN

The growing popularity of online shopping contributed to an increase in the amount of packaging used, and consequently packaging waste. With regard to packaging used for online shopping, there is a need to create conditions for full recycling and/or multiple use. Thus, enterprises operating in the area of e-commerce, and consequently also the customers who would be responsible for the return of packaging, face a challenge – the use of reusable packaging. The article presents the results of own research focused on the position of customers in relation to the functional features of unit packaging in e-commerce and returnable packaging that can be introduced. The tool was a questionnaire. The results were analyzed in statistical analysis. The study shows that it is important for customers who buy online that the unit transport packages fulfill the basic protective functions. The respondents indicated that returnable packaging should have similar features as the packaging currently used in online shopping. It seems that more attention should be focused on determining the method of return that is convenient for customers. Redesigning supply chains to improve reverse logistics, investing in new returnable packaging for online distribution of products, and creating customer-friendly and cost-effective return processes can deliver the following benefits: less waste, reduction of the carbon footprint, promoting a circular economy, cost optimization.

PL

Rosnąca popularność zakupów internetowych przyczyniła się do wzrostu ilości zużywanych opakowań, a co za tym idzie odpadów opakowaniowych. W odniesieniu do opakowań wykorzystywanych do zakupów internetowych istnieje potrzeba stworzenia warunków do pełnego recyklingu i/lub wielokrotnego użytku. Tym samym przedsiębiorstwa działające w obszarze e-commerce, a co za tym idzie, także klienci, którzy odpowiadaliby za zwrot opakowań, stają przed wyzwaniem – wykorzystaniem opakowań wielokrotnego użytku. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych ukierunkowanych na pozycję klientów w odniesieniu do cech funkcjonalnych opakowań jednostkowych w e-commerce oraz możliwych do wprowadzenia opakowań zwrotnych. Narzędziem był kwestionariusz ankiety. Wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że dla klientów dokonujących zakupów online ważne jest, aby jednostkowe opakowania transportowe spełniały podstawowe funkcje ochronne. Respondenci wskazywali, że opakowania zwrotne powinny mieć podobne cechy jak opakowania stosowane obecnie w zakupach internetowych. Wydaje się, że więcej uwagi należy poświęcić określeniu dogodnej dla klientów metody zwrotu. Przeprojektowanie łańcuchów dostaw w celu usprawnienia logistyki zwrotów, inwestowanie w nowe opakowania zwrotne do dystrybucji produktów online oraz stworzenie przyjaznych dla klienta i efektywnych kosztowo procesów zwrotów może przynieść następujące korzyści: mniej odpadów, zmniejszenie śladu węglowego, promowanie gospodarki obiegu zamkniętego, optymalizację kosztów.

7

Designing a Tri-Objective, Sustainable, Closed-Loop, and Multi-Echelon Supply Chain During the COVID-19 and Lockdowns

Abbasi Sina, Daneshmand-Mehr Maryam, Kanafi Armin Ghane

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 48, No. 3

269--312

EN

This paper proposes a mathematical model of Sustainable Closed-Loop Supply Chain Networks (SCLSCNs). When an outbreak occurs, environmental, economic, and social aspects can be traded off. A novelty aspect of this paper is its emphasis on hygiene costs. As well as healthcare education, prevention, and control of COVID-19, this model offers job opportunities related to COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 damages lead to lost days each year, which is one of the negative social aspects of this model. COVID-19 was associated with two environmental novelties in this study. positive and negative effects of COVID-19 can be observed in the environmental context. As a result, there has been an increase in medical waste disposal and plastic waste disposal. Multi-objective mathematical modeling whit Weighted Tchebycheff method scalarization. In this process, the software Lingo is used. The COVID-19 pandemic still has a lot of research gaps because it’s a new disease. An SC model that is sustainable and hygienic will be developed to fill this gap in the COVID-19 condition disaster. Our new indicator of sustainability is demonstrated using a mixed-integer programming model with COVID-19-related issues in a Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) overview.

8

Correlation Between Key Parameters of Wood Biomass Reverse Supply Chains and Their Impact on Total Biomass Acquisition Levels

Dubisz Damian, Kawa Arkadiusz

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2023

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Vol. 66, nr 211

Art. no. 1644-3985.449.06

EN

Effectiveness is the prism through which supply chains are defined. Different management methods can be used to measure supply chain effectiveness, such as life cycle assessment or sustainable supply chain management. In order to properly model and manage reverse supply chains for wood biomass, the structure of the supply chains was examined. For this purpose, a correlation analysis of the basic parameters of wood biomass reverse supply chains was carried out. After their identification, the level of mutual correlation was verified using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The coefficient of determination r2 was also verified for the two parameters with the highest degree of interaction - the sales of wood chips and the purchase of wood biomass. To improve the verification, scatter plots were made to further confirm the degree of interaction. As a result of the analysis of the parameter interdependencies and a discussion of the results of other international studies, the parameters were found to be applicable in modelling effective reverse supply chains of wood biomass.

9

Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles in the Logistics Supply Chain – Overview

Zając Paweł, Ejdys Stanisław, Dzik Renata

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2022

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Tom 24

439--456

EN

A great deal of packaging made of PET is observed in logistics supply chains, and the article is mainly concerned with food – bottles. Implementing the EU’s “zero-waste” guidelines implies action on the part of producers of packaging and food for B2C distribution to find new solutions to enable the above-mentioned stakeholders in the logistics supply chain to balance the business mentioned above parties – taking into account environmental protection. The article discusses the tasks and possibilities under the above conditions of a new type of “RECYCLER” companies, which, at the end of the life of PET packaging, i.e. after the foodstuffs in PET bottles have been consumed, produce a recyclate and return it to reproduction. In several journals, including, e.g. (Połednik et al. 2016, Topiarzová et al. 2011), respecting good recycling practices – there is an ongoing discussion on the sense of introducing reusable packaging, deposits, etc. This article discusses the barriers to recovery in a multi-level plastics recovery system, with specific reference to the operation of a PET bottle recycling line, and presents a pre-verified concept for a method to increase the efficiency of separating PET bottles from the plastics fraction in a multi-level waste separation system.

10

Influence of reverse logistics on competitiveness, economic performance, ecological environment and society

Ivanova Tetiana, Rogaczewski Robert, Lutsenko Iryna

LogForum

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2022

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Vol. 18, no. 1

49--58

EN

Background: Today, companies operate in an environment that is significantly affected by the forces of transformational changes, which create problems for logistics. Reverse logistics is a relatively new topic for businesses. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the relationship between reverse logistics and competitiveness, economic performance, the environment, and society. Methods: The research methodology includes general scientific and special methods, such as synthesis and analysis, logical generalization, correlation and regression analysis. The hypotheses were empirically tested using sample data from 37 countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The analysis period ranged from 2000 to 2019, which corresponds to an unbalanced group of 591 observations. Results: Eight different models were developed to analyse the proposed hypotheses. It was confirmed that reverse logistics has a positive effect on competitiveness, economic performance, environmental performance and society. Conclusions: Therefore, companies should pay attention to reverse logistics, as it will promote their development and benefit during their activities. The aspects highlighted in the article will help to understand the development and scientific substantiation of logistics management measures. The conclusions of this document can serve as a guide for leadership and management.

11

Optimizing the interaction between two closed-loop supply chains based on inverse logistics using the game theory method

Trung Nguyen Dinh, Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc, Chetthamrongchai Paitoon, Mohsen Karrar Shareef, Iskandar Ahmad Syarief, Nurjaya A., Sunarsi Denok, Singh Krishanveer, Chupradit Supat

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 47, No. 4

455--467

EN

Over the past few years, attention to environmental problems, legal necessities, and economic advantages emerging from reproduction activities has attracted attention to reverse logistics activities in the form of a closed-loop supply chain, whether in industry or scientific research. The current study aims to model competitiveness and comparison between two closed-loop three-level supply chains, each of which includes a manufacturer, a retailer, and a third party to collect the products used by the customer, taking into account the concepts of game theory and the existence of aggregates. Moreover, a separate supplier for each chain is considered. In the forward supply chain, the manufacturer produces new products using new components or re-used products that have been collected from the consumer, then sells these products mainly to the retailer, and the retailer sells them. In the reverse chain, the collector provides the used products to the manufacturer after collection. The study utilized the definitions and concepts of game theory to model this closed loop chain as a Stackelberg game to obtain the optimal value of wholesale and retail price and the optimal value of the product return coefficient for the collector. Finally, the models based on some numerical examples are solved. Given the results, the remanufacturing costs have a significant role in making more profits for all members in such chains, and competitive chains should attempt to remanufacture the products at lower costs.

12

Design a Multi Period Closed-Loop Supply Chain Program to Supply Recycled Products

Syah Rahmad, Chetthamrongchai Paitoon, Thuc Dao Chanh, Yuminarti Umi, Murtini Sri, Iswanto A. Heri, Vasilieva Nadezhda Konstantinovna, Kireeva Natalia, Aravindhan Surendar

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 47, No. 2

163--176

EN

Over the course of the last decades, closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) and reverse logistics issues have attracted increasing attention owing to strict environmental laws, social responsibilities, economic interests, and customer awareness. Hence, the issue of closed-loop supply chain and reverse logistics has emerged as a field of research in the new era. This issue has received much attention because it allows recyclable products to return to their original cycle. Therefore, this study primarily intends to present a mathematical model for designing a supply chain network for recycled products. The multi-stage and multi-period objective function of the closed-loop supply chain is presented to meet that aim. In this chain, dismantling, recycling, and disposal centers are considered. The objective function is to reduce the total cost of the closed-loop supply chain. The results of optimizing the mathematical model demonstrate that this model has the necessary efficiency for use in recycled products.

13

The level of reverse logistics implementation in terms of waste management in Polish voivodships according to a multivariate comparative analysis

Zielińska Anetta

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2021

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nr 4

98--111

EN

In practice, reverse logistics in Poland refers to a narrow approach within the framework of the waste management problem. The voivodships have been obliged to implement reverse logistics processes more effectively through waste management. The article aims to diagnose the implementation level of waste management processes (part of reverse logistics) in Polish voivodships. The research used a multivariate comparative analysis that ranks voivodships according to waste management indicators. The research will result in preparing the ranking of voivodships listing the leaders and those unsuccessful in the implementation of waste management. Based on the research, Śląskie and Podlaskie voivodships were selected as the ones presenting the highest level of waste management implementation, whereas the lowest level was recorded for Lubuskie voivodship.

PL

W praktyce logistyka zwrotna w Polsce, odnosi się do wąskiego podejścia poprzez zagadnienie gospodarowania odpadami. Województwa, zostały zobligowane do efektywniejszej realizacji procesów logistyki zwrotnej, jakim jest gospodarowanie odpadami. Celem artykułu jest zdiagnozowanie poziomu wdrażania procesów gospodarowania odpadami (część logistyki zwrotnej) w województwach Polski. W badaniach wykorzystano wielowymiarową analizę porównawczą, która porządkuje województwa według wskaźników gospodarowania odpadami.

14

Reverse logistics as a trend of XXI century – state of art

Kosacka-Olejnik Monika, Werner-Lewandowska Karolina

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2020

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nr 1 (28)

9--14

EN

On the basis of legal, environmental, social, and economic factors, reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chain issues have attracted attention among both academia and practitioners. A growing number of publications is an expression of reverse logistics trend in the literature which has been lasted for around 40 years. Hence, a comprehensive literature review of recent and state-of-the-art papers is vessential to draw a framework of the past, and to support researchers in their works by indicating journals or adequate references. The aim of this paper was to prepare appropriate literature review procedure and following it to review all papers whose main topis was reverse logistics. The papers were analyzed and categorized to construct a useful foundation of past research with respect to the scale of number of research on reverse logistics, considering stages of reverse logistics development, targeted journals, main research centres and leading countries. Moreover there were reccommended the most valuable papers as references.

15

Use of reverse logistics for the reduction of chemical risks of metal-working fluids in industry

Fidlerová Helena, Popławski Łukasz

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2019

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T. 98, nr 12

1917--1922

EN

Potential chem. risks related to the industrial application of metal-working fluids were assessed. The complex definemeasure- analyze-improve-control approach and cause-effect connection were used for total fluid management within reverse logistics. The fluids contained substances that improved lubrication and cooling performance (petroleum, hydrotreated heavy paraffin, sulfonic acids and their Na salts, mineral oil, and pyridine 2-thiol-1-oxide Na salt) with acute and chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms and health risk for human. Emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, foaming inhibitors and biocides were also included. They prevented any possible quality deterioration due to biocontamination.

PL

Oceniono potencjalne ryzyka chemiczne związane ze stosowaniem cieczy do obróbki metali MWF (metal-working fluids) w przemyśle. Do całkowitego zarządzania tymi cieczami w logistyce zwrotnej wykorzystano złożone podejście DMAIC (define-measure-analyze-improve-control) oraz wykres przyczynowo-skutkowy CD (cause and effect diagram). Ciecze MWF obejmowały substancje poprawiające wydajność smarowania i chłodzenia. Uwzględniono również emulgatory, inhibitory korozji, dodatki smarne typu EP, inhibitory pienienia i biocydy. Zapobiegały one ewentualnemu pogorszeniu jakości, do którego mogłoby dojść w wyniku zanieczyszczenia biologicznego. Oszacowano, że roczne zużycie MWF przekracza 2 mln m3, podczas gdy ilość odpadów może być 10-krotnie większa. Należy jednak brać pod uwagę również stosowane w przemyśle MWF zawierające ropę naftową, ciężką uwodornioną parafinę, kwasy sulfonowe i ich sole sodowe, olej mineralny oraz sól sodową 1-tlenku pirydyno-2-tiolu jako substancje chemiczne wykazujące ostrą i przewlekłą toksyczność dla organizmów wodnych oraz stanowiące zagrożenie dla zdrowia ludzi. Ciecze MWF poddano intensywnej kontroli regulacyjnej, zgodnie ze standardami Komitetu Doradczego ds. Standardów Cieczy do Obróbki Metali (MWFSAC) i sporządzonego przez niego sprawozdania końcowego z 1999 r. W sprawozdaniu tym MWFSAC zaleca ograniczenie wykorzystywania tych cieczy w miejscu pracy do ilości nieprzekraczającej 0,5 mg/m3.

16

Negotiations in the closed-loop aluminium supply chain

Krzywda Joanna

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2019

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Vol. 19, No. 2

250--261

EN

In this study, an attempt has been made to characterize the conditions and the way of conducting negotiations in the closed loop of aluminium waste supply chain. This study focuses on the negotiations on this type of waste between the waste producer (aluminium producer) and the buyer (recycler) and it differs from the negotiations conducted in traditional logistic channels. The motive for the research was to establish that this type of negotiation had not yet been described in the literature on the subject. The research consisted in the analysis of documentation from 69 negotiated deliveries of aluminium dross from various EU countries to a Polish company dealing in its processing and the analysis of conducted structured interviews with representatives of 14 companies selling or buying aluminium dross from various EU countries. The investigation confirmed the research hypothesis that negotiators in a closed-loop supply chain apply intensified strategies to build the trust of the other party in the conducted negotiations and that closed loops are mainly price-based negotiations based on classical purchasing behaviour.

PL

W niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto próbę scharakteryzowania warunków oraz sposobu prowadzenia negocjacji w zamkniętej pętli łańcucha dostaw zgarów aluminiowych. U podstaw rozważań leży teza, że negocjacje dotyczące tego typu odpadów na linii wytwórca odpadów (producent aluminium) - odbiorca (recykler), różnią się od negocjacji prowadzonych w tradycyjnych kanałach logistycznych. Motywem podjęcia badań było ustalenie, że ten typ negocjacji nie został jeszcze opisany w literaturze przedmiotu. Badanie polegało na analizie dokumentacji z 69 negocjowanych dostaw zgarów aluminiowych z różnych krajów UE do polskiego przedsiębiorstwa zajmującego się ich przerobem oraz analizie przeprowadzonych wywiadów ustrukturyzowanych z przedstawicielami 14 przedsiębiorstw sprzedających bądź kupujących zgary aluminiowe z różnych krajów UE. Badanie potwierdziło postawione hipotezy badawcze, zgodnie z którymi negocjatorzy w zamkniętych pętlach łańcucha dostaw stosują wzmożone strategie zmierzające do zbudowania zaufania drugiej strony oraz że w pętlach zamkniętych prowadzi się głównie negocjacje oparte na cenie, bazujące na klasycznych zachowania zakupowych.

17

Defective products management with reverse logistics processes in the furniture production companies

Starostka-Patyk Marta

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2019

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Vol. 20, No. 2

502--515

EN

The paper’s aim is to present the specificity of defective products management in production companies in the furniture industry with the usage of reverse logistics processes. The goal of the article is to highlight the growing importance of development and necessity of introduction the defective products management into production companies’ strategy and implementation of the reverse logistics processes in this regard into their practice. The theoretical part introduces the defective products management. It defines the defective products in manufacturing enterprises and presents the methods of their management when occurred. Also, the reverse logistics concept is presented, as its processes state the solution in this regard. The research part is based on the research survey made in 2019 year in the form of a questionnaire. It was addressed to the Polish manufacturing companies in sectors with high potential for the creation of defective products, however for the purpose of this paper only a part covering the furniture industry respondents was chosen. The research sample has been determined based on representative method and calculated as a representative sample, so that the results of the study reflect the situation of all Polish furniture production companies. The research part also covers the development and verification of model of defective products management with reverse logistics processes in production companies. The conclusion highlights the importance of reverse logistics processes as the support for the defective products management.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie specyfiki zarządzania produktami niepełnowartościowymi w firmach produkcyjnych z branży meblarskiej z wykorzystaniem procesów logistki zwrotnej. Jest nim również podkreślenie rosnącego znaczenia rozwoju i konieczności wprowadzania zarządzania produktami niepełnowartościowymi do strategii firm produkcyjnych i wdrażania procesów logistyki zwrotnej w tym zakresie do ich praktyki gospodarczej. Część teoretyczna przedstawia zarządzanie produktami niepełnowartościowymi. Definiuje je w przedsiębiorstwach produkcyjnych i przedstawia metody zarządzania nimi. Przedstawiono tu także koncepcję logistyki zwrotnej, ponieważ jej procesy stanowią istotne rozwiązanie w tym zakresie. Część badawcza oparta jest na analizie efektów badania ankietowego przeprowadzonego w 2019 roku. Badanie to było adresowane do polskich firm produkcyjnych operujących w sektorach o wysokim potencjale powstawania produktów niepełnowartościowych, jednak na potrzeby tego artykułu wybrano tylko część obejmującą respondentów z branży meblarskiej. Próba badawcza została ustalona na podstawie metody reprezentatywnej i obliczona jako próba reprezentatywna, tak aby wyniki badania odzwierciedlały sytuację wszystkich polskich firm produkujących meble. Część badawcza obejmuje również weryfikację modelu zarządzania produktami niepełnowartościowymi z wykorzystaniem procesów logistyki zwrotnej w firmach produkcyjnych. W konkluzji podkreślono znaczenie procesów logistyki zwrotnej jako wsparcia dla zarządzania produktami niepełnowartościowymi.

18

Impacts of collaboration networks, operational performance and reverse logistics determinants on the performance outcomes of the auto parts industry

Phoosawad Phasit, Fongsuwan Wanno, Chamsuk Wawmayura, Takala Josu

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2019

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Vol. 10, No. 3

61--72

EN

The objectives of this study were to develop a framework of the collaboration network, operational performance, and reverse logistics determinants on the performance outcomes of the auto parts industry, and to study the direct, indirect, and overall eﬀects of the factors that inﬂuence the performance outcomes of the auto parts industry. This quantitative research utilized a questionnaire as the tool for data collection, which was completed by the managers in the auto parts industry from 320 companies. According to the analysis with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), it was found that the collaboration networks, operational performance, and reverse logistics positively aﬀect the performance outcomes; whereas, the collaboration networks mainly aﬀect the development of organizations by causing performance outcomes to continue growing unceasingly, including the enhancement of sustainable competitive capacity and the operational results of the auto parts industry.

19

Logistyka zwrotna jako instrument przewagi konkurencyjnej przedsiębiorstwa

Nowicka D., Poźniak J., Sikora M., Stańko P.

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

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2018

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Vol. 7, iss. 2

89--99

PL

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę logistyki zwrotnej jako instrumentu przewagi konkurencyjności w przedsiębiorstwach. Przedstawiono w nim czym zajmuje się logistyka zwrotów oraz jaki ma ona wpływ w poszczególnych gałęziach w przedsiębiorstwie. Omawiane są także elementy logistyki zwrotnej tworzące przewagę konkurencyjną. Przeanalizowano również temat efektywności ekonomicznej i ekologicznej logistyki zwrotnej w przedsiębiorstwie przy użyciu wskaźników pomiaru dla działań zwiększających efektywność surowcową dzięki logistyce odzysku.

EN

The article deals with the problem of reverse logistics as an instrument of competitive advantage in enterprises. It presents what logistics deals with and what impact it has in particular branches in the enterprise. The elements of reverse logistics that create a competitive advantage are also discussed. The subject of economic efficiency and ecological return logistics in the enterprise was also analyzed using measurement indicators for measures increasing resource efficiency thanks to recovery logistics.

20

Designing reverse logistics network in an omnichannel environment in Asia

Angel A., Tan A.

LogForum

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2018

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Vol. 14, no. 4

519--533

EN

Background: Omni-channel retailers have been growing globally to connect with customers anywhere and thus blurring the line between online web store and the physical store to deliver a seamless customer experience. The complexities of reverse logistics in Omni-channel firms due to multiple product return options would require these firms to integrate their reverse logistics network in order to reduce the complexities. This forms the basis of this research and two Omni-channel companies’ in Asia are examined in this research. A four-staged framework for the reverse logistics management is being proposed and further developed through these real-life case studies. Methods: We conduct interviews with the staffs from two Omni-channel retailers with operations in Asia to verify their return policies and collect additional information from their websites and customers. We focused on reverse logistics, network design, Omni-channel and the interface between them. We identify a few key factors that influence decision in network design. From there, we propose a conceptual framework and applying it to the Omni-channel retailers to determine, if it is suitable and beneficial to the Omni-channel environment. Results: From the two company findings, it was understood from both of the cases that speed and efficiency is not only essential from the operations point of view, but also the total customer experience from the Omni-channel engagement. Another observation is that a company that makes their own products tend to centralize their reverse logistics operations for economics of scale, while those that rely on suppliers tend to decentralize their reverse logistics operations to leverage on their supplier’s distribution network so as to keep costs low. Conclusions: In this research, we have illustrated how our conceptual framework can be used in Omni-channel companies and how it could help companies design a more responsive and efficient reverse logistics network.

PL

Wstęp: W ostatnim czasie następuje istotny przyrost ilość firm sprzedażowych oferujących swoje towary poprzez wiele kanałów sprzedaży w celu lepszego dotarcia do klienta, zacierając przez to podziała pomiędzy sklepem on-line a tradycyjnym sklepem istniejącym fizycznie. Złożoność logistyki zwrotnej firm wielokanałowych związanej w wielością opcji zwrotu towaru wymaga od firm integracji logistyki zwrotnej w celu redukcji tej złożoności. W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki analizy na podstawie dwóch wielokanałowych firm, działających na terenie Azji. Zaproponowano czterostopniowy schemat zarządzania logistyką zwrotną. Metody: Przeprowadzono wywiady z zatrudnionymi w dwóch wielokanałowych firmach sprzedażowych, działających na terenie Azji w celu oceny ich polityki dotyczącej zwrotów oraz zebrano dodatkowe informacji na temat tych firm z dostępnych stron internetowych oraz od ich klientów. Głównymi elementami poddanymi ocenie była logistyka zwrotów, projekt sieci, kanałów oraz relacje między nimi. Zidentyfikowano kluczowe czynniki wpływające na kształt zaprojektowanej sieci. Na podstawie zebranych danych stworzono koncepcję, którą przedstawiono wielokanałowym firmom sprzedażowym w celu oceny jej przydatności. Wyniki: Na podstawie danych uzyskanych z analizowanych firm stwierdzono, że kluczowym jest szybkość i efektywność zarówno z punktu widzenia dokonywanych operacji jak i wobec oczekiwań klientów. U firmy oferującej produkty własne zaobserwowano tendencję do centralizacji logistyki zwrotów w celu uzyskania ekonomii skali. Natomiast u firmy, opierającej się na dostawcach zaobserwowano tendencję do decentralizacji operacji logistyki zwrotnej poprzez wykorzystanie sieci logistycznej dostawców i dzięki temu na obniżeniu kosztów całkowitych. Wnioski: W pracy zaprezentowano i zilustrowano koncepcję, mogącą mieć zastosowanie dla wielokanałowych firm, wspomagające je w zaprojektowaniu bardziej efektywnej sieci logistyki zwrotnej.