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  1. 52 Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series
  2. 52 Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
  3. 43 Przegląd Komunalny
  4. 21 Logistyka
  5. 19 Housing Environment
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  1. 14 Stasik Dariusz
  2. 9 Krawczyk B.
  3. 5 Ciupa S.
  4. 5 Kauf Sabina
  5. 5 Sojda Adam
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  1. 7 2026
  2. 24 2025
  3. 13 2024
  4. 24 2023
  5. 22 2022
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1
Content available Smart city innovation and interoperable governance: implications for fire safety management
Derlukiewicz Niki, Mańkowska Dominika, Szałata Łukasz, Hlaváček Petr
Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
|
2026
|
Nr 98 (tom 1)
7--22
EN
This article examines the implications of smart city innovation and interoperable governance for contemporary fire safety management in European urban contexts. Rather than adopting a purely technology-driven lens, the study investigates the extent to which digital fire safety solutions are embedded within broader institutional coordination mechanisms, regulatory settings, and crosssector governance arrangements. Employing a comparative multiple-case study approach, it analyses four prominent smart cities – Amsterdam, Barcelona, Copenhagen, and Helsinki – with particular attention to the integration of IoT-based sensing, predictive analytics and digital twins into emergency response operations. The findings indicate that effective fire safety innovation depends not only on technological sophistication but also on the presence of interoperable organisational structures, shared operational platforms and institutional capacity to sustain implementation beyond pilot projects. Cities demonstrating strong inter-agency coordination and embedded governance frameworks achieve measurable improvements in early detection, incident response and infrastructure resilience. The study identifies persistent barriers to scalability and policy transfer, including fragmented institutional silos, regulatory uncertainty, financial dependence on proprietary systems and contextual differences across governance cultures. The article contributes to ongoing debates on smart urban resilience by clarifying the governance conditions under which digital fire safety systems can be institutionalised, scaled, and meaningfully adapted across diverse urban environments
2
Content available Optimizing parking operations using smart city solutions
Dobrzański Paweł
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
|
2026
|
z. 243
157--172
EN
Purpose: The aim of the research was to compare the functioning of paid parking systems in two cities - Rzeszów and Kosice - and to identify their optimization potential. Design/methodology/approach: The research results presented in this paper were obtained through the use of benchmarking methods, document analysis, and expert interviews. The comparative analysis allowed for the compilation of data on paid parking systems in the analyzed cities. The analysis of city documents allowed for a review of mobility strategies and city reports. Expert interviews were conducted with city hall employees in Rzeszów and Kosice responsible for the operation of the paid parking system to obtain information on the principles of operation, organizational structure and planned directions of development of the system. Findings: In the context of the cities being compared, analyzing optimization opportunities allows us to assess which solutions are most effective in a given urban environment and how they can be adapted to other cities. Conclusions from such a comparison can form the basis for formulating recommendations for effective parking space management and the development of intelligent mobility systems. Research limitations/implications: The research conducted is based on secondary data from official city sources, reports, and resolutions. It doesn’t include empirical verification of user opinions. Practical implications: The research results can serve as diagnostic and advisory material for local decision-makers when designing urban mobility policies. Social implications: In the broader perspective, paid parking systems that help reduce the number of cars in city centers can contribute to improving residents' quality of life by reducing traffic congestion, noise, and air pollution. They therefore play a significant role in achieving sustainable development goals and promoting more conscious travel behaviors in urban society. Originality/value: This work presents a comparison of similar mid-sized cities, allowing for a focus on technological and organizational factors while eliminating the influence of social and economic differences. Another original element of the work is an attempt to identify optimization potential in the context of different countries, which may be useful for city decision-makers planning modernization or introducing new parking solutions based on international experience. This ensures that the research results have practical and cognitive value, offering implications for both science and urban mobility management practice in various countries.
3
Content available Maturity models in smart city development management - a systematic literature review
Boichuk Nataliia, Pisz Iwona, Wyrwich-Płotka Sabina, Kauf Sabina, Bruska Anna
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
|
2026
|
z. 242
35--64
EN
Purpose: The subject of smart city development in the face of increasing challenges related to digitalization, as well as social, economic, and environmental pressures, remains highly topical. The aim of this article is to provide a systematic review and synthesis of the literature on maturity models in the context of managing smart city development. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, ensuring the rigor, transparency, and reproducibility of the research process. An analysis of 33 smart city maturity models was performed based on criteria such as the conceptualization of the smart city notion, the number of maturity levels, the domains of intelligent solution implementation, and the practical application of the models for assessing city maturity. Findings: The systematic literature review indicates that the evolution of smart city maturity models reflects a paradigm shift from a technologically oriented perception of the smart city as a set of ICT-based solutions towards an integrated, systemic approach in which governance, data, participation, and resilience constitute mutually interlinked pillars. Research limitations/implications: The literature review covers publications in English, which may limit access to information on national or local maturity models developed for specific countries or communities. Practical implications: Urban stakeholders - taking into account city size, historical and cultural background, and their own development objectives - may apply the most appropriate model identified in the review to suit their specific needs, as well as conduct comparative analyses with selected cities for which maturity assessments have already been performed. Originality/value: The study provides a comprehensive and the most extensive literature review published to date on existing smart city maturity models, including an indication of their practical application.
4
Content available IoT-based fuzzy logic system for real-time flooded road detection and decision support
Hidayati Qory, Sulistyo Totok, Akbar Syaeful, Saryono Muhammad Luthfie
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
|
2026
|
Vol. 72, No. 2
s. art. no. 41, s. 1--8
EN
Flooding remains a critical challenge in urban environments, often disrupting transportation systems and endangering drivers who must decide whether to cross inundated roads without precise knowledge of water depth. Existing IoT-based flood monitoring systems primarily emphasize data acquisition and remote alerts but rarely support localized, real-time decision-making for road safety. This study proposes an IoT-based flood detection and decision-support system that integrates Sugeno-type fuzzy logic inference directly into distributed edge nodes to evaluate flooded road conditions in real time. The system employs multiple JSN-SR04T ultrasonic sensors and WeMos D1 microcontrollers interconnected via a wireless network to measure water levels across multiple road segments. Each node autonomously processes sensor inputs to classify road conditions into three categories—Safe, Caution, and Not Safe—and displays results locally via OLED SSD1306 and RYG (Red-Yellow-Green) LED indicators. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves an average sensor error of 2.2 cm compared to calibrated measurements and maintains wireless communication stability up to 25 meters with an average system response time of 1.19 seconds. Furthermore, the fuzzy inference outputs from the embedded system closely matched MATLAB-based simulations, validating computational consistency and inference reliability. The integration of edge-level fuzzy decision-making within distributed IoT nodes represents a key innovation, enabling autonomous flood assessment with minimal latency. This study contributes a low-cost, scalable, and intelligent framework for enhancing road safety and smart city flood resilience, particularly in developing urban regions prone to recurrent inundation.
5
Symulacyjne badania algorytmów uczenia maszynowego w sterowaniu ruchem drogowym
Kleczyński Daniel, Drzał Jakub, Pawłowicz Bartosz
Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
|
2026
|
Vol. 67, Nr 5
40--44
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki symulacyjnych badań algorytmów uczenia maszynowego stosowanych w zagadnieniach sterowania ruchem drogowym. Symulacje przeprowadzono w środowisku SUMO, a wyniki zaprezentowano poprzez zestawienie działania algorytmu uczenia maszynowego z klasycznymi metodami sterowania ruchem. Przedstawione wyniki wpisują się w dotychczasowe prace zespołu, w ramach których opracowano i uruchomiono fizyczną makietę sterowania ruchem, opisaną we wcześniejszych publikacjach. W końcowej części artykułu wskazano możliwe kierunki dalszych badań związanych z wykorzystaniem makiety oraz integracją rozwiązań z systemami inteligentnego miasta.
EN
The article presents the results of simulation studies of machine learning algorithms used in traffic control issues. The simulations were carried out in the SUMO environment, and the results were presented by comparing the operation of the machine learning algorithm with classical traffic control methods. The presented results are part of the team’s previous work, which involved the development and launch of a physical traffic control model, described in earlier publications. The final part of the article indicates possible directions for further research related to the use of the model and the integration of solutions with Smart City systems.
6
Content available The role of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans in the EU mission “Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities by 2030” – the case of Stockholm
Skulimowski Maciej
Builder
|
2026
|
R.30, nr 3
2--5
EN
The study analysed Stockholm’s Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) in the context of its role in implementing the EU mission “Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities by 2030”. The aim was to assess the strategy’s alignment with European guidelines and evaluate the extent to which it supports the mission’s objectives. The findings highlight the high quality of Stockholm’s strategy and its significant contribution to achieving the mission’s goals.
PL
W badaniu przeanalizowano Plan Zrównoważonej Mobilności Miejskiej (SUMP) Sztokholmu w kontekście jego roli w realizacji misji UE „Neutralne dla klimatu i inteligentne miasta do 2030 roku”. Celem było ocenienie zgodności strategii z europejskimi wytycznymi oraz określenie, w jakim stopniu SUMP wspiera realizację celów misji. Wnioski wskazują na wysoką jakość sztokholmskiego dokumentu oraz jego istotny wkład w osiąganie założeń misji.
7
Content available Assessing the potential for transformation into smart cities: Fallujah, Iraq as a case study
Hussain Sarah Silan, Al-Janabil Israa Mohsin Kadhim, al-Mammori Zahraa Ahmed, Alaaraji Fatin H., AL-Shimmery Beshaer M.
Budownictwo i Architektura
|
2026
|
Vol. 25, no. 2
art. no 26035
EN
With the trends of digital transformation and sustainability on a global level, the smart city model is a modern method to reduce environmental impacts and improve the efficiency of urban resource management. While the literature on smart cities is extensive, no research gap addresses the contemporary readiness of Iraqi cities, such as Fallujah, to evolve into fully integrated smart cities, parallel with the required infrastructure. Also, we find that there is a shortage of studies using SWOT analysis on this transformation. Based on this gap, this study assumes the existence of a correlational relationship between urban design and smart city indicators for Fallujah. The current study aims to answer the following research question: How is Fallujah prepared for smart cities? How does urban development relate to smart city indicators in Fallujah? Which has the primary impact on the transformation into a smart city? SWOT analysis: What are the opportunities, challenges, strengths and weaknesses? Thus, the current study aims to evaluate Fallujah's potential as a smart city by studying its urban structure, examining the key drivers of this transformation and developing plans for sustainable urban development following a descriptive-analytic approach by using field and electronic questionnaires, with nominal measurement ranges and 30 items to cover a set of indicators and variables for smart cities. The same questionnaire was filled out by a sample of 90 experts who live in Fallujah. It was also employed to make a SWOT analysis that indicated the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities of smart city transformation for Fallujah as well. The findings indicate a statistically significant relationship between urban development and indicators of smart city (Asympto, Sig < 0.05). Infrastructure was recognised as the most impactful aspect of this transformation. Meanwhile, analysis of SWOT results showed the SO strategy was considered the best solution for harnessing existing strengths. Nonetheless, this study stresses that to accomplish such a transformation, one must meet challenges brought on by the decay of critical infrastructure from the damage that the city has sustained and thus calls for integrated reconstruction policies fulfilling sustainable urban development for Fallujah.
8
Content available The importance of the citizen’s budget in the development of sustainable urban mobility. Case study of the city of Szczecin
Drobiazgiewicz Joanna
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
|
2025
|
z. 226
173--184
EN
Purpose: This paper aims to fill a research gap in the area of identifying and determining the impact of civic participation through the citizen's budget on measures to foster sustainable urban mobility. Design/methodology/approach: Firstly, based on a literature review, the essence of sustainable mobility is presented and its main areas are identified. Then, on the basis of a case study of the city of Szczecin, through the analysis of available data on the functioning of the civic budget (SBO) from 2014 to 2025, the impact of the civic budget on shaping sustainable mobility in this city is shown. Findings: The research shows the importance of the participatory budget as a tool for the implementation of a sustainable urban mobility plan. The research shows that the number of adopted projects for investments supporting sustainable mobility represented an average of 32% of all adopted projects under the SBO in the different years 2014-2025 studied. Social implications: The article points out that, by participating in the civic budget process, citizens have the opportunity to propose and decide on the implementation of sustainable mobility projects. Such activities can affect the quality of life and safety of pedestrians, cyclists and other road users. The participation of citizens in shaping sustainable mobility strategies is important and allows for a better adaptation to their needs. Originality/value: These considerations point to the need to draw attention to the civic budget as a hitherto lesser-noticed tool for supporting the implementation of sustainable mobility, which is very important for local authorities as well as inhabitants themselves.
9
Content available Sport management in the context of the smart city concept
Ulfik Agnieszka
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
|
2025
|
z. 227
501--510
EN
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the integration of sport management within the smart city framework, focusing on how modern technologies—such as the Internet of Things (IoT), mobile applications, and data analytics—transform sports infrastructure, public engagement in physical activity, and urban planning strategies for sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach: This is a theoretical and conceptual study grounded in a comprehensive literature review. The article synthesizes interdisciplinary research in sport management, urban studies, and information and communication technologies (ICT), supported by case studies from Tokyo, Amsterdam, and Singapore. The approach highlights the convergence between digital innovation and sport governance in the context of smart urban ecosystems. Findings: The study finds that the implementation of smart technologies in sport management enhances infrastructure efficiency, increases community participation in physical activity, and supports sustainable urban development. It also reveals that data analytics, when integrated with sports systems, provide valuable insights for policy-making and operational optimization. However, challenges remain regarding data privacy, funding, and social acceptance. Practical implications: The paper provides guidance for urban planners, sport facility managers, and policymakers on how to implement smart technologies in sport settings to improve operational efficiency and community health. It also informs investment strategies and public-private partnership models for infrastructure innovation. Social implications: By promoting physical activity and digital inclusion, smart sport solutions contribute to improved public health outcomes, environmental sustainability, and greater social cohesion. These technologies can also shape more equitable access to urban sport facilities, aligning with broader social responsibility and quality-of-life goals. Originality/value: This article offers an original synthesis of sport management within the emerging field of smart city development. It bridges gaps between technology, public administration, and community health, providing a structured framework for understanding the multifaceted role of sport in intelligent urban systems. The paper is relevant to scholars, urban planners, sport professionals, and civic leaders.
10
Content available Smart cities, smart governance: the role of communication and social participation in building cities of the future
Smalec Agnieszka
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
|
2025
|
z. 227
355--365
EN
Purpose: The article aims to determine the role of communication and social participation in implementing the concept of smart governance in smart cities. The article considers how modern communication tools and citizen engagement strategies affect the efficiency of urban governance, sustainability and residents' trust in public institutions. Design/methodology/approach: This article is based on a review of secondary sources, including academic literature and reports, and case study analysis of selected cities implementing smart governance principles. The research approach is qualitative and interpretative, focused on identifying good practices, main barriers and success factors Finding: It can be seen that cities that integrate digital communication tools with openness and co-decision policies achieve a higher level of resident engagement and greater managerial efficiency. An important factor of success is not only technology, but also the organizational culture of local governments, the ability to dialogue and include groups at risk of digital exclusion. Social participation strengthens trust in the authorities and contributes to the greater durability of urban projects. Projects that are based on data improve the quality of life. Some challenges were also indicated, including the risk of digital exclusion of certain social groups or a lack of proper communication. Research limitations/implications: The article is based on a limited number of examples and secondary literature. The results are not representative, but allow for drawing conclusions at the exploratory level. Future research could include comparative and quantitative analyses, taking into account the perception of residents and the effectiveness of specific e-participation tools. Practical implications: The results of the study can support data-based management in cities, broad communication and cooperation with residents. The article can be particularly useful for local governments. Social implications: Communication and social participation have the potential to increase social capital, counteract digital exclusion and improve the quality of life of residents. This can contribute to building more just and sustainable urban communities. Originality/value: The article emphasizes the current perspective on the issue of smart governance and smart cities, integrating the theoretical approach with practical observations from selected cities. It is mainly addressed to academic circles and local government administration.
11
Content available Cultural determinants of city management based on the analysis of global city ranking – the IESE Cities Motion Index
Radziszewska Aleksandra
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
|
2025
|
z. 220
207--219
EN
Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationships between the culture dimensions defined by Hofstede and the adoption of smart city solutions based on a city’s position in the global smart cities ranking (the IESE Cities in Motion Index 2024). Design/methodology/approach: Multiple regressions were used to identify the relationship between the independent variables (value of culture dimensions defined by Hofstede: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation) and the dependent variable-value of the IESE Cities in Motion Index 2024. The IESE Cities in Motion Index was chosen for its temporal and thematic relevance, as it reflects the current results of several indicators that are priority indicators of the technological and social development of the city. Smart cities were selected based on their rankings in the IESE Cities in Motion Index 2024. Forty-four cities with the highest ranking (high-H and relatively high-RH) were included in the analysis. Findings: This study has shown that higher values of long-term orientation and individualism and a low level of uncertainty avoidance have a positive impact on the adoption of smart city solutions. On the other hand, the proposed relationship between power distance and adoption of smart city solutions as well as masculinity and adoption of smart city solutions was not confirmed and requires further research. The proposed relationships between some national culture dimensions and the adoption of smart city solutions hold true for cities considered in the IESE Cities in Motion Index 2024. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation is a relatively low number of cities taken into analysis. Another limitation is the lack of a comprehensive and complete measure that would take into account all of the various phases of the smart city management process. Regardless of these limitations, the study has achieved a part of its main research goal in proving that the proposed relationships between some national culture dimensions and the adoption of smart city solutions hold true for cities considered in the IESE Cities in Motion Index 2024. On the other hand, the study has also opened some new questions regarding the relationship between masculinity and power distance and their influence on the adoption of smart city solutions that require further research. Originality/value: The literature does not pay much attention to the cultural determinants of smart city management in the form of organisational and managerial solutions during the transition from a classic city to a smart city; therefore, the paper tries to explore the role of cultural factors in city management and urban development. The motivation for this study is to identify the relationship between Hofstede culture dimensions and the level of smart city solutions adaptation and their influence on a city’s position in the global smart cities ranking.
12
Content available Citizens’ engagement in a social value co-creation within a smart city – an empirical study
Misiak-Kwit Sandra
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
|
2025
|
z. 220
21--35
EN
University of Szczecin, Management Institute; sandra.misiak-kwit@usz.edu.pl, ORCID: 0000-0002-0621-7097 Purpose: This paper aims to present citizens’ opinion on the severity of existing social problems such as exclusion of individuals with disabilities, poverty or discrimination. Further, the relationship between citizens’ engagement in solving social problems and their demographic factors such as gender, age and level of education is examined. Engagement was defined as the experience of solving local social problems and the willingness to be involved in solving them in the future. Design/methodology/approach: The pilot survey was carried out in 2021 using the CATI, CAWI interview method on a random sample of 420 citizens in the West Pomeranian region in the Republic of Poland. The Chi-square test for independence was conducted. Findings: A Chi-square test of independence showed that there was no significant association between gender, level of education, marital status and experience in solving social problems. However, x2 showed that there was a significant association between generation and experience in solving social problems. A Chi-square test of independence showed that there was no significant association between, gender, level of education, marital status, generation, and willingness to involve in solving social problems. Research limitations/implications: The pilot study has several limitations. First, the study’s regional focus limits the generalizability of its conclusions. Secondly, the small sample size constrains the statistical power and robustness of the results. Future research should consider a comparative approach across multiple regions, enabling the examination of how local contexts influence perceptions and involvement in social problem-solving. Practical implications: Presented research results can lead to making sustainable decisions by policy-makers interested in social value co-creation with citizens in order to build a smart city for current and future generations. Social implications: This paper indicates which social problems are considered as most severe by citizens and in solution of which they want to engage. Originality/value: The added value of the paper is gained knowledge on citizen’s commitment to social value co-creation.
13
Content available Association between gender and opinion about smart city
Misiak-Kwit Sandra, Fernando K. Shihan D., Mierzejewska Anna, Wiścicka-Fernando Małgorzata
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
|
2025
|
z. 220
7--19
EN
Purpose: The paper aims to provide new insights into the opinions of women and men about selected smart city areas. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted using CATI and CAWI methods, involving respondents from two Polish cities — Szczecin and Koszalin. The survey assessed participants' opinions of various aspects of smart cities through the analysis of four chosen areas. The analysis is based on quantitative data, where Chi-square test for independence was utilised. Findings: In Szczecin, the first hypothesis yielded significant relationships, indicating that the opinions of specific smart city areas are indeed influenced by residents' gender. In contrast, the data from Koszalin revealed two significant relationships, indicating that opinions may be more susceptible to gender-based variations. Research limitations/implications: A limitation of the study is that it is based solely on respondents from two cities, which may restrict its generalizability to other regions. The study is a pilot study. Future research could consider diverse locations, additional demographic factors, and an in-depth analysis of the relationship between gender and subjective opinions on various areas of smart cities. Practical implications: The findings of the study may be utilized by city managers in designing urban spaces that more effectively meet the diverse needs of women and men. Such an approach can contribute to increased acceptance of initiatives and greater resident satisfaction. Social implications: Incorporating a gender perspective into urban planning promotes more inclusive and informed decision-making, contributing to the development of spaces that meet the needs of all residents, thereby strengthening social cohesion and supporting sustainable development. Originality/value: The study provides an innovative perspective on the diverse perceptions of urban innovations by women and men, contributing to the literature on urban space management from a gender perspective and residents' quality of life.
14
Content available Analysis of technical and technological solutions to support environmental management in a smart city
Ignac-Nowicka Jolanta
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
|
2025
|
z. 221
185--197
EN
Purpose: The aim of the article is to analyze the trends of contemporary city management and environmental management in the city. The article analyzes the technical and technological tools that can support environmental management in the city against the background of problems related to atmospheric air pollution. Tools for improving social communication in order to increase the comfort of life of city residents were also analyzed. The world literature searched for solutions that could be implemented to the conditions prevailing in Poland, where many urban agglomerations have a carpet structure. In the carpet structure, cities are located close to industrial areas, which significantly affect air pollution in inhabited areas. Design/methodology/approach: The article analyzes world literature on trends in urban environment management and reports on new technical and technological solutions that support environmental management in the city, especially in the context of polluted air. Foreign solutions were analyzed in search of new solutions to the problems of polluted air in the country (in Poland). Findings: The article presents technical solutions described in the world literature in the field of monitoring the natural environment and improving communication between city authorities and residents in order to improve their quality of life. Then, an analysis of the possibilities of using new technical solutions supporting the management of the natural environment in the city in Polish conditions was made. Originality/value: As a result of the analyses, examples of technical solutions were found that could support the management of the natural environment in the city, taking into account the specificity of cities located in the center of agglomerations, which is typical of most Polish cities. Tools were also indicated that could improve communication between city authorities and residents in order to improve their quality of life in the city.
15
Content available A study on the understanding of social participation among employees of selected city offices
Bętkowska Martyna, Ligarski Mariusz J.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
|
2025
|
z. 224
9--23
EN
Purpose: The article aims to examine the perception of social participation among employees of city offices in Silesia. The analysis covers the understanding of this phenomenon, the evaluation of the involvement of city authorities, identified barriers, and suggestions for improvements. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs the survey method. A questionnaire consisting of 16 questions was addressed to employees of city offices in two cities with powiat status. Both quantitative and qualitative data obtained from closed-ended and open-ended questions were analyzed. Findings: The study revealed a diverse perception of social participation among city office employees. Significant differences were noted in the assessment of the level of involvement of the authorities and identified barriers. The results indicate the need to strengthen the dialogue between the office and residents, and the necessity of education in the field of participation. Research limitations/implications: The study was conducted on a limited sample of two cities, which may affect the generalizability of the results. Future research could cover a larger number of cities and include the perspective of residents. Practical implications: The results of the study can serve as a basis for developing strategies to increase social participation in cities. It is advisable to introduce training for officials and develop tools for communication with residents. Social implications: Increasing social participation can contribute to the strengthening of local democracy, increased citizen trust in authorities, and improvement of the quality of life in cities. Originality/value: The article brings a new perspective on the perception of social participation by employees of city offices in the context of Smart Cities. It presents empirical data on barriers and opportunities for improvement that can be used in practice. The article is addressed to public administration employees, researchers, and all those interested in the development of civic participation.
16
Content available Modeling and evaluation of smart mini parking systems with prior reservation using stochastic petri nets
Hristoski Ilija, Malenkovska-Todorova Marija
Transport Problems
|
2025
|
T. 20, z. 3
43--56
EN
Rapid urbanization has significantly increased the demand for efficient parking solutions, particularly in city centers, making urban parking management a critical challenge. Inefficient urban parking management contributes directly to traffic congestion, increased fuel consumption, and environmental pollution. This paper evaluates the modeling and performance of a smart mini parking system that enables prior parking slot reservations through a mobile application. The system comprises seven parking spaces, allocated among four vehicle types as follows: one for handicapped vehicles, three for regular vehicles, one for small utility/cargo vehicles, and two for electric vehicles. A deterministic and stochastic Petri net model is developed to represent the dynamic reservation process, vehicle arrivals and departures, and parking durations. This approach captures the stochastic nature of vehicle flows while incorporating deterministic time constraints for fixed billing intervals. Using numerical simulations, the study evaluates the utilization rates of individual parking slots and the overall system under different vehicle arrival rates and a predefined operating profile reflecting vehicle type distribution. The simulation-based analysis highlights how arrival patterns and fleet composition affect occupancy, system saturation, and service efficiency. The findings indicate the prospective significance of smart mini parking systems, offer practical insights into optimizing parking allocation and reservation strategies in smart urban environments, and demonstrate the potential of deterministic and stochastic Petri nets as a formal tool for modeling and improving smart parking systems, thus contributing to more sustainable urban mobility solutions.
17
Content available Enhancing battery life and energy efficiency in solar-powered IoT devices through cyclic sleep control system
Inthasuth Tanakorn, Kaewthong Natapon, Annur Robithoh, Sureeya Kritsana
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
|
2025
|
R. 101, nr 6
51--57
EN
The unstable operation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices installed outdoors, which rely on solar energy, is often caused by insufficient power supply or battery degradation. This paper presents a cyclic sleep control system (CSCS) for an IoT-based air quality monitoring system utilizing Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology, deployed in Songkhla Municipality. The objective is to enhance sensor data availability (SDA) across monitored zones over a seven-day period. Experimental results showed that SDA was only 4.2% without CSCS. After implementing CSCS, SDA significantly improved in all zones-for example, Zone A increased from 66.7% to 87.5%, and Zone D achieved 100% availability. The CSCS effectively reduces energy consumption and supports continuous 24-hour operation. Importantly, the system was integrated without any hardware modifications, demonstrating the practicality of CSCS as a low-cost and non-invasive solution for improving IoT system reliability in solar powered deployments.
PL
Niestabilna praca urządzeń Internetu Rzeczy (IoT) instalowanych na zewnątrz, zasilanych energią słoneczną, często wynika z niewystarczającego zasilania lub degradacji baterii. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono system cyklicznego uśpienia (CSCS) dla systemu monitorowania jakości powietrza opartego na technologii Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), wdrożonego w gminie Songkhla. Celem jest zwiększenie dostępności danych z czujników (SDA) w monitorowanych strefach w ciągu siedmiodniowego okresu. Wyniki eksperymentalne wykazały, że SDA wynosiła jedynie 4,2% bez zastosowania CSCS. Po wdrożeniu CSCS, SDA znacznie poprawiła się we wszystkich strefach - na przykład w Strefie A wzrosła z 66,7% do 87,5%, a w Strefie D osiągnęła 100% dostępności. CSCS skutecznie redukuje zużycie energii i umożliwia ciągłą, 24-godzinną pracę. Co istotne, system został zintegrowany bez modyfikacji sprzętowych, co potwierdza praktyczność CSCS jako niskokosztowego i nieinwazyjnego rozwiązania poprawiającego niezawodność systemów IoT zasilanych energią słoneczną.
18
Content available remote IoT w budynkach przemysłowych – przykłady zastosowań i zwrot z inwestycji (ROI)
Zgórski Ariel
Napędy i Sterowanie
|
2025
|
R. 27, nr 6
8--10
PL
Technologie Internetu Rzeczy (IoT, ang. Internet of Things) rewolucjonizują otaczający nas świat. Miliardy niewielkich urządzeń komunikują się między sobą oraz z centralami, przekazując wartościowe dane, które następnie mogą być wykorzystane w różnorodnych celach. Rozwiązania IoT mają [...] na tyle szerokie zastosowanie, że z powodzeniem odnajdują się również w świecie przemysłu. Firmy, które wdrażają te technologie i analizują zbierane dane, mogą się pochwalić zarówno ograniczeniem kosztów jak i zwiększeniem zysków...
19
Content available Rozwiązania smart city w rozwoju polskich miast wojewódzkich jako fundament zrównoważonej przyszłości
Kauf Sabina, Pisz Iwona, Wyrwich-Płotka Sabina, Bruska Anna, Boichuk Natalia
Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka
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2025
|
nr 1
2--13
PL
Współczesne miasta mierzą się z wieloma wyzwaniami, wśród których kluczową rolę odgrywają rosnąca przez wiele lat urbanizacja, zanieczyszczenie środowiska, zmiany klimatyczne czy problem efektywnego zarządzania zasobami. W tym kontekście koncepcja smart city, oparta na nowoczesnych technologiach i innowacyjnych rozwiązaniach, staje się głównym elementem strategii rozwoju. Polskie miasta wojewódzkie jako centra regionalne coraz częściej wdrażają rozwiązania z zakresu smart city, by poprawiać jakość życia mieszkańców, zwiększać efektywność działań administracji i wspierać zrównoważony rozwój. Celem artykułu jest określenie, w jakim stopniu idea smart city jest uwzględniana w strategiach rozwoju polskich miast wojewódzkich, oraz identyfikacja obszarów, w których te rozwiązania mają największe znaczenie. Analiza obejmuje sześć wymiarów smart city: gospodarkę, mobilność, środowisko, mieszkańców, jakość życia oraz zarządzanie. Badanie składało się z dwóch etapów: analizy literatury oraz przeglądu dokumentów strategicznych miast z wykorzystaniem narzędzi modelowania tematycznego.
EN
Modern cities face a number of challenges, among which growing urbanization over the years, environmental pollution, climate change or the problem of efficient resource management play a key role. In this context, the smart city concept, based on modern technologies and innovative solutions, is becoming a leading element of development strategies. Polish voivodeship cities, as regional centres, are increasingly implementing smart city solutions to improve the quality of life of residents, increase the efficiency of government operations and promote sustainable development. The purpose of this article is to determine the extent to which the smart city idea is incorporated into the development strategies of Polish voivodeship cities, and to identify the areas in which these solutions are of greatest importance. The analysis covers six dimensions of the smart city: economy, mobility, environment, people, quality of life and governance. The study consisted of two stages: a literature analysis and a review of cities' strategic documents using thematic modelling tools.
20
Content available What factors will shape the future of sustainable and smart cities in Europe? Evidence from the Delphi study
Szpilko Danuta, Rzepka Agnieszka, Nica Elvira, Lăzăroiu George, Gedeon Tom
Economics and Environment
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2025
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No. 3
art. no. 1272
EN
The article aims to identify and assess the factors shaping the development of sustainable and smart cities in Europe and their interrelationships. With respect to the objective, three research questions were formulated: (I) What are the factors supporting the development of sustainable and smart cities in Europe?, (II) What are the limiting factors (barriers) to the development of sustainable and smart cities in Europe?, (III) What are the main factors influencing the development of sustainable and smart cities in Europe? As part of the research process, the following methods were applied: horizon scanning, STEEPVL analysis, the Delphi method and structural analysis. The study involved 131 experts from 28 countries, whose articles on sustainable and smart cities development are indexed in the Web of Science database. The directions analysed include: smart governance and citizen participation; renewable energy microgrids with decentralised energy trading; delegating decisions to AI-based systems; and urban digital twins. The Delphi results unambiguously indicate three main enabling factors: access to external sources of finance; advanced digital infrastructure together with data integration; and a high level of cybersecurity and data protection. The principal barriers were identified as: a low level of integration across urban systems and a lack of data interoperability; limited fiscal capacity of local authorities; and institutional resistance to change and to the digital climate transition. The results of the structural analysis indicate that institutional governance, the maturity of data infrastructure and interoperability set the trajectory of change. The findings entail practical implications: institutional governance and regulatory transparency should be strengthened; diversified, multi-source funding should be ensured; interoperability should be prioritised; and AI and digital twins should then be scaled in step with capability development and a security-by-design approach.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu identyfikację i ocenę czynników kształtujących rozwój zrównoważonych i inteligentnych miast w Europie oraz ich wzajemnych oddziaływań. W odniesieniu do celu sformułowano trzy pytania badawcze: (I) Jakie czynniki sprzyjają rozwojowi zrównoważonych i inteligentnych miast w Europie? (II) Jakie czynniki ograniczają (utrudniają) rozwój zrównoważonych i inteligentnych miast w Europie? (III) Jakie są główne czynniki wpływające na rozwój zrównoważonych i inteligentnych miast w Europie? W ramach procesu badawczego zastosowano: horizon scanning, analizę STEEPVL, metodę Delphi i analizę strukturalną. W badaniu wzięło udział 131 ekspertów z 28 krajów, publikujących artykuły z zakresu zrównoważonego i inteligentnego rozwoju miast, indeksowane w bazie Web of Science. Analizowane kierunki obejmują: smart governance i partycypację mieszkańców, odnawialne mikrosieci energetyczne ze zdecentralizowanym obrotem energią, delegowanie decyzji na systemy oparte na AI oraz miejskie cyfrowe bliźniaki. Wyniki Delphi jednoznacznie wskazują trzy główne czynniki sprzyjające: dostęp do zewnętrznych źródeł finansowania, rozwiniętą infrastrukturę cyfrową oraz integrację danych, a także wysoki poziom cyberbezpieczeństwa i ochrony danych. Za najważniejsze bariery uznano: niski poziom integracji systemów miejskich i brak interoperacyjności danych, ograniczony potencjał finansowy samorządów oraz opór instytucjonalny wobec zmiany i transformacji cyfrowo-klimatycznej. Wyniki analizy strukturalnej wskazują zaś, że sterowanie instytucjonalne, dojrzałość infrastruktury danych i interoperacyjność wyznaczają trajektorię zmian. Z uzyskanych wyników wynikają implikacje praktyczne: należy wzmocnić sterowanie instytucjonalne i przejrzystość prawa, zapewnić wieloźródłowe finansowanie, nadać priorytet interoperacyjności, a następnie skalować AI i cyfrowe bliźniaki wraz z rozwojem kompetencji i podejściem security-by-design.
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