Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Risk assessment in maritime autonomous surface ship long-distance voyage planning

Abramowicz-Gerigk Teresa, Burciu Zbigniew

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

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nr 81 (153)

76--83

EN

Rapid technological progress in the field of autonomous surface ships (MASS) has outpaced international regulations concerning the safety of their operation and various research centers and classification societies, which independently conduct work on requirements of MASS safety. The implementation of “remote” risk management during MASS voyages, with the support of remote operations center (ROC) operators, is generally recognized as key to safety in MASS operations. This paper presents issues related to the operation of MASS in the context of long-distance voyage planning, taking into account the risk management process. The factors initiating hazards in MASS operation are described with the background of current requirements for the crewed ships. The voyage plan and route selection are presented using the example of a bulk carrier sailing from Gdynia to Miami in the winter season. A MASS casualty accident probability model related to the hazards occurring at individual stages of the ship’s voyage, based on the Poisson distribution, is proposed.

2

Assessment of Soil Contamination by Roof Runoff. A Case Study from Wrocław, Poland

Hołtra Anna, Zamorska-Wojdyła Dorota, Ferenc Zbigniew

Environment Protection Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 51, nr 1

93--109

EN

The study focused on the determination of heavy metals originating from anthropogenic sources to assess the environmental and health risks to city residents. The single pollution indices showed the key pollutants in soils such as Zn, Cd, and Pb. Contamination level assessment and the toxicity of pollutants were done by the multi-elemental pollution indices. They showed heavy pollution of tested soils with high ecological risk. The correlation analysis and the principal component analysis model were utilized to identify the relative contribution of metals to soil pollution and provide information about the potential sources of metals. The most important for elemental composition in soils in Wrocław are three emission sources: leaching of pollutants from the materials used in the roof coverings and guttering, domestic heating with fossil fuel combustion and other solid materials, leaching of the air pollution including of the road traffic. The health risk analysis shows that ingestion and then dermal contact are the greatest exposure pathways for humans. The health risk was low, although children have greater risks than adults.

3

Situational awareness in autonomous shipping – ship domain in remote MASS operation

Abramowicz-Gerigk Teresa, Burciu Zbigniew

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

889--893

EN

The introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) in maritime transport creates new challenges that did not previously exist in the case of manned ships, and changes the approach to voyage planning, implementation and monitoring. MASS is not only supposed to be more economical, but also contributes to transport safety and environmental protection, while limiting the impact of the human factor. Taking into account the assumptions of the International Maritime Organization, the implementation of a MASS voyage, supervised by the operator of the Remote Operations Centre (ROC) will require a high level of situational awareness. The paper discusses the determination of the MASS safe navigation domain by ROC operator making decisions under risk conditions. It is expected, that according to Kahneman and Tversky's prospect theory, the enlargement of MASS domains may result in an increase in human-induced navigation hazards, especially in restricted areas.

4

Identify the trends on Maritime Safety Management system studies: a review

Junaidi Arif, Yudo Hartono, Ab-Samat H. Abdul

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

775--784

EN

Studies to understand the development of the theory and implementation of effective Maritime Safety Management are essential to examine its performance. Therefore, this study aims to identify trends that review Maritime Safety Management using the literature study design model. Data were collected from articles published in Scopus-indexed international journals from 2012 to 2022 and analyzed qualitatively using the Interactive data analysis model. This result showed that the trends responsible include the Effectiveness of the Safety Management System (SMS), developing the model, and identifying sources that raised safety problems. This study discussed these findings in detail, supported by the latest theory and empirical foundation. Furthermore, aspects not examined in preliminary studies were evaluated based on the trend with the evolution of a standard for a SMS, namely the ISM code. Irrespective of implementing this code, ships can still be detained for various reasons. This led to use the AHP-TOPSIS combination method to analyze all findings issued during periodical verification to evaluate the implementation of the SMS on board ship.

5

Evaluation of Maritime Cyber Security (MarCy) Training Programme

Oruc Aybars, Chowdhury Nabin, Gkioulos Vasileios, Katsikas Sokratis

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

743--763

EN

The prevalence of digital technologies is growing in the maritime industry, as in other sectors. Consequently, concerns regarding cyber risks are also escalating. Incidents have occurred in the industry, and findings from academic studies further validate these concerns. While technical measures are being taken against cyber threats, the human element remains another crucial aspect that requires strengthening. To effectively combat cyber threats and vulnerabilities, it is imperative to enhance individuals’ awareness through education and training. In order to address the cyber security training needs of maritime professionals and students, we have developed an approach called the Maritime Cyber Security (MarCy) training programme. In this study, we evaluate all stages of the proposed programme through four conducted training sessions involving different learner groups. As a result, the MarCy programme was improved based on the findings obtained during the training sessions and the feedback from the learners. This study validates that the MarCy programme is an effective approach to meet the cyber security training needs of various groups in the maritime domain.

6

Environmental impact of the oil spill caused by the leakage of the exemplary pipeline in the south Baltic Sea

Wilczyński Przemysław

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

883--888

EN

A significant spillage of oil-derived cargo or fuel in the port areas causes serious threats to the natural environment and to the ship traffic. Hydrometeorological conditions and the availability of means to limit such spillage have a significant influence on the way the oil spill propagates. In the article, the authors presented a simulation of the distribution of oil spills taking place in Port Polnocny in various hydrometeorological conditions and the impact of the spill on areas located near the port. For simulation process was used GNOME an interactive environmental simulation system designed for the rapid modelling of pollutant trajectories in the marine environment.

7

Domestic RoRo ferry safety performance level monitoring based on risk assessment model using IoT: a literature review and application

Nurwahyudy Aleik, Pitana Trika, Nugroho Setyo

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

785--793

EN

Domestic RoRo (roll-on/roll-off) ferry safety has been a growing concern for years due to its continued casualty events, which have significant consequences. However, the development of the transport mode from the perspective of safety performance is considered a slow process due to the nature of its operation and less stakeholder concern. One of the significant issues, among others, lies in monitoring the safety level of the service. This condition results in a lack of awareness in every aspect of operation and every mindset of related parties. On the other hand, the Internet of Things (IoT) development has been significantly progressive, covering nearly every aspect of the transport system. The progressive process has been followed by accessibility and affordability of the technology so that every stakeholder can utilise it to the fullest. The paper explores the possibility of IoT technology being included in improving the safety of domestic ferry operations by monitoring the overall safety performance from the perspective of its risk status. The research maps the stakeholder's position based on their function and current or future IoT system. As a risk assessment model, the F-N Curve is used as the base concept for assessing the operation's safety performance and risk state condition. The research identified the possibility of integration under the IoT scheme in dynamic risk assessment. The research also recognises the significant strengths and challenges of integrating every available IoT system, which is contributed by the system's openness.

8

Cybersecurity in maritime industry

Neumann Tomasz

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

765--774

EN

The maritime industry is increasingly adopting digital solutions to optimize operations, reduce costs, improve data processing speeds, promote sustainability, and enhance safety. Advances in information technology, particularly through satellite internet connections, have enabled seamless communication between IT and operational systems. However, these developments also introduce significant cybersecurity risks. To mitigate these challenges, international regulations, such as the IMO’s Maritime Cyber Risk Management Resolution (2021), and guidelines have been implemented, emphasizing the integration of cybersecurity into Safety Management Systems (SMS). Effective cybersecurity management requires a top-down approach, beginning with executive leadership and fostering a culture of cybersecurity throughout organizations. Frameworks like those developed by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) complement IMO guidelines by providing tools to assess and manage cyber risks, especially in offshore operations experiencing rapid technological advancements. The offshore sector, vital to renewable energy and maritime economy growth, faces unique risks due to its dependency on interconnected systems. Comprehensive measures are necessary to safeguard navigation, protect infrastructure, and ensure personnel safety while adhering to evolving regulatory and technological standards. This paper highlights the need for robust cybersecurity frameworks to secure maritime operations against emerging threats, including data breaches, system manipulation, and cyberattacks, which pose challenges to global trade and maritime safety.

9

Cyber risk assessment for SHips (CRASH)

Oruc A., Kavallieratos G., Gkioulos V., Katsikas S.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 1

115--124

EN

The maritime industry is undergoing a digital transformation, with an increasing integration of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) systems on modern vessels. Its multiple benefits notwithstanding, this transformation brings with it increased cybersecurity risks, that need to be identified, assessed, and managed. Although several cyber risk assessment methodologies are available in the literature, they may be challenging for experts with a maritime background to use. In this paper we propose a simple and effective cyber risk assessment methodology, named Cyber Risk Assessment for SHips (CRASH), that can be easily implemented by maritime professionals. To showcase its workings, we assessed 24 cyber risks of the Integrated Navigation System (INS) using CRASH and we validated the method by comparing its results to those of another method and by means of interviews with experts in the maritime sector. CRASH can aid shipping companies in effectively assessing cyber risks as a step towards selecting and implementing necessary measures to enhance the cyber security of cyber-physical systems onboard their vessels.

10

A multistate approach to reliability analyses of a ship hull structure

Soszyńska-Budny Joanna, Ivošević Špiro

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

897--904

EN

Structural damage in the form of corrosion, fatigue, damage, cracks and fouling can significantly reduce the structural integrity of ships in navigation and decrease the navigation safety. Therefore, numerous studies aim to improve international rules and regulations, and ensure proper maintenance of ships and timely inspections. Classification societies, flag states and port states strive to conduct appropriate inspections of ships with the aim of preventive detection of defects. Through the application of International Safety Management system, companies strive to improve maintenance systems, monitor the condition of ships and conduct risk assessments to reduce potential accidents and negative consequences for people, material goods and the environment. By means of advanced Structural Health Monitoring, the observation and analysis of the physical, chemical or electrical characteristics of components or systems are conducted over time. Such examinations tend to identify the variations that lead to degradation of the current or future performance of the inspected systems and their components. The condition of hull structures is monitored by mandatory requirements which are prescribed by classification societies e.g. the number of thickness measurements of hull structure areas and elements. The measurements create extensive databases that are further used to monitor the condition of existing ships and predict their future conditions. This study relies on a database of 25 bulk carriers aged between 5 and 25 years. The measurements were performed during regular special surveys on the total of 110 fuel tanks located in double bottom area of ships, which provided 3070 measured data in total. The values of the thickness diminution of steel plates due to corrosion were obtained through the measurements of the thickness of the steel plates by means of ultrasound thickness gauging equipment, in accordance with the rules of classification societies. Based on those rules and allowable substance and extensive corrosion, the paper considers the excessive corrosion values (above 20%) that were identified as failures and required the replacement of corroded surfaces. The multistate approach to the reliability analysis of the steel plates of inner bottom plating and the improvement of reliability after critical conditions showed that the usability of the analyzed ships significantly dropped after 15 years of exploitation.

11

Trends in the occurrence of ICT incidents in terms of cybersecurity

Parczewski Rafał, Guzanek Patrycja, Szczur Robert, Ilczuk Łukasz, Jabłoński Przemysław, Jankiewicz Ewa

Systemy Logistyczne Wojsk

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2024

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Vol. 61, no. 2

193--210

EN

Quick and unhindered access to information is a feature of social and economic development, and the functioning of the entire state depends on the efficiency and stability of ICT systems. A breakdown in digital security brings with it the risk of citizens’ safety being compromised, the interception of sensitive data, including personal data, invasion of privacy, loss of money and often health. Effective countermeasures require the continuous establishment and development of a cybersecurity system. The purpose of this article is to analyze and assess the scale and type of emerging incidents. It was assumed (research hypothesis) in ICT systems, including those related to the critical infrastructure of the state, there is an increasing number of incidents involving malicious software and events involving illegal collection of information. The study was based on data on incidents coordinated by the GOV CSIRT (Governmental Computer Security Incident Response Team). The information was obtained from the reports of the CSIRT GOV team for the years 2010-2022. The number of reports and actual incidents was analysed on a quarterly and annual basis, as well as their classification in various categories, using primarily the method of scientific observation, document examination, mathematical analysis and inference. Groups of threats were identified that are characterised by a clear increase in the number of incidents in recent years and against which an intensification of preventive measures is required. The results of the study are in line with the trend observed worldwide. The study clearly shows that malware incidents or information-gathering incidents are becoming more frequent in the virtual world.

PL

Szybki i nieskrępowany dostęp do informacji jest atrybutem rozwoju społecznego i gospodarczego, a od sprawności i stabilności systemów teleinformatycznych zależy funkcjonowanie całego państwa. Zachwianie bezpieczeństwa cyfrowego wiąże się z ryzykiem naruszenia bezpieczeństwa obywateli, przejęciem wrażliwych danych, w tym osobowych, naruszenia prywatności, utraty pieniędzy, a nierzadko też zdrowia. Skuteczne przeciwdziałanie wymaga permanentnej budowy i roz- woju systemu cyberbezpieczeństwa. Celem artykułu jest analiza i ocena skali oraz rodzaju pojawiających się incydentów. Założono, (hipoteza badawcza) że w systemach teleinformatycznych, w tym związanych z infrastrukturą krytyczną państwa, coraz częściej dochodzi do incydentów z udziałem złośliwego oprogramowania oraz zdarzeń polegających na nielegalnym pozyskiwaniu informacji. Podstawą badania były dane dotyczące incydentów koordynowanych przez zespół CSIRT GOV (Governmental Computer Security Incident Response Team). Informacje zostały pozyskane z raportów zespołu CSIRT GOV z lat 2010-2022. Analizowano liczbę zgłoszeń i faktycznych incydentów w ujęciu kwartalnym i rocznym oraz ich klasyfikację w różnych kategoriach, wykorzystując przede wszystkim metodę obserwacji naukowej, badania dokumentów, analizy matematycznej oraz wnioskowania. Zidentyfikowano grupy zagrożeń, które cechuje wyraźny wzrost liczby incydentów w ostatnich latach i wobec których wymagana jest intensyfikacja prowadzenia działań zapobiegawczych. Wyniki badania wpisują się w trend obserwowany na całym świecie. Przeprowadzone rozważania wyraźnie pokazują, że w wirtualnym świecie coraz częściej pojawiają się incydenty z grupy złośliwego oprogramowania czy zdarzenia związane z gromadzeniem informacji.

12

Ryzyko przekroczenia normalnych warunków pracy sieci niskiego napięcia z dużym udziałem prosumenckich mikroinstalacji fotowoltaicznych

Smołka Marcin, Korab Roman, Połomski Marcin

Rynek Energii

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2024

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Nr 1

24--29

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wpływ prosumenckich źródeł fotowoltaicznych (PV) na pracę sieci dystrybucyjnej niskiego napięcia (nN), przez analizę wybranych parametrów charakteryzujących jej pracę. Obiektem badań była rzeczywista terenowa sieć dystrybucyjna. Symulacje pracy sieci zostały przeprowadzone w programie OpenDSS. W ich wyniku określono roczne ryzyko przekroczenia normalnych warunków pracy sieci dla różnego stopnia nasycenia źródłami PV.

EN

The article presents the impact of prosumer photovoltaic sources on the operation of a low-voltage network, by analyzing selected parameters characterizing the operation of the network. The object of the study was a real rural distribution network. Simulations of the network's operation were carried out using the OpenDSS software. As a result, the risk of exceeding normal network operating conditions was determined.

13

Protective clothing and equipment for use in hazardous situations and in training – main principles on risk assessm

Cichecka Magdalena

Przegląd Włókienniczy - Włókno, Odzież, Skóra

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2024

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nr 5

41--43

EN

Guidance on carrying out risk assessment on violent situations and on the selection of protective clothing and equipment is given in BS 7971-2:2003. It is helpful in establishing systems for the maintenance, storage, preparation, and issuing of protective clothing and equipment etc. and specifies the physical and chemical test methods used in the assessment. The guidance is irreplaceable for both of employers and employees, and includes principles of risk assessment procedures that allow for accurate interpretation of results, as well as a section on selecting appropriate protective equipment for use in hazardous or violent situations.

PL

Wytyczne dotyczące przeprowadzania oceny ryzyka w sytuacjach zagrożenia zdrowia i życia oraz doboru odpowiedniej odzieży ochronnej i sprzętu ochronnego znajdują się w normie BS 79712:2003. Norma ta jest pomocna przy określaniu sposobu konserwacji, przechowywania, przygotowywania i przydzielania odzieży ochronnej i sprzętu ochronnego itp. oraz określa metody badań f izycznych i chemicznych stosowanych w ocenie. Wskazówki te są pomocne zarówno dla pracodawców, jak i pracowników, ponieważ zawierają zasady przeprowadzenia oceny ryzyka pozwalające na dokładną interpretację wyników, jak również sposób doboru odpowiedniego sprzętu ochrony osobistej do stosowania w sytuacjach zagrożenia.

14

Wpływ prosumenckich instalacji fotowoltaicznych na pracę sieci rozdzielczej niskiego napięcia

Korab Roman, Połomski Marcin, Smołka Marcin, Cieślik Dawid

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2024

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R. 100, nr 1

312--317

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wpływ prosumenckich instalacji fotowoltaicznych na pracę sieci rozdzielczej niskiego napięcia. Symulacje pracy sieci zostały przeprowadzone w programie OpenDSS, z wykorzystaniem modelu sieci testowej CIGRE. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników określono wpływ warunków atmosferycznych na ryzyko przekroczenia normalnych warunków pracy sieci. Ponadto określony został maksymalny stopień nasycenia sieci CIGRE źródłami PV, który nie powodował zaburzeń w pracy tej sieci

EN

The article evaluates the impact of prosumer photovoltaic installations on the operation of the low voltage distribution network. Simulations have been carried out in the OpenDSS program, using the CIGRE test network model. From the results obtained, the impact of atmospheric conditions on the risk of exceeding normal network operating conditions was determined. In addition, the level of saturation of the CIGRE network with PV sources, which did not cause disturbances in the operation of this network, was determined.

15

Evaluation of selected heavy metal and selenium pollution in water and sediments of Lake Eğirdir (Isparta/Türkiye) using statistical analysis and pollution indices

Özçelik Şule, Tekin-Özan Selda

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 2

186--207

EN

The purpose of this study is to assess heavy metal and selenium pollution in water and sediment of Lake Eğirdir using some indices. The water and sediments have the highest content of Fe. According to Water Quality Index (WQI) results, the lake water is in the good category, while the low pollution category depends on HPI and HEI values. The Enrichment Factor (EF) showed that the sediments contained very high, extremely high and significant levels of Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Fe. The Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) revealed that Lake Eğirdir was not polluted with Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn. Based on the results of the Contamination Factor (CF), Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn were in the low contamination category. The results of The Pollution Load Index (PLI) for lake sediments indicated no contamination for all metals in all seasons. Sediment quality guidelines were used to determine the possible risk of heavy metal contamination of sediments, and the results show that Cd and Pb were at the minimal effect threshold (MET), while Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn were at the lowest effect levels (LEL). These results indicate that precautions should be taken to prevent an increase in metal pollution and reduce the existing pollution.

16

Environmental impact of potentially toxic elements accumulated in surface sediments of the Erikli Lagoon, Black Sea coast (Türkiye)

Kükrer Serkan, Uludağ Musa, Erginal Gülsen, Erginal Ahmet Evren

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 3

321--337

EN

This study aims to (a) determine the concentration and distribution of elements in the surface sediments of the Erikli Lagoon, which are under natural and anthropogenic pressure, (b) determine possible effects on the environment using ecological indices, and (c) reveal possible sources. Multiple elements, total organic carbon and chlorophyll degradation products were analyzed in sediment samples. Enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) were calculated to determine the sources of the elements. Modified hazard quotient (mHQ), ecological contamination index (ECI), contamination severity index (CSI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were calculated to determine ecological risks. It was found that Mn, Hg, As, Fe and Cd entering the lake are of anthropogenic origin. These elements pose a low to moderate ecological threat to the lake. Agricultural and domestic discharges and atmospheric deposition are the main sources of these elements. A moderate ecological risk with an average value of 194.89 was determined in the lagoon based on PERI and contamination levels of metals. The elements that pose this risk are Hg and Cd, due to their high toxicity. According to ECI and CSI, the ecological risk is low, with average values of 0.99 and 0.30, respectively.

17

Blood serum IgE and muscle element levels in Cyprinus carpio infested by Argulus foliaceus in Lake Çavuşçu (Konya/Turkey) : Assessment of their impact on human health

Gümüş Numan Emre

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 4

424--434

EN

Fish with the metazoan parasite Argulus foliaceus (Crustacea: Branchiura) infestation observed in carp (Cyprinus carpio) were caught between September and October 2018 in Lake Çavuşçu. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) in the muscle tissue of individuals of this fish species. The levels of heavy metals were studied and assessed for their effects on human health. The results obtained in the study were compared with the limit values set by national and international quality criteria. In addition, blood serum IgE levels were examined in fish. IgE is considered part of the parasite-specific immune defense system called allergic antibody. The results were compared with serum IgE levels in non-parasitized carp. It was found that serum IgE levels of infested fish were higher than serum IgE levels of non-parasitized carp. The recommendation for consumers is that although the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) were well below 1, they should be mindful of the risk in their daily fish intake.

18

Assessment of operational risks in the oil and gas industry

Bogopolsky Vadim O., Bagirov Azad A., Shirinov Magomed M.

Nafta-Gaz

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2024

|

R. 80, nr 8

520--525

EN

The article provides an overview of the oil and gas extraction industry, recognized as one of the most environmentally hazardous industries globally. It is marked by a high risk of explosions and fires at industrial facilities. Chemical reagents used in drilling wells, oil production and preparation, as well as the extracted hydrocarbons and their impurities, pose harmful threats to flora, fauna, and humans. Additionally, oil and gas production is dangerous due to a high rate of accidents, as primary production processes occur under high pressure and in aggressive environments. The main task of risk identification and assessment is to use risk as a basis for prioritizing actions and managing an inspection program, where equipment and types of work being inspected are ranked according to the degree of risk. In almost every situation, once a risk is identified, there are alternative ways to mitigate it. The analysis and assessment of the state of occupational injuries are essential for the successful operation of any system, including occupational safety. The article examines objective qualitative and quantitative indicators that characterize the state of occupational safety and the safety or danger of production. It highlights that an important aspect of ensuring safety in the operation of oil and gas production and refining facilities involves identifying, analyzing, and controlling the risks of large-scale accidents. To achieve this, it is necessary to implement control measures and certify all possible risks in project documents to prevent them. This task is relevant and specific to each enterprise in the oil and gas industry.

PL

: W artykule dokonano analizy przemysłu wydobywczego ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego, uznawanego za jedną z najbardziej szkodliwych dla środowiska gałęzi przemysłu na świecie. Przemysł ten charakteryzuje wysokie ryzyko możliwości zaistnienia eksplozji i pożarów w obiektach przemysłowych. Odczynniki chemiczne stosowane w odwiertach, produkcji i przetwarzaniu ropy naftowej, a także wydobyte węglowodory i występujące w nich zanieczyszczenia stanowią zagrożenie dla flory, fauny i ludzi. Ponadto wydobycie ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego jest niebezpieczne ze względu na wysoki odsetek wypadków, ponieważ podstawowe procesy produkcyjne zachodzą pod wysokim ciśnieniem i w agresywnym środowisku. Głównym zadaniem identyfikacji i oceny ryzyka jest wykorzystanie go jako podstawy do ustalania priorytetów działań i zarządzania programem inspekcji, w którym sprzęt i rodzaje kontrolowanych prac są uszeregowane według stopnia ryzyka. W niemal każdej sytuacji, po zidentyfikowaniu ryzyka, można je ograniczyć na różne sposoby. Analiza i ocena stanu wypadków przy pracy ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla pomyślnego funkcjonowania każdego systemu, w tym BHP. W artykule przeanalizowano obiektywne wskaźniki jakościowe i ilościowe, które charakteryzują stan bezpieczeństwa pracy oraz poziom bezpieczeństwa lub zagrożenia związanego z produkcją. Podkreślono, że ważnym aspektem zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa w eksploatacji instalacji do produkcji i rafinacji ropy naftowej i gazu jest identyfikacja, analiza i kontrola ryzyka poważnych wypadków. Aby to osiągnąć, konieczne jest wdrożenie środków kontroli i określenie wszystkich możliwych zagrożeń w dokumentach projektowych, aby im zapobiec. Jest to istotne zadanie, które należy przeprowadzić odrębnie w każdym przedsiębiorstwie w branży naftowo-gazowej.

19

Quantitative Method of Ex-Ante Project Risk Assessment Based on Checklist Method

Kozień Ewa

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2024

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Vol. 15, No. 4

1--13

EN

Risk is an issue of interdisciplinary character and accompanies all actions undertaken in companies, e.g. projects. Identification and assessment of risk is an important issue, but at the same time it is particularly difficult in actions of unique character such as projects. This article identifies exogenous and endogenous risk factors that affect successful project implementation. Six risk-generating areas were defined to identify and assess ex-ante risks in the project: project environment, client and contract, suppliers, organization maturity and a project team. Each one of them was assigned analytical criteria and a method for their assessment. Empirical verification was made based on an example of a manufacturing process. The proposed method is a support for project managers in a process of decision-making and for actions undertaken by managers aimed at reduction of risk in a project, especially at a stage of its preparation.

20

Fuzzy logic in risk assessment of production machines failure in forming and assembly processes

Burduk Anna, Lapczynska Dagmara, Kochanska Joanna, Musial Kamil, Husar Jozef

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 24, No. 2

34--43

EN

The article presents the application of fuzzy logic to risk assessment in assembly and forming production processes. The fuzzy FMEA method was used, enabling the assessment of risk parameters based on expert opinions. This resulted in the development of a system that allows for greater flexibility and increased resistance to errors associated with human factors, enabling risk assessment through the use of linguistic variables. This allows organisations to analyse and manage risk, improving the efficiency and safety of their operations. This article presents an analysis of the benefits of using fuzzy logic in risk assessment in production in conjunction with the FMEA method, which is one of the most widely used risk assessment methods in industry. It discusses how fuzzy logic can help capture uncertainties in production processes and provide a more flexible framework for their evaluation. A case study is also presented, in which fuzzy logic was applied to risk assessment, highlighting the benefits it brings to production efficiency and safety.