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1

Port authority readiness assessment: the impact of disruption technology information in Indonesia

Wirza Elfira

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2026

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Vol. 20 No. 1

93--100

EN

Information technology disruption has spread to the global shipping industry, including its application in ports. The purpose of this study is to measure the readiness of port management organizations in Indonesia to face this disruption, as seen from the aspects of individual employees and financial aspects influenced by the level of IT use. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach involving 65 port managers through a survey, followed by model measurement using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and critical interval measurement. The results of the study indicate that individual readiness and financial readiness have an effect on organizational readiness in facing IT disruption, with strong intervention from the level of IT use within the organization. In addition to measuring the effects on organizational readiness, this study categorizes the level of readiness of each variable of individual readiness, financial readiness, and organizational readiness. The findings of this study indicate that although the organizational readiness of the Port is categorized as good, it is still at the lower threshold. Therefore, it is necessary to improve readiness in several indicators and variables that still have sufficient values, namely the employee competency readiness variable and organizational financial readiness.

2

Military ceremony as a tool for educational transformation : Challenges in change management

Simiński Przemysław, Sochoń Edyta

Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania

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2026

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T. 21, nr 1

53--70

EN

Research objectives and hypothesis/research questions: TThe primary research objective is to analyze the role of military ceremony as a tool for educational transformation in the context of change management, with particular emphasis on identifying logistical, emotional, and cultural challenges associated with implementing educational programs based on military ceremony, and proposing change models that enable effective management of this process. The main research question asks how military ceremony can support the educational transformation process while simultaneously minimizing resistance to change. Research methods: The study employs qualitative methodology based on triangulation of sources. The research design includes analysis of subject literature, particularly reviewing change management theories (Lewin, Kotter, ADKAR) and pedagogical literature concerning defense education. An internet query was conducted to analyze informational and program materials available in the public domain. Main results: The research identified three main categories of challenges in implementing military ceremony into education: logistical challenges including infrastructure limitations, staff qualifications, and inter-institutional coordination; emotional challenges encompassing resistance from teachers and parents along with concerns about militarization of education; and cultural challenges involving perception of ceremony as anachronistic and risks of ideologization. The study demonstrated the utility of three change management models in the educational context. Lewin’s model (unfreeze-change-refreeze) provides simple conceptual frameworks, Kotter’s eight-step model enables building broad social support, and the ADKAR model facilitates managing change at the individual level. Implications for theory and practice: The research extends the application of classical change management models (Lewin, Kotter, ADKAR) to the context of defense and cultural education, demonstrating their relevance beyond traditional organizational settings. The study conceptualizes military ceremony as a living tool for educational transformation rather than merely a representative element, contributing to theoretical understanding of how traditional cultural forms can be adapted to contemporary educational challenges. The findings emphasize the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach combining pedagogical, cultural, and managerial perspectives when implementing value-based educational initiatives.

PL

Cel badań i hipotezy/pytania badawcze: Głównym celem badawczym jest analiza roli ceremoniału wojskowego jako narzędzia transformacji edukacyjnej w kontekście zarządzania zmianą, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem identyfikacji wyzwań logistycznych, emocjonalnych i kulturowych związanych z implementacją programów edukacyjnych opartych na ceremoniale wojskowym oraz zaproponowanie modeli zmian umożliwiających skuteczne zarządzanie tym procesem. Główne pytanie badawcze dotyczy tego, w jaki sposób ceremoniał wojskowy może wspierać proces transformacji edukacyjnej przy jednoczesnym minimalizowaniu oporu wobec zmian. Hipoteza badawcza zakłada, że ceremoniał wojskowy jako ugruntowany element kultury narodowej może stanowić efektywne narzędzie transformacji edukacyjnej. Metody badawcze: Badanie wykorzystuje metodologię jakościową opartą na triangulacji źródeł. Projekt badawczy obejmuje analizę literatury przedmiotu, w szczególności przegląd teorii zarządzania zmianą (Lewin, Kotter, ADKAR), oraz literatury pedagogicznej dotyczącej edukacji obronnej. Przeprowadzono kwerendę internetową w celu analizy materiałów informacyjnych i programowych dostępnych w domenie publicznej. Główne wyniki: Badania zidentyfikowały trzy główne kategorie wyzwań w implementacji ceremoniału wojskowego do edukacji. Wyzwania logistyczne obejmują ograniczenia infrastrukturalne, kwalifikacje kadry oraz koordynację międzyinstytucjonalną. Wyzwania emocjonalne dotyczą oporu ze strony nauczycieli i rodziców wraz z obawami przed militaryzacją edukacji. Wyzwania kulturowe związane są z postrzeganiem ceremoniału jako anachronizmu oraz ryzykiem ideologizacji. Badanie wykazało przydatność trzech modeli zarządzania zmianą w kontekście edukacyjnym. Model Lewina (rozmrożenie–zmiana–zamrożenie) dostarcza prostych ram koncepcyjnych, model ośmiu kroków Kottera umożliwia budowanie szerokiego poparcia społecznego, a model ADKAR ułatwia zarządzanie zmianą na poziomie indywidualnym. Implikacje dla teorii i praktyki: Badanie rozszerza zastosowanie klasycznych modeli zarządzania zmianą (Lewina, Kottera, ADKAR) na kontekst edukacji obronnej i kulturowej, wykazując ich przydatność poza tradycyjnymi środowiskami organizacyjnymi. Studium konceptualizuje ceremoniał wojskowy jako żywe narzędzie transformacji edukacyjnej, a nie jedynie element reprezentacyjny, przyczyniając się do teoretycznego zrozumienia, w jaki sposób tradycyjne formy kulturowe mogą być adaptowane do współczesnych wyzwań edukacyjnych. Ustalenia podkreślają konieczność interdyscyplinarnego podejścia łączącego perspektywy pedagogiczną, kulturową i menedżerską podczas wdrażania inicjatyw edukacyjnych opartych na wartościach. Z praktycznego punktu widzenia badanie dostarcza praktycznych wskazówek dla decydentów edukacyjnych, podkreślając znaczenie podejścia systemowego obejmującego konsultacje społeczne, szkolenie kadry oraz monitorowanie efektów. Wykazano, że liderzy szkół wymagają kompetencji w zakresie zarządzania zmianą i budowania koalicji wśród interesariuszy. Nauczyciele potrzebują odpowiedniego przygotowania merytorycznego i praktycznego do efektywnej realizacji programów zawierających elementy ceremonialne.

3

Cybersecurity management in organizations as a component of modern management systems : Integrating governance, risk, and continuous improvement

Markiewicz Izabela

Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania

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2026

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T. 21, nr 1

41--52

EN

Research objectives and hypothesis/research questions: The primary objective of this study is to identify the key success factors for embedding digital asset protection within the broader framework of corporate governance. The research is founded on the hypothesis that the effectiveness of digital protection is significantly higher in organizations where cybersecurity is managed as a strategic risk rather than a technical cost. Research methods: This study is grounded in Systems Theory and the Socio-Technical Systems (STS) perspective, which views cybersecurity as an interaction between technology, people, and organizational hierarchy. The research procedure was executed in three distinct stages: a systematic review of contemporary literature on the subject, a comparative analysis of international security frameworks (specifically ISO/IEC 27001 and NIST), and the subsequent synthesis of an integrated four-layer management model. The methodology relies on qualitative research methods, specifically qualitative content analysis of academic journals and industry standards. The research instruments utilized include standardized data extraction sheets for thematic coding and the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) framework to evaluate organizational progress. By employing these qualitative tools, the study identifies the intersection points where technical controls become strategic management assets, ensuring that the resulting model is both theoretically sound and practically applicable to modern organizations. Main results: The research concludes that a lack of executive level engagement and „siloed” IT structures are the primary barriers to effective defense, leading to the development of a four-layer model that integrates governance, end-to-end processes, performance measurement, and maturity-based continuous improvement. Implications for theory and practice: Theoretically, this study shifts the academic focus from infrastructure protection to cybersecurity governance by treating security decisions as fundamental business resource allocations. Practically, it mandates that organizations integrate digital risk into Enterprise Risk Management frameworks, prioritize cyber resilience over simple prevention, and move away from „paper-based” compliance toward a functional security culture.

PL

Cel badań i hipotezy/pytania badawcze: Głównym celem badania jest identyfikacja kluczowych czynników sukcesu w zakresie wdrażania ochrony zasobów cyfrowych w szerszych ramach ładu korporacyjnego. Badanie opiera się na hipotezie, że skuteczność ochrony cyfrowej jest znacznie wyższa w organizacjach, w których cyberbezpieczeństwo jest traktowane jako ryzyko strategiczne, a nie koszt techniczny. Metody badawcze: Badanie opiera się na teorii systemów i perspektywie systemów społeczno-technicznych (STS), która postrzega cyberbezpieczeństwo jako interakcję między technologią, ludźmi i hierarchią organizacyjną. Procedura badawcza została przeprowadzona w trzech odrębnych etapach: systematyczny przegląd współczesnej literatury przedmiotu, analiza porównawcza międzynarodowych ram bezpieczeństwa (w szczególności ISO/IEC 27001 i NIST) oraz późniejsza synteza zintegrowanego czterowarstwowego modelu zarządzania. Metodologia opiera się na jakościowych metodach badawczych, a konkretnie na jakościowej analizie treści czasopism naukowych i standardów branżowych. Wykorzystane narzędzia badawcze obejmują standardowe arkusze ekstrakcji danych do kodowania tematycznego oraz ramy zintegrowanego modelu dojrzałości organizacyjnej (Capability Maturity Model Integration, CMMI) do oceny postępów organizacyjnych. Dzięki zastosowaniu tych narzędzi jakościowych w badaniu zidentyfikowano punkty przecięcia, w których kontrole techniczne stają się strategicznymi zasobami zarządzania, zapewniając, że powstały model jest zarówno teoretycznie uzasadniony, jak i praktycznie zastosowalny w nowoczesnych organizacjach. Główne wyniki: Badania wykazały, że brak zaangażowania kadry kierowniczej oraz „silosowe” struktury IT stanowią główne przeszkody dla skutecznej ochrony, co doprowadziło do opracowania czteropoziomowego modelu integrującego zarządzanie, kompleksowe procesy, pomiar wydajności oraz ciągłe doskonalenie oparte na dojrzałości. Implikacje dla teorii i praktyki: Teoretycznie badanie to przesuwa akademickie zainteresowanie z ochrony infrastruktury na zarządzanie cyberbezpieczeństwem, traktując decyzje dotyczące bezpieczeństwa jako podstawowe alokacje zasobów biznesowych. W praktyce nakazuje organizacjom integrację ryzyka cyfrowego z ramami zarządzania ryzykiem przedsiębiorstwa (ERM), priorytetowe traktowanie odporności cybernetycznej zamiast prostej prewencji oraz odejście od „papierowej” zgodności na rzecz funkcjonalnej kultury bezpieczeństwa.

4

The use of software and IT systems in innovative enterprises – the perspective of regions in Poland

Woźniak Jacek

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2025

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Nr 91

125--151

EN

The transformation of contemporary enterprises is a complex and multifaceted process that should be integrated into their development strategy. One of the manifestations of this transformation is the tendency of enterprises to implement and actively use specific software and IT systems, such as extranets, simple spreadsheets and text editors, relational da- tabase systems, project management software, remote desktop software, CRM systems, and Business Intelligence systems. The article’s primary objective is to identify the software and IT systems used in innovative enterprises and to assess the overall complexity of this phenomenon from the perspective of Poland’s regions. The basis for the analysis is the division of Poland into regions (created by voivodeships) with various levels of innovation potential. The study used a diagnostic survey. The research technique consists of CAWI interviews conducted with a random sample of 200 respondents – business owners or managers responsible for computerization/digitization processes, innovation processes, or project management employed in companies operating in Poland’s most innovative sectors. The study covered the entire area of Poland (16 voivodeships). The CAWI questionnaire was based on respondents’ opinions, using a 5-point scale. The study revealed that the specified regions in Poland do not differ statistically in terms of the use of specific software and IT systems. Additionally, the complexity of utilizing software and IT systems in innovation processes is moderately high. The most commonly used IT solutions include email accounts, intranets, simple spreadsheets, simple text editors, and antivirus software.

PL

Transformacja współczesnych przedsiębiorstw jest działaniem złożonym i wieloaspektowym, które powinno być wpisane w strategię ich rozwoju. Jednym z przejawów wspomnianej transformacji jest skłonność przedsiębiorstw do implementacji i aktywnego stosowania określonego oprogramowania i systemów IT, np. sieci extranet, prostych ar kuszy kalkulacyjnych i edytorów tekstu, systemów relacyjnych baz danych, oprogramowania do zarządzania projektami, oprogramowania do zdalnego pulpitu czy też systemów klasy CRM i Business Intelligence. Głównym celem artykułu jest wskazanie, które oprogramowanie i systemy informatyczne są wykorzystywane w innowacyjnych przedsiębiorstwach, oraz oszacowanie ogólnej złożoności tego zjawiska w perspektywie regionów Polski. Podstawą analiz jest podział Polski na regiony (tworzone przez województwa) o różnym poziomie potencjału innowacyjnego. W badaniu zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. Technika badawcza to wywiady CAWI przeprowadzone na losowej próbie 200 respondentów – właścicieli przedsiębiorstw lub menedżerów odpowiedzialnych za procesy informatyzacji/cyfryzacji, procesy innowacyjne lub zarządzanie projektami, za trudnionych w przedsiębiorstwach prowadzących działalność w Polsce w najbardziej innowacyjnych sektorach. Badaniem objęto całą Polskę (16 województw). W kwestionariuszu ankiety CAWI bazowano na opiniach respondentów z wykorzystaniem 5-stopniowej skali. Badanie wykazało, że wyszczególnione regiony w Polsce nie różnią się między sobą statystycznie pod kątem stosowania określonego oprogramowania i systemów IT. Ponadto złożoność wykorzystania w procesach innowacyjnych określonego oprogramowania i systemów IT jest na umiarkowanie wysokim poziomie. Najczęściej stosowanymi rozwiązaniami IT są: konta mailowe, sieć intranet, proste arkusze kalkulacyjne, proste edytory tekstu, jak również oprogramowanie antywirusowe.

5

Generation Z and artificial intelligence – research directions in management science: a scientometric analysis based on Scopus

Ławińska Olga, Korombel Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2025

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Nr 91

223--246

EN

The aim of the article is to identify current and emerging research directions in management science in the area of topics linking artificial intelligence and Generation Z. The article uses scientometric analysis. Publications included in the Scopus database combining the topics of artificial intelligence and Generation Z in the area of management sciences were analysed. VOSviewer software was used for scientometric analysis. The study covered the period from 2018 to 2025 (up to and including 9.04.2025). The most frequent keywords were „social media” and „technology acceptance model”. Through a combination of cluster analysis and critical review, five research themes were identified in each cluster: Gen Z’s intention to use a technology, influenced by perceived ease of use; Generation Z’s trust and satisfaction in the use of AI tools; the impact of using augmented reality, artificial intelligence-enabled chatbots, and social media on the purchasing behaviour of Generation Z; robot implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic, often focusing on comparing customer experiences across Generations X, Y and Z; the adaptation of metaverse and service robots technologies by Generation Z in a virtual reality. The authors also identified emerging research directions. The first of them is the use of psychology theory in understanding Generation Z’s attitudes towards AI (in different relationship spheres, e.g. work, school). The second is the study of Generation Z representatives’ relationships with other users in a virtual metaverse, understood as a digital space where users can interact with other users.

PL

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja obecnych i wyłaniających się kierunków badań w naukach o zarządzaniu w obszarze tematyki łączącej sztuczną inteligencję i pokolenie Z. W pracy wykorzystano analizę scjentometryczną. Analizie zostały poddane publikacje zamieszczone w bazie danych Scopus łączące tematykę sztucznej inteligencji i pokolenia Z w obszarze nauk o zarządzaniu. Do analizy scientometrycznej wykorzystano oprogramowanie VOSviewer. Badaniem objęto okres od 2018 do 2025 r. (do 9.04.2025 włącznie). Najczęściej pojawiającymi się słowami kluczowymi były „media społecznościowe” i „model akceptacji technologii”. Dzięki połączeniu analizy klastrów i krytycznego przeglądu zidentyfikowano pięć tematów badawczych w poszczególnych klastrach: zamiar korzystania z technologii przez pokolenie Z pod wpływem postrzeganej łatwości użytkowania; zaufanie i satysfakcja pokolenia Z z korzystania z narzędzi sztucznej inteligencji; wpływ korzystania z rzeczywistości rozszerzonej, chatbotów obsługujących sztuczną inteligencję i mediów społecznościowych na zachowania zakupowe pokolenia Z; wdrażanie robotów podczas pandemii COVID-19, często koncentrujące się na porównywaniu doświadczeń klientów między pokoleniami X, Y i Z; adaptacja technologii metawersum i robotów usługowych przez pokolenie Z w wirtualnej rzeczywistości. Autorki wskazały także wyłaniające się kierunki badań. Pierwszym z nich jest wykorzystanie teorii psychologii w zrozumieniu postaw pokolenia Z względem sztucznej inteligencji (w różnych obszarach relacji, np. w pracy, szkole). Drugim natomiast jest badanie relacji przedstawicieli pokolenia Z z innymi użytkownikami w wirtualnej przestrzeni metawersum, rozumianej jako cyfrowa przestrzeń, w której użytkownicy mogą wchodzić w interakcje z innymi użytkownikami.

6

Artificial intelligence technologies in the management of higher education institutions: a scoping review

Tutko Marta Maria

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2025

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Nr 91

205--222

EN

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has brought unprecedented challenges and opportunities for higher education institutions (HEI). The possibilities of using AI technologies in specific areas of HEIs management need to be explored to keep up with the ongoing dynamic changes. For this reason, the objective of this study is to identify management levels and management subdisciplines in HEIs at which AI technologies are used. To achieve this aim, the scoping review method was chosen. Web of Science and Scopus databases were used to identify documents published 1992-2025, from which 11 publications were considered eligible for the review. Research shows that HEIs apply diverse AI technologies (e.g. machine learning, expert systems, chatbots). HEIs also utilize AI technologies at the operational level of management in the subdisciplines of quality management, knowledge management, and managerial decision support. In the case of functional level of management, human resources management and financial management and managerial accounting subdisciplines are mentioned in the sources. However, the findings also reveal that AI technologies are implemented in less than half of the identified subdisciplines. This suggests a limited and uneven adoption of AI technologies. Strikingly, the strategic level of management remains entirely absent from the reviewed literature. This gap might suggest that AI technologies are often deployed in a compartmentalized manner, rather than as part of an integrated institutional strategy. To fully harness AI’s transformative potential, HEIs should adopt a holistic approach that embeds AI technologies across all levels of management, namely strategic, operational, and functional.

PL

Rozwój technologii sztucznej inteligencji (SI) niesie ze sobą bezprecedensowe wyzwania, ale i liczne możliwości dla instytucji szkolnictwa wyższego (ISW). Aby nadążyć za dynamicznymi zmianami, konieczne jest systematyczne badanie potencjału zastosowania SI w różnych obszarach zarządzania uczelniami. Celem niniejszego badania jest identyfikacja poziomów oraz subdyscyplin zarządzania, w których technologie SI znajdują zastosowanie w szkołach wyższych. W celu realizacji tego założenia przyjęto metodę przeglądu zakresu literatury. Analizie poddano publikacje dostępne w bazach danych Web of Science i Scopus obejmujące lata 1992-2025. Do ostatecznego przeglądu zakwalifikowano 11 artykułów. Wyniki badania pokazują, że uczelnie stosują różnorodne technologie SI – takie jak uczenie maszynowe, systemy eksperckie czy chatboty – przede wszystkim na operacyjnym poziomie zarządzania, w subdyscyplinach takich jak zarządzanie jakością, zarządzanie wiedzą oraz wspomaganie decyzji kierowniczych. Na funkcjonalnym poziomie zarządzania najczęściej wykorzystywane są w subdyscyplinach zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi, zarządzania finansami i rachunkowości menedżerskiej. Wyniki wskazują, że technologie SI są stosowane w mniej niż połowie zidentyfikowanych subdyscyplin zarządzania. Świadczy to o ograniczonym i nierównomiernym wdrażaniu tych rozwiązań, a wiele potencjalnych obszarów nadal pozostaje niedostatecznie zbadanych. Co istotne, strategiczny poziom zarządzania nie pojawia się w żadnym z analizowanych dokumentów. Może to sugerować, że wdrożenia SI są często incydentalne i nieskoordynowane, zamiast stanowić element spójnej strategii instytucjonalnej. Aby w pełni wykorzystać transformacyjny potencjał sztucznej inteligencji, uczelnie wyższe powinny przyjąć holistyczne podejście obejmujące wszystkie poziomy zarządzania – strategiczny, operacyjny i funkcjonalny.

7

Motivation in employee management

Michalik Joanna

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

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nr 84 (156)

13--23

EN

Motivation is a key element of effective human resources management in virtually every industry. Properly motivated employees are more engaged, productive, and loyal to the organization. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the importance of employee motivation as a key element of the organizational management process, with particular emphasis on its impact on work efficiency, team engagement, and the achievement of operational and strategic goals. This article also examines various motivational tools and models used in selected economic sectors (i.e., services, manufacturing, utilities, and transportation). It compares motivational practices across sectors, identifying similarities and differences, and indicates which mechanisms are most effective under specific conditions, which constitutes the author’s scientific contribution. It also presents factors that influence employee motivation in enterprises across various industries. A survey has been developed for this publication, in which employees responded to questions regarding the impact of management behavior on motivation. Based on the author’s own observations and survey questions, the motivational needs of employees in a manufacturing company and the transportation industry in the Silesian Voivodeship are analyzed.

8

Development of offshore wind energy in Poland—Opportunities and threats

Kokorniak Anna, Gabriel-Półrolniczak Urszula

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

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nr 84 (156)

129--147

EN

Faced with the European Union’s growing expectations regarding the intensification of energy generation from renewable sources, Poland, like many other European countries, has encountered the enormous challenge of introducing energy produced by offshore wind farms (OWFs) into the energy market. This article aims to present the current state of development of offshore wind farms (OWFs) in Poland and to identify the main opportunities and threats associated with the further development of this sector in the domestic and international context. The direction of the current rapid investment growth in this area stems from decisions of the European Parliament and the European Council, which require intensified efforts to increase the share of energy obtained from renewable sources in the energy mix. At the same time, the creation of an energy base in the form of offshore wind farms in Poland contributes to energy diversification and improves the country’s energy security. Several projects are currently underway in the Polish Baltic Economic Zone, the largest of which include Baltica 2 and Baltica 3, led by PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna and the Danish company Ørsted. The construction of offshore wind farms encounters several barriers that hinder project implementation; however, long-term energy production can bring numerous benefits to Poland. This paper highlights the key advantages of offshore wind farm development, including Poland’s energy sovereignty, job creation, and strengthened efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The greatest threats, however, include an underdeveloped local supply chain, unpredictable legislative changes, and the risk of delays due to environmental requirements. Considering the limitations associated with the lack of production continuity and the ability to fully utilize the electricity generated by offshore wind farms, solutions for industrial-scale electricity storage are presented, including conversion to compressed air using compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology, and the conversion of electricity into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen (H2).

9

Can uncertainty shape supply chain resilience?

Marzantowicz Łukasz

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

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nr 84 (156)

115--128

EN

The main objective of this article is to demonstrate the impact of uncertainty on the resilience of supply chains. To achieve this task, a theoretical discourse is presented on both uncertainty and supply chain resilience. A survey is conducted among 160 supply chain managers and directors from around the world. The survey utilized the computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method, and the results are analyzed using the Ward agglomeration method. The findings enabled a determination of the strength of uncertainty’s impact on supply chain resilience, understood through the so-called 4A formula, which combines flexibility, adaptability, resilience, and alignment. Additionally, the article discusses whether these considerations can contribute to supply chain management, particularly in supporting decision-making processes, such as the supply chain’s response to uncertainty. This study is the author’s original work and represents their contribution to the ongoing scientific discussion on the resilience (including response) of supply chains under conditions of uncertainty.

10

Wholeness in teal organizations: qualitative research results

Chyla Justyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 224

43--59

EN

Purpose: This article aims to analyze the concept of wholeness in teal organizations and the methods used to define it in the literature. Methodology: The study employs a qualitative research design, incorporating narrative review with critical analysis, and utilizes an in-depth, semi-structured interview technique, with a total of seven interviews conducted. Findings: The literature reveals two primary approaches to interpreting wholeness: as an opportunity for self-fulfillment in the workplace, and as an authentic expression of oneself, one’s emotions, and opinions. It seems that clarification of this term is necessary. Substantial similarities were observed between initiatives aimed at fostering wholeness and those designed to enhance well-being. Research limitations/implications: The study’s limitations primarily concern the sample size used in the qualitative research, as only seven interviews were conducted. The chosen qualitative research design precludes generalization to the broader population. It would be advisable to continue the research by selecting a larger sample and including a quantitative approach. Practical implications: Further empirical research on wholeness in teal organizations is warranted. Future studies could address key issues, such as developing a reliable questionnaire to measure wholeness that meets the psychometric properties of a test (standardization, reliability, validity, normalization). In addition, experimental studies should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of programs designed to foster wholeness. Originality/value: This study represents the first attempt to analyze wholeness in teal organizations through a qualitative research lens, thereby addressing a gap in the existing literature.

11

The role of work-life-balance in effective business management

Kasperczuk Anna, Ćwiąkała Michał, Górka Ernest, Ręczajski Piotr, Mrzygłód Piotr, Frasunkiewicz Maciej, Darcińska-Głębocka Agnieszka, Piwnik Jan, Gardocki Grzegorz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 215

149--158

EN

Purpose: This paper explores the role of work-life balance (WLB) in enhancing employee motivation. It also examines how balancing professional and personal life impacts business management. Design/methodology/approach: The research used a quantitative methodology and an online survey of 102 individuals. It focused on flexible working hours, private medical care, and company cars. Findings: Flexible working hours were the most effective tool for improving WLB. A positive correlation was found between WLB perception and employee motivation. Research limitations/implications: The study is limited to a specific demographic and geographic scope. Future research could explore diverse cultural and occupational contexts. Practical implications: Flexible working hours and private medical care significantly enhance employee satisfaction. These strategies also strengthen employer branding and reduce turnover. Social implications: Promoting WLB can reduce stress and improve societal well-being. Organisations adopting WLB strategies set benchmarks for corporate social responsibility. Originality/value: This study evaluates WLB tools and their impact on employee motivation. It provides valuable insights for HR managers and organisational leaders.

12

The role of supplier evaluation in enhancing supply chain efficiency and collaboration

Żarski Wojciech, Lasocka Magdalena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 220

547--557

EN

Purpose: This paper aims to evaluate the significance of the supplier assessment process in supply chain management, with a focus on its role in improving supplier relationships and ensuring overall supply chain efficiency. The research investigates key performance criteria and their impact on collaboration with suppliers. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses a diagnostic survey method, employing an electronic questionnaire completed by 150 internal customers from six countries. The evaluation focused on 186 key suppliers representing 15% of the total supplier base. The analysis incorporated predefined scoring criteria, including price, quality, delivery timeliness, flexibility, and service quality. Results were categorized to inform subsequent supplier management actions. Findings: The majority of suppliers (74%) fell into the average performance group, while only 1% exceeded expectations. However, 25% of key suppliers performed below expectations, highlighting areas requiring corrective action. The findings underscore the importance of supplier assessment as a critical auxiliary process that influences supplier collaboration and the effectiveness of the supply chain. Research limitations/implications: The research focuses on a single company within the TSL (Transport-Forwarding-Logistics) sector and a limited regional supplier base. Future studies could explore cross-industry supplier assessments and develop frameworks for broader application. Practical implications: The research provides actionable insights for supply chain managers, emphasizing the need for regular supplier evaluations. It recommends strategies for improving relationships with underperforming suppliers and reducing reliance on those with consistently low scores. These practices can enhance supply chain reliability and operational efficiency. Social implications: The study indirectly promotes sustainable supply chain practices by encouraging accountability and collaboration among suppliers. Improved supplier performance can contribute to better resource utilization and adherence to quality and environmental standards. Originality/value: This paper highlights the supplier assessment process as a strategic tool for supply chain optimization. It offers a practical framework for evaluating and managing suppliers, providing value to academics, supply chain professionals, and policymakers aiming to improve supply chain performance and resilience.

13

The role and situation of women in business

Kwiecień Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 228

323--332

EN

Purpose: Drawing attention to the situation and role of women in business. Women are a valuable element of human capital that can change and enhance the effectiveness of management of entities thanks to their abilities, skills and flexibility. Therefore, the aim of this study is to demonstrate the significant and growing role of women in management and to identify the current situation and position of women in enterprises in the light of previous research. Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on a critical analysis of literature and Internet sources, including reports from previously conducted research on the role of women in management. Findings: The considerations presented in this study have shown that women usually have a specific, feminine management style that is more relationship-oriented and democratic, which fits the current situation. Women seem to be more efficient in solving problems; they adopt a more interpersonal leadership style, but they usually fail to enter the management boards of companies. They occupy management positions at lower levels of the structure. There are many reasons for this situation. Practical implications: The theoretical considerations are supported by the results of national and global research on the role and position of women in management. Thanks to this, it is confirmed that women, along with their management style and many specific skills and competencies, still do not have an equal position with men in the context of the positions they hold and the roles they play. Making everyone aware of the potential of introducing gender diversity into organizations can convince company boards to change the structure of employment and ultimately improve the situation of women. Social implications: Recognising the specific character of the female approach to management and the typical characteristics and competences of women should raise awareness of the issues of the current perception and position of women in management as well as raise awareness of the multi-faceted beneficial socio-economic consequences of greater women's involvement. Originality/value: This study presents the assets of women and their management style, but above all it draws attention to the need for changes in the approach to women’s involvement and in the assessment of their various social roles, which is necessary to achieve long-term positive changes.

14

The education of engineers, entrepreneurs, construction managers and environmental engineers at the university of Bielsko-Biala – survey research

Myrczek Józef, Tworek Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 217

341--352

EN

Purpose: The paper aims to outline the findings from a questionnaire survey conducted among students of Construction and Environmental Engineering programmes at the University of Bielsko-Biała. In particular, the paper discusses the application of teaching methods in the education of engineers, entrepreneurs, construction managers and environmental engineers. Its purpose is also to highlight the advantages and the drawbacks of the selected teaching methods; its aim is to present the selected methodical aspects of the discussed issues. Design/methodology/approach: Due to the nature of the publication, it mainly focuses on the results of the survey carried out among students of Construction and Environmental Engineering programmes at the University of Bielsko-Biała, i.e. engineers, entrepreneurs, construction managers and environmental engineers. The research covered students of undergraduate and graduate programmes who, in most cases, had already been in employment and acquired hands-on experience in their fields. The survey used questionnaires as the basic research technique. The questionnaires followed up a review of scholarly literature. The paper uses the fundamentals of deduction and synthesis. At the same time, in the publication the authors drew on their own knowledge and experience gained when educating attendees of technical and business programmes. Findings: The paper constitutes an empirical verification of the knowledge presented in the scholarly literature. It addresses the selected methodical aspects of the discussed issues. Research limitations/implications: The presented research concerned the selected teaching methods. It covered a relatively small group of students. The vast majority of the respondents had already been working in organisations, i.e. these were mostly students attending extramural programmes. Practical implications: The findings of the empirical research, referred to in the publication, may serve as a starting point for any efforts aiming to improve the range of methods used when educating students attending technical programmes but also managerial and business ones. Arguably, the knowledge conveyed to engineers and engineer-entrepreneurs i.e. individuals who are often at the helm of organisations, must be based on practical aspects. Originality/value: The paper is an attempt to cast light onto the process of educating future engineers as well as managers in charge of organisations (construction, environmental engineering) by a technical university. The research findings should help us to improve the teaching methods used in these areas. This is particularly important as the main issues discussed in the paper are presented predominantly from students' perspectives. The paper also addresses the advantages and the drawbacks of the teaching methods used at the time when e-learning was the main formula i.e. during the Covid-19 pandemic and the post-pandemic period.

15

Sucession process in listed family companies - current status and further research directions

Majda-Kariozen Aleksandra

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 218

489--507

EN

Purpose: The author of this publication tried to verify the advancement of the management and ownership process of succession in family companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). Especially knowing that the first succession process is the most difficult and most of listed family companies should be in period of planning or implementing it. Design/methodology/approach: The presented conclusions from the empirical analyses are to be used to estimate the level of advancement of the succession process in family companies listed on the WSE in accordance with the theoretical basis presenting succession through the prism of the process. Findings: The verification of the research projects showed that the vast majority of family companies listed on the WSE have not completed the succession process. Companies that have completed the management succession are rare, however no company has been identified that has completed the succession of ownership. Additionally, a quite significant level of generality was indicated in relation to the presented research work in the indicated area. Research limitations/implications: The presented research results are based on different definitions of family companies, which results in a different number of entities covered by the empirical analysis and makes it difficult to draw overall conclusions. Despite that none of the presented research results verified the announcement of the succession plan in the corporate documents. It should also be noted that all the presented results of the conducted empirical analyzes focused on the verification of the intra-family succession. Practical implications: Referring to the presented data it can be noticed that despite the passage of time, there is no significant progress in the succession process in family companies listed on the WSE. The people holding management control and ownership are still senior males. Therefore these data seem to be alarming. Originality/value: To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first scientific study presenting in one place the aggregated results of research which show the level of advancement of the succession process in family companies listed on the WSE from 2017 to 2024, taking into account the theoretical foundations presenting succession through the prism of the process.

16

Social aspect of management in local government units

Roman Magdalena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 220

237--246

EN

Purpose: The primary objective of this article is to conduct an in-depth analysis of sustainable development within the framework of local government management in Poland. The concept of sustainable development is examined across three fundamental dimensions: social, economic, and environmental. This study specifically addresses the social dimension, providing a focused analysis of its implementation. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing upon a comprehensive literature review, the research posits the following hypothesis: Which areas of local government management are instrumental in the implementation of the social dimension of sustainable development? Findings: Sustainability is an important element of management in local government units. Research limitations/implications: It is limited to discussing only the main social aspects of management in local government. Practical implications: The social aspects of management in local government are playing an increasingly important role in local government in Poland. Social implications: Social and environmental education. Originality/value: The article systematizes the concepts of management and sustainability in local government in Poland.

17

Selected methods for measuring market and sector globalization and enterprise internationalization

Kuraś Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 224

255--281

EN

Purpose: This paper aims to identify and describe the methods for measuring the level of globalization of national economies and sectors, as well as the level of internationalization of the business activities of manufacturing enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is of a theoretical nature. The literature review served as the starting point, allowing for the assessment of the current state of knowledge on measuring globalization and internationalization. This allowed for the formulation of the research problem. Findings: There is no single, universally recognized and accepted way to measure globalization, either at the level of economies or sectors. Globalization is a complex, complicated and multidimensional process. Researchers propose qualitative approaches, while quantitative measurement concepts are also known and developed. The level of internationalization is most often studied through the prism of either geographical scope or the degree of foreign involvement in particular activities. Research limitations and implications: The research systematizes and synthesizes scientific knowledge in measuring the processes of globalization and internationalization. The main limitation of this research is that, due to the complexity of the studied phenomena and the nature of this article, it is not possible to provide a comprehensive analysis or exhaustive description. The paper presents only the most useful attempts to formally describe these, after all, qualitative economic phenomena. Practical and social implications: The article is addressed mainly to the scientific community. The methods presented here can be a starting point for discovering new relationships and interdependencies. For example, the relationship between the level of internationalization and corporate performance can be studied. The results of such research can help managers make decisions about the scope and intensity of a company's foreign operations. Originality and value: The originality of the research lies in the attempt to systematize and synthesize the scattered scientific studies on measuring the internationalization of enterprises and the globalization of sectors and economies. The conclusions of this paper contribute to a better understanding of these phenomena.

18

Reasons for implementing innovation on the example of small and medium enterprises

Piersiala Luiza, Kapler Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 216

423--434

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to determine the factors determining the introduction of innovations in the enterprise, as well as the way the company is perceived as innovative by employees. Design/methodology/approach: In pursuit of this goal, the first one presents the level of innovation of the Polish economy compared to other European Union countries. Then, the results of research on enterprises from the SME sector are presented. The data show that Poland is one of the least of the literature on the subject and research results, the reasons for implementing innovations in enterprises were indicated Findings: Most often, the surveyed respondents did not agree or rather disagreed that legal regulations are the reason for introducing innovations in the company (86.7% of responses), followed by reasons such as: "the desire to reduce costs" (48% of responses) and "the desire to increase the company's efficiency" (29.3% of responses). Most often, the respondents did not have an opinion that reasons such as: "forcing innovations by contractors" (61.3%), "market needs" (52.0%) and "the desire to increase the company's efficiency" (51.3%) are the reasons for introducing innovations in the company. Most often, the respondents agreed or rather agreed with reasons for introducing innovations in the company such as: "the desire to increase profits" (80.7%), "expanding the sales market" (80.0%) and "meeting the competition on the market" (69.3%). Originality/value: Innovation is a tool supporting sustainable development. Only entities operating in a modern and innovative way gain a competitive advantage. The considerations contained in the article concern the perception of the company as innovative by employees and indication of the reasons for implementing innovations. The survey included enterprises representing the group of small and medium-sized enterprises, the so-called SMEs. The article is part of research on innovation in information systems in small and medium-sized enterprises

19

Quality management as a result of the development of human thought

Czernecki-Wilczyńska Marta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 221

75--87

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is to systematise the view of the human being from antiquity to modern times, to consider how anthropological philosophy can influence the discipline of quality management sciences in companies, and to demonstrate that the mentioned disciplines of sciences directly influence each other and how the human being is an important factor in the quality management process. Design/methodology/approach: The human being can be considered as a common point of reference for philosophy and quality management science. The paper is a literature review of the achievements of philosophy regarding the human being and an attempt to link the quality management sciences with philosophy (philosophical anthropology). Findings: Thanks to the development of philosophy, man is no longer treated merely as an element of a larger, complex whole or mechanism in which he acts as a mode. He is an individual, endowed with unique predispositions which, if properly managed, can bring enormous benefits not only to himself, but also to the working environment in which he functions and in his private life. Originality/value: Considering quality and quality management in the context of a philosophy changes the perspective of how people are perceived in the work environment. The combination of quality management science and philosophy can allow a completely different dimension of business management to be discovered.

20

Process orientation in project management in companies of the installation and assembly industry

Koć Tomasz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 221

265--275

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the current situation in the management of companies in the installation and assembly industry in the context of process orientation. Design/methodology/approach: The scope of the article relates to the literature search and the analysis of the situation conducted in companies in the industry. Key aspects in the approach to project management processes that occur in companies in the installation and assembly industry were presented. Findings: Conclusions on the prospects of using the process approach in companies in the installation and assembly industry were presented. Current solutions and proposals for new implementations were also mentioned. The benefits of introduction and application of process orientation in project management at companies in the above-mentioned industry were indicated. Practical implications: The article outlines assumptions and the essence of process orientation, and presents practical application in companies Originality/value: The article focuses on the installation and assembly industry, which is relatively little researched scientifically. The paper is addressed primarily to practitioners implementing projects in the industry and the scientific community dealing with this issue.