Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Wstrząs w ogóle i szczególe

Królikowski Jerzy

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

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2023

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nr 3

8--9

2

Satelity pod strzechy!

Królikowski J.

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

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2018

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nr 2

20--23

3

Skartować Armagedon

Królikowski J.

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

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2011

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nr 4

8-11

4

W 10 dni dookoła świata

Bęcek K.

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

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2006

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nr 5

22-25

5

Mapa Narwiańskiego Parku Narodowego - integracja satelitarnych i lotniczych danych obrazowych

Lewiński S., Zagajewski B.

Teledetekcja Środowiska

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2004

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T. 33

45-51

EN

The increasing volume of satellite data encourages the search for the increasingly advanced and better methods of processing and amalgamation of information originating from various sources. The paper presents the methodology of elaboration of the satellite map. The research area is the Narew River National Park along with the surrounding protective zone, located in the northeast of Poland. The source materials used include satellite (Landsat TM 5) and aerial data. Elaboration of the report gave rise to the necessity of solving a number of methodological questions and the nature-related interpretation of the images processed. Thus, in order to obtain the image of the colours close to the natural ones, an original method was applied of amalgamating colour compositions of the satellite images. The Landsat TM 5 imagery and the colour-infrared photomap were transformed to the form, which would be a sum of information on vegetation, soil, built-up area and the remaining elements of surface cover. The schedule of the project was as follows (Fig. 1): - analysis and selection of the appropriate RGB colour compositions of the Landsat TM colour photographs for the particular classes of land cover and the surroundings of the Park; - implementation of the Tasselled Cap Transformation of Landsat TM image; - empirical determination of the values of the "greenness" channel, related to the selected land cover forms, expressed with the RGB colour compositions (3,2,1) and (2,4,3) of the Landsat TM imagery; - association of the (3,2,1) and (2,4,3) compositions with application of the masks of the values (0,1), determined on the basis of the "greenness" channel; - application of the IHS transformation to the amalgamation of the satellite colour composition with the PC1 obtained on the basis of colour-infrared photograph; - establishment of the vector information layers: boundaries of the Narew RNP, roads, railways, and main settlement centres; establishment of the legend of the map containing such items as: damaged-, coniferous forest, damaged-, deciduous forest, thicket, meadow, pasture, arable land, arable land with a vegetation cover, built-up area, river and drain; - printout of the map on a high-resolution printer. Owing to the application of a number of transformations, including the original method of associating various colour compositions, the fundamental objective was attained, namely elaboration of the colour Satellite Map of the Narew National Park at the 1:25,000 scale, allowing to discern the areas damaged or threatened with degradation. The specific character of the protected area required application of the algorithm that would make it possible to present the condition of the vegetation. The presented map is a spectacular example of associating the satellite and aerial data for the purpose of obtaining a detailed image of the Earth's surface.

6

Zastosowanie transformacji RGB → IHS w przetwarzaniu zdjęć satelitarnych

Lewiński S.

Teledetekcja Środowiska

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2001

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T. 32

138--142

EN

The main goal of this article is to introduce the issues connected with application of RGB → IHS transformation for the purposes of merging images of different spatial resolution as well as presentation of the method of producing RGB (4, 5, 3) colour composite from LISS-III images. Variety of accessible satellite data makes possible to merge pictures. In case of optical scanners, multispectral and high-resolution panchromatic images are used. The techniques of merging are mainly used during preparation of satellite maps, the scale of which is strictly connected with the required level of detail. The idea of merging is base on obtaining a new image, which has colour of RGB composite while still preserves a great level of detail characteristic for panchromatic image. Algorithms of different level of complexity are used within process of merging satellite images. One of the most common methods of merging images is based on RGB → IHS transformation. It focuses on transformation of RGB composite into IHS colour model, replacing "I" (Intensity) channel with panchromatic image and after that reconstructing RGB composite. IHS method was used at Institute of Geodesy and Cartography to create satellite maps in a scale of 1:50 000 and 1:25 000 on the basıs of SPOT SX and KVR-1000, LANDSAT TM, LISS-III and PAN IRS images. The rule of RGB → IHS transformation was implemented to create a method of producing RGB (4, 5, 3) composite from Indian LISS-III image. A commonly used method in remote sensing, RGB (4, 5, 3) composite, obtained on the basis of LISS-III image is characterised by low level of detail caused by low resolution of the 5th channel (70 m). It causes serious problems when creating satellite maps or merging LISS-III images with LANDSAT TM images. The procedure is based on (4, 5, 3) and (2, 3, 4) RGB composites. The (2, 3, 4) composite solely consists of channels of higher resolution (23 m). Both RGB images are transformed to IHS system of colours. Channel "I" (Intensity) of (4, 5, 3) composite is replaced with „I” channel of (2, 3, 4) composite. After this change, IHS → RGB transformation is used to reconstruct RGB image. A processed (4, 5, 3) composite is characterised by the colours of the original composite and the degree of detail of (2, 3, 4) composite. In this way you can eliminate the influence of low resolution of the 5th channel using solely data from LISSIII scanner. The above mentioned technique of processing LISS-III images has been implemented in preparation of satellite map of Opole province.

7

Informacja teledetekcyjna w zasilaniu baz danych o obszarach chronionych Euroregionu Karpackiego

Drelich I.

Fotointerpretacja w Geografii. Problemy Telegeoinformacji

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2000

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T. 31

46--81

EN

The remote sensing is a very important source of information about the environment. The continuous technique development brings about developing new data acquisition methods. The range of remote sensing information is very wide. It is acknowledged that an object-oriented database is the best structure to put information in order. This research aims to evaluate the usefulness of remote sensing information in the process of adding environmental information to a database. The database created during the course of this study organises the information on the protected areas of the Carpathian Euroregion. An Euroregion is a structure made up of local-governmental authorities of neighbouring countries that co-operate with one another on a voluntary basis. This co-operation involves considering such issues as environmental protection, traffic facilities development, spatial planning, tourism, culture, catastrophe protection, health protection, and restructuring of industry and agriculture. The important part of the environmental protection is the nature conservation. The Carpathian Euroregion was established in 1993. lt covers an area of some 141 000 square kilometres with a population of over 15 million people (see Table 1). Figure 2 shows the scope of the Carpathian Euroregion territory. There are different environmental protection systems in each part of it, however, these systems have a lot in common. The most important forms of the protected areas are national and landscape parks (Fig. 12). A national park covers an area of over 1000 ha. Its ecosystems are not changed by human activities and they are valuable because of their environmental and scientific assets. All activities taking place within a national park territory are conformed to the biodiversity preservation. However, the scientific research projects, education and recreation activities are permitted there. A landscape park is another form of the protected areas. It can be inhabited by the people who lived and worked there before establishing the park. These people may possess farms and undertake small businesses within the landscape park territory. Education and recreation activities are also permitted there. Nonetheless, biodiversity conservation and landscape forms protection take priority over any other activities in a landscape park. Moreover, a very important role of such an area is the protection of history and culture monuments. There are 7 national parks (number 1-7) and 21 landscapе parks in the Carpathian Euroregion. There is also the International Biosphere Reserve „The Eastern Carpathian” in the central part of the Carpathian (Fig. 15). National and landscape parks cover 5% of the whole Euroregion territory. In this research only two types of remote sensing materials were used: (1) satellite image TM and (2) panchromatic aerial photos. At first, the satellite image of the Carpathian Euroregion was processed on the basis of digital data from Landsat TM, bands 4, 5, 3 (see Table 2), and using the satellite image NOAA as a background. The satellite image of the Carpathian Euroregion was processed to differentiate the natural environment from the urbanised areas (Fig. 16). Moreover, the boundaries of national and landscape parks were added to it. The satellite image of the International Reserve „The Eastern Carpathian" showed the situation of the six protected areas in this region (Fig. 14). Using remote sensing information makes it possible to learn about the state of the natural environment and the antropoghenic threats to protected areas. In this research two methods of data acquisition: digital and photointerpretation were applied. The false colours composition Landsat TM was a very important source of the data on the protected areas. Using band 3 (red spectral range) and band 4 (near infrared spectral range) the researcher obtained plants differentiation based on NDVI indicator (Fig. 17). Using bands 4 and 5 (middle infrared spectral range) the researcher obtained TM5/TM4 indicator which shows damaged and undamaged forests (Fig. 18). For the purpose of researching land cover in a small region, panchromatic aerial photos were used (Fig. 19, 20). These photos provided more detail information on the state of the natural environment and the anthropogenic threats to protected areas (see Table 4). The database scheme of national and landscape parks was made on the basis of the remote sensing information. It consists of three parts: general information, environmental information, and methods of data acquisitions (Fig. 23). Finally, the usefulness of the remote sensing information was evaluated in this study. At the first stage the technique parameters of remote sensing materials were considered (see Table 5), and at the second stage these materials were evaluated in terms of land cover classes, environmental processes, and threats to the protected areas (see Table 6, 7). The conclusion is that both types of the remote sensing materials provided a lot of environmental information. The satellite image was a source of information about large areas, e.g. big forests, water reservoirs, rivers, a scheme of relief. It was also possible to acquire data on the environmental conditions. On the contrary, the aerial photos depicted smaller parts of the region. They gave more detail information about the environment, e.g. afforested areas, woodland cleanings, tourist routs. These two types of materials are sources of different information and it is for this reason that they can be used for the database of the protected areas of the Carpathian Euroregion.

8

Mapy satelitarne województwa opolskiego i dolnośląskiego

Lewiński S., Goljaszewski Z., Skocki Z.

Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji

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2000

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Vol. 10

51-1--51-6

PL

Pod koniec roku 1999 w Instytucie Geodezji i Kartografii powstały mapy satelitarne województwa opolskiego i dolnośląskiego.Na podstawie indyjskich zdjęć satelitarnych zarejestrowanych skanerem LISS-III opracowano mapy województwa opolskiego w skali 1:100 000 i 1:200 000. Kompozycje barwne utworzone z 4, 5 i 3 kanału spektralnego zostały przetworzone przy zastosowaniu metody pozwalającej na uzyskanie szczegółowego obrazu powierzchni ziemi, mimo udziału w obrazie 5-go kanału o niskiej rozdzielczości. Mapę województwa dolnośląskiego wykonano w skali 1:100 000 na podstawie pięciu scen zdjęć Landsat TM.

9

The possibilities of cartographic presentation of the structure of land use of agricultural terrain in suburban areas using aerial photographs and satellite images

Iracka M., Rudnicki W.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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1998

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no. 2

31-45

EN

The article deals with the problem of using aerial and satellite photographs in order to enrich the content of topographical maps in agricultural areas. Such information is particularly valuable for suburban districts of large towns. In these areas there is a strong anthropopression on agricultural areas which are attractive for building villas and other forms of land use for the needs of the dynamically developing town. The process of dividing agricultural land into small plots in areas adjacent to the town and the transformation of their use from agricultural to another is possible to observe and control to a large degree on the basis of interpretation and analysis of actual aerial photographs and satellite images.

PL

W artykule poruszone jest zagadnienie wykorzystania zdjęć lotniczych i satelitarnych do wzbogacania treści map topograficznych na terenach rolniczych. Szczególnie cenne są takie informacje dla obszarów podmiejskich dużych miast. Na takich obszarach bowiem wywierana jest silna antropopresja na tereny rolnicze, które stanowią atrakcyjną przestrzeń dla zabudowy willowej i innych form użytkowania terenu dla potrzeb dynamicznie rozwijającego się miasta. Proces rozdrabniania działek na terenach rolniczych przylegających do miasta oraz przekształcania ich użytkowania z rolniczego na inne jest w znacznej mierze możliwy do obserwacji i kontroli na podstawie interpretacji i analizy aktualnych zdjęć lotniczych i satelitarnych. Połączenie informacji fotomap i map satelitarnych z informacjami zawartymi na mapach topograficznych daje niezrównanie bogatszą i bardziej aktualną informację dla potrzeb oceny zagospodarowania terenu i planowania przestrzennego niż tradycyjne kreskowe materiały kartograficzne. Dla udowodnienia tej tezy rozpatrzono dwa przykładowe fragmenty podmiejskich terenów Warszawy zobrazowane kolejno: raz na mapie satelitarnej i mapie topograficznej oraz na mapie satelitarnej połączonej z mapą topograficzną, drugi raz zaś na zdjęciu lotniczym, mapie topograficznej i zdjęciu lotniczym połączonym z mapą topograficzną.