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1

Zbiorniki wodne w miejsce wyrobisk pokopalnianych

Stachowski Piotr

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2024

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T. 28, nr 1

185--192

PL

Wodny kierunek rekultywacji zazwyczaj stwarza nowe możliwości ekspansji przyrody, szczególnie w obszarach o ubogiej sieci rzecznej, pozbawionej dużych naturalnych zbiorników wodnych. Nowy akwen może stać się istotnym wzbogaceniem środowiska przyrodniczego, podnosząc walory krajobrazowe, czy zwiększając bioróżnorodność. Wraz z budową zbiornika wzrasta lokalny poziom retencji, zwiększa się nawilgocenie gleb, korzystnej zmianie ulega mikroklimat przylegających obszarów. Godząc wymogi przyrodnicze z rekreacyjnymi tworzy się wielofunkcyjne zbiorniki wodne, wzmagając a czasem inicjując ruch turystyczny i ożywienie gospodarcze terenu. Taki kierunek prac staje się obecnie najbardziej pożądanym tak przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego, jak i wymagania społeczne po dominujących w poprzednich latach kierunkach rekultywacji leśnej i rolniczej, odtwarzających warunki poprzedzające eksploatację. W pracy przedstawiono efekty wykonanych i planowanych prac związanych z rekultywacją wyrobisk pogórniczych w kierunku wodnym, na przykładzie odkrywek należących do dawnej Kopalni Węgla Brunatnego „Adamów”. Aktualnie łączną powierzchnię najważniejszych istniejących i planowanych zbiorników pokopalnianych ocenia się na 3710 ha. Najbardziej istotnym elementem zbiorników są zgromadzone w nich zasoby wodne. W zbiornikach gotowych wynoszą one nieco ponad 106 mln m3 a ponad 390 mln m3 w zbiornikach znajdujących się obecnie w końcowej fazie napełniania. Po zakończeniu rekultywacji terenów górniczych w kierunku wodnym we wszystkich byłych odkrywkach węgla brunatnego wschodniej Wielkopolski zostanie zgromadzonych ponad 900 mln m3 wody. Nastąpi to pod koniec trzeciej dekady obecnego wieku, zaledwie około 40 lat od czasu utworzenia pierwszego zbiornika. Świadczy to o pozytywnych i rozległych zmianach hydrologicznych, które zasadniczo zmienią ukształtowanie sieci wodnej we wschodniej części Wielkopolski, co ma także znaczenie dla odtwarzania różnorodności biologicznej.

EN

The water direction of reclamation usually creates new opportunities for the expansion of nature, especially in areas with a poor river network, devoid of large natural water reservoirs. A new body of water can become a significant enrichment of the natural environment, improving landscape values or increasing biodiversity. Along with the construction of a reservoir, the local level of retention increases, soil moisture increases, and the microclimate of adjacent areas changes favorably. By reconciling natural and recreational requirements, multifunctional water reservoirs are created, increasing and sometimes initiating tourist traffic and economic revival of the area. This direction of work is currently becoming the most desirable by both local government units and social requirements after the dominant directions of forest and agricultural reclamation in previous years, recreating conditions preceding exploitation. The paper presents the effects of completed and planned works related to the reclamation of post-mining excavations in the water direction, using the example of open pits belonging to the former Brown Coal Mine "Adamów". Currently, the total area of the most important existing and planned post-mining reservoirs is estimated at 3710 ha. The most important element of the reservoirs is the water resources accumulated in them. In the finished reservoirs, they amount to slightly over 106 million m3 and over 390 million m3 in the reservoirs currently in the final phase of filling. After the completion of the reclamation of mining areas in the water direction, over 900 million m3 of water will be accumulated in all the former lignite open pits in eastern Wielkopolska. This will happen at the end of the third decade of the current century, only about 40 years after the creation of the first reservoir. This indicates positive and extensive hydrological changes that will fundamentally change the shape of the water network in the eastern part of Wielkopolska, which is also important for the restoration of biodiversity.

2

Integrating advanced approaches for climate change impact assessment on water resources in arid regions

Abdullaeva Barno S.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 60

149--156

EN

This research addresses the growing complexity and urgency of climate change’s impact on water resources in arid regions. It combines advanced climate modelling, machine learning, and hydrological modelling to gain profound insights into temperature variations and precipitation patterns and their impacts on the runoff. Notably, it predicts a continuous rise in both maximum and minimum air temperatures until 2050, with minimum temperatures increasing more rapidly. It highlights a concerning trend of decreasing basin precipitation. Sophisticated hydrological models factor in land use, vegetation, and groundwater, offering nuanced insights into water availability, which signifies a detailed and comprehensive understanding of factors impacting water availability. This includes considerations of spatial variability, temporal dynamics, land use effects, vegetation dynamics, groundwater interactions, and the influence of climate change. The research integrates data from advanced climate models, machine learning, and real-time observations, and refers to continuously updated data from various sources, including weather stations, satellites, ground-based sensors, climate monitoring networks, and stream gauges, for accurate basin discharge simulations (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency - NSERCP2.6 = 0.99, root mean square error - RMSERCP2.6 = 1.1, and coefficient of determination R2RCP2.6 = 0.95 of representative concentration pathways 2.6 (RCP)). By uniting these approaches, the study offers valuable insights for policymakers, water resource managers, and local communities to adapt to and manage water resources in arid regions.

3

Wpływ zmiany klimatu na przyszłość zasobów wodnych w Polsce

Kundzewicz Zbigniew

Gospodarka Wodna

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2024

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Nr 1

15--19

PL

W artykule zawarto analizę wpływu zmiany klimatu na przyszłość zasobów wodnych w Polsce. Przedstawiono mechanizmy dawnych zmian klimatu oraz omówiono obserwacje obecnie zachodzącej zmiany klimatu i projekcje na przyszłość. Zmiana klimatu wpływa na zaostrzenie trzech kategorii problemów wodnych w Polsce, związanych z nadmiarem, niedoborem i złą jakością wody. Zmiana klimatu jest więc dodatkowym czynnikiem komplikującym już istniejące problemy, które musi rozwiązać gospodarka wodna. Gospodarka wodna wymaga racjonalnego układu instytucjonalnego, dobrych i stabilnych regulacji prawnych oraz mądrych decyzji politycznych. Pokazano szereg istniejących niedostatków w tym względzie, które pilnie wymagają przemyślenia.

EN

The article constitutes an analysis of the impact of the climate change on the future of water resources of Poland. It presents mechanisms of past climate changes and discusses observations related to the current climate change process and forecasts for the future. The climate change contributes to the exacerbation of three categories of water problems in Poland, namely those related to the excess, shortage and poor quality of water. The climate change constitutes therefore an additional factor complicating the already existing problems to be solved by water management. Water management requires rational institutional system, good and stable legal regulations and wise political decisions. The author presents a series of shortcomings in this regard, to be urgently reflected upon.

4

Water Quality Index and Health Risks in a Peruvian High Andean River

Sánchez-Araujo Víctor, Portuguez-Maurtua Marcelo, Palomino-Pastrana Pedro, Escobar-Soldevilla Mabel, Sáez-Huamán Wilfredo, Chávez-Araujo Elmer, Llahuilla-Quea Jose Antonio, López-Alvarado Rommel Luis, Chávez-Juanito Yuli Anabel, Contreras-López Eliana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 6

301--315

EN

Water quality in rivers is affected as it passes through urban areas; this situation can be improved with good management of water resources. High Andean rivers require further studies to indicate their quality status. In addition, it is important to estimate the health risks associated with exposure to contaminants in the river water. Therefore, it is proposed to assess the water quality index (WQI) using the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) model and the health risks in the urban section of the Ichu River in Peru. Six monitoring points were selected in the section of the Ichu River that includes the urbanized part of the city of Huancavelica. The sample was taken during the months of February to April 2021. Critical parameters were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis as principal components and cluster test. In addition, Pearson’s correlation test was performed, and the water quality status was evaluated using the WQI-NSF model. The Ichu River was of “bad” quality, unfit for human consumption, and confirming the impact of the population on water quality. The WQI-NSF model could be useful for high Andean watercourses suffering from anthropogenic deterioration of quality, with illegal effluent discharges and poor sanitation. There is a high health risk due to fecal coliform contamination from sewage discharges into the river. In addition, the total hazard index indicated that contaminants are causing negative health effects in adult males at a low risk level (risk 2), adult females at a moderate risk level (risk 3), and children at a negligible risk level (risk 1). With the help of this study, an appropriate management plan can be put in place to restore the ecological integrity of the Ichu River.

5

The Impact of Heavy Metals on the Quality of Drinking Water in Some Villages of the Shala of Bajgora Mountain Massif – Kosovo

Kelmendi Mensur, Mulliqi Ismet, Kadriu Sadija, Mehana Yllka, Sinani Berat

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 6

208--219

EN

Given that the Shala of Bajgora mountain massif geographically extends over a territory already known for its mineral wealth, where heavy metals predominantly dominate, the groundwater and surface waters that traverse this part of Kosovo’s territory are in the vast majority of cases seriously contaminated with these metals. As a result of this pollution, the inhabitants of these 33 villages of this mountain massif, to varying degrees, both in the past and today, continue to face significant health problems, as the water they consume for drinking is taken from wells and natural sources of these settlements. Knowing the role that water plays in the health of humans and other living beings, our study object focuses on researching, analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting the actual condition of the presence or absence of heavy metals in the waters of some villages of this mountain massif. To ascertain the real condition of the quality of these waters, we have designated several monitoring points - representative, from where we will gather the necessary information about the state of these waters. To be as objective as possible in the analysis of water samples, we have applied classic (volumetric) and instrumental methods of chemical analysis. The results obtained were compared with the reference values of the EU Directive and the Administrative Instruction of Kosovo. The analyses have shown the presence beyond reference values of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ni in some of the sampling sites.

6

Improved variable scale optimisation algorithm in water saving landscape design and its application

Xiao Kang, Li Huizi, Xue Mei, Chen Yu

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2024

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Vol. 31, nr 3

411--424

EN

With the acceleration of urbanisation, the problem of water resource shortage is becoming increasingly serious. Currently, the water use situation in Chinese cities is severe and the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources is prominent, which has become one of the main factors restricting sustainable development of cities. Traditional research on water-saving landscape design focuses mainly on the analysis of the efficiency of water resource utilisation within a single area or city. The scope of the research is limited and the research methods are individual, which cannot fully meet the current needs of sustainable urban water-saving landscape design. The improved variable scale optimisation algorithm has become an indispensable tool in modern landscape design and would play a more important role in landscape design and ecological environment protection in the future. In response to the shortcomings of traditional variable-scale optimisation algorithms in solving the optimisation problem of water-saving landscape design for ecological sustainable development, this article would use an improved variable-scale optimisation algorithm to study the water-saving landscape design for ecological sustainable development in Community X, City B, Province A. The research results indicated that there were three experts who rated the effect of the water saving landscape design of the first group of designers as good or above, accounting for 37.5 %. The number of people who rated the effectiveness of water-saving landscape design in the second group as good or higher was 8, representing 100 %. The improved variable-scale optimisation algorithm could effectively improve the application of water-saving landscape design in ecological sustainable development.

7

Ślad wodny jako kryterium wpływu człowieka na środowisko

Królikowska Jadwiga

Technologia Wody

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2023

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Nr 3 (81)

41-44

PL

Ślad wodny jest wielowymiarowym wskaźnikiem oznaczającym objętość wody zużytej, umownie nazywanej wodą niebieską, zieloną i szarą. W pracy odniesiono o się do śladu wodnego z perspektywy marnowania żywności. Marnowanie żywności to globalny problem, którego skala każdego roku wzrasta.

EN

The water footprint is a multidimensional indicator of the volume of water used, conventionally referred to as blue, green and gray water. The paper refers to the water footprint from the perspective of food waste. Food waste is a global problem, the ale of which increases every year.

8

Problemy z transpozycją nowej DWD 2020/2184 do prawa polskiego

Zimoch Izabela, Mulik Barbara

Technologia Wody

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2023

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Nr 1 (79)

59-61

9

Badania geofizyczne w rozwiązywaniu problemów cywilizacyjnych istotnych dla Polski

Jarosiński Marek, Krzyścin Janusz, Ustrnul Zbigniew, Kochanek Krzysztof, Janik Tomasz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 8

418--429

EN

In view of the challenges faced by geophysical research in the future decades and the observed decline in interest in this field of study in Poland, itis necessary to mobilize the geophysical environment. One of the main causes of the crisis in the popularity of this field of study are changes in the economic paradigm, in which an important determinant and goal of activities is the declared departure from fossil fuels, especially coal and oil. Obviously, this has a direct impact on the prospects of geophysical research, whose main contractor on a global scale is the oil industry. With the depletion of the best available deposits, there is a need to reach for deposits that were increasingly difficult to discover and exploit, which contributed to the progress in geophysical research methods that followed the development of technology and information methods - the basis of modern geophysical analyses. The announced definitive departure from fossil fuels coincided in Poland with the end of the shale-gas boom and the announcement of the program of resigning from coal mining. These announcements aroused the belief that the demand for geophysical research will also expire in the coming years together with the prospects for financing such research. However, this belief is wrong. A significant stream of funds will be directed at the development of geophysical research on a global scale, and the current sponsors of utilitarian geophysical research will occupy new niches on the market, e.g. in the accumulation of energy, storage of greenhouse gases and the search for raw materials, the lack of which is increasingly felt by the most developed economies. Along with the growing awareness of the deepening climate crisis and the destruction of the natural environment engulfing the planet, the need increases to recalculate the environmental costs of economic activity, in which broadly understood geophysical sciences can undoubtedly help. Geophysical analysis of huge datasets requires modern computational methods such as numerical modelling, machine learning and artificial intelligence. The development of these fields will therefore be necessary, but also a difficult challenge for the scientific community in Poland. In this work, we will indicate mainly the prospective areas of the economy and the science, related to the broadly understood energy transformation that requires a significant share of geophysical research. The review of the issues and methodology of current geophysical problems and proposed solutions has been arranged in accordance with the directions of research in the field of earth sciences, subjectively highlighting the tasks that seem to be the most promising and/or scientifically attractive. The text deals with the issues related to climatology, hydrology and hydrogeology, environment, geological hazards, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, waste storage, energy storage, critical raw materials, and the structure and physical condition of the Earth's crust.

10

Retencja wody w zróżnicowanych geograficznie zlewniach górskich

Kowalczyk Agnieszka, Jaguś Andrzej

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 6 (26)

1--12

EN

The article describes the research on the retention capacity of two mountain catchments in the Polish Carpathian Mts. These are the catchments of the Czarna Woda and Biała Woda streams. These catchments are adjacent, have a similar area (about 11 km2 each), but are geograph-ically diverse. Their geomorphology, hydrographic network, soil water permeability and land use were analyzed. The Czarna Woda catchment is a forest catchment, and the Biała Woda catchment is a forest and agricultural catchment with pasture areas. The geographical analysis of the catchment showed that the Czarna Woda catchment most likely has greater retention capacity. Theoretical analyzes were verified on the basis of long-term measurements of flows in both streams. Outflows were calculated for the entire study period (2006-2022), as well as annual, monthly and daily outflows. The measurements were carried out using the overflow method in permanent measurement cross-sections. The total outflow from both catchments was simi-lar, so they had similar water resources. In particular years, months and days, outflow often differed significantly between catchments. It was found that during the periods of increased water runoff (from precipitation, from snowmelt) the outflow from the Biała Woda catchment was higher, while in the periods without precipitation the outflow from the Czarna Woda catch-ment prevailed. Short-term flood outflows were at least several dozen percent higher in the Biała Woda catchment. The measurement data confirmed that water was better retained in the Czarna Woda catchment and the outflow was slower. Water retention processes in the Czarna Woda catchment allowed to maintain minimum outflows at a level several times higher than in the Biała Woda catchment. The studies have shown that in a very small mountain area there can be a large variation in outflow in individual streams. Retention capacity of the catchment depends on environmen-tal conditions and human activity.

11

Woda a energetyka w obliczu wyzwań i realizacji celów zrównoważonego rozwoju

Kamiński Arkadiusz, Pusz Agnieszka

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2023

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T. 27, cz. 2

23--34

PL

Świadomość, że woda pokrywa 72% powierzchni globu, powoduje, że traktujemy ją jako dobro nieograniczone i ogólnodostępne. Wzrost populacji ludzi związany jest z potrzebami w zakresie wytwarzania żywności oraz energii, a do tego woda jest niezbędna. Woda wykorzystywana jest w gospodarstwach domowych w rolnictwie, w transporcie wodnym, w produkcji energii elektrycznej i we wszystkich gałęziach przemysłu. Potrzeby poszczególnych sektorów gospodarki, w zakresie wykorzystania zasobów wodnych, mogą się różnić, a nawet być przeciwstawne. Dlatego rola właściwego zarządzania zasobami wodnymi jest bardzo istotna. Powinna uwzględniać zarówno potrzeby ludności i gospodarki, jak i wymagania ochrony wód i ekosystemów z nimi związanych oraz kwestie dotyczące ochrony przed powodzią i suszą.

EN

Knowing that the water covers 72% of the globe's surface makes us treat it as an unlimited and universal good. The growth of the human population is related to the needs for food and energy production, and water is essential for this. Water is used in households in agriculture, in water transport, in electricity production and in all industries. The needs of individual economic sectors in terms of the use of water resources may differ and even be contradictory. Therefore, the role of proper management of water resources is very important. It should take into account both the needs of the population and the economy, as well as the requirements for the protection of water and related ecosystems, as well as issues related to protection against floods and drought, and each of us can take action to save the water.

12

The water outflow from neighbouring mountain catchments in the Polish Carpathians : A comparative analysis

Kowalczyk Agnieszka W., Jaguś Andrzej

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 58

148--157

EN

The study covered water resources of two mountain streams in the Polish Carpathians. These were the Biała Woda and Czarna Woda streams, the catchments of which are adjacent to each other. Water flows in both streams were measured during the hydrological years from 2006 to 2020. Next, water outflows from the catchments were calculated. The study aimed to determine differences in the water resources of those catchments in a very small mountainous area. The study showed quantitative similarity in water resources in the entire multi-annual period but at the same time large differences in shorter periods. Instantaneous and daily outflows showed the largest differences, but differences in annual outflows of up to 20% were also recorded. Therefore, hydrological data from operational cross-sections to assess water resources of neighbouring uncontrolled watercourses should cover multi-annual mean values. It was found that during periods of increased runoff (from melting snow or precipitation), the outflow from the Biała Woda catchment was much larger, while during rain-free periods, the outflow from the Czarna Woda catchment prevailed. All short-term flood like outflows were at least several tens of per cent higher in the Biała Woda catchment. The higher retention capacity of the Czarna Woda catchment can be attributed to the land use (mainly forest areas). The results can be used for modelling catchments of similar parameters and determining their retention capacity.

13

Morphometric analysis of Klina River basin using geospatial technology and open access datasets

Çadraku Hazir, Hasa Xhesika

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 58

31--41

EN

According to the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 EC, the river basin is the basic unit for integrated water management at the basin level. In this sense, the knowledge of the morphometric parameters of the river takes on special importance. Morphometric analysis helps in understanding the geo-hydrological characteristics of a river basin. Various authors point out that the morphometric analyses of a drainage watershed demonstrate the dynamic equilibrium that has been achieved due to the interaction between matter and energy. The analysis of morphometric parameters also facilitates and helps to understand the hydrological relations of the basin. This paper deals with the morphometric analysis of sub-basins in the Klina River basin which is located in the northeastern part of the Dukagjini depression. To determine the morphometric parameters in the Klina River basin, the digital relief model from the Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS) platform with a resolution of 20 × 20 m and the ArcMap 10.5 software were used. The results reveal that the total number of streams is 753 of which 602 are 1st order streams, 119 - 2nd order, 23 - 3rd order, 6 - 4th order, 2 - 5th order, and 1 - 6th order streams. The mean bifurcation ratio is 3.81, drainage density is 1.52 km∙km-2. The data and information presented in this study will be helpful and interesting in the plan of the management of Klina River basin which covers an area of 477 km2 within which is estimated to live about 100,000 inhabitants.

14

Influence of the manner of water discharge from dam reservoirs on downstream water quality

Cieśla Maksymilian, Gruca-Rokosz Renata

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

91--101

EN

The study was carried out in the area of three dam reservoirs: Blizne and Maziarnia (Voivodeship of Podkarpackie) and Nielisz (Voivodeship of Lublin). The main parameter differentiating the reservoirs was the water retention time and the manner of water discharge from the reservoirs. Three test sites were designated in the area of each reservoir: in the river zone of the reservoir, in the central part of the reservoir, and near the reservoir dam. At these sites, the concentrations of suspended sediment in the water and the content of organic matter in it, the concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen, as well as chlorophyll a were monitored. In addition, two control sites were established: on the river upstream of the reservoir and on the river downstream of the dam, respectively. At these points, the concentrations of suspended sediments in the water and their organic matter content were recorded. The obtained results of the study and multivariate analysis of the data showed that morphometric parameters (including water retention time) of reservoirs and the method of water discharge influence water quality in downstream rivers. It was found that by using lower discharge and ensuring a sufficiently long retention time of water in the reservoir, it is possible to effectively limit the negative aspects of hydrotechnical structures’ impact on the natural environment. In practice, the observed relationships may constitute an important and missing link in the aspect of minimising undesirable side effects of this type of hydrotechnical objects.

15

Konferencja wodna ONZ 2023 - szansa na przełomowy moment dla zasobów wodnych na świecie

Delis-Szeląg Katarzyna A.

Gospodarka Wodna

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2023

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Nr 3

6--12

PL

Konferencja w sprawie śródokresowego kompleksowego przeglądu realizacji celów Międzynarodowej Dekady Wodnej 2018-2028 odbędzie się w dniach 22-24 marca 2023 r. w siedzibie ONZ w Nowym Jorku. Trzydniowe spotkanie stanowi jeden z elementów długofalowego harmonogramu obejmującego także proces przygotowawczy do Konferencji oraz Program działań na rzecz wody (Water Action Agenda - WAA), który jest głównym, zbiorowym efektem końcowym Konferencji. Celem tego procesu jest ustanowienie programu działań na drugą połowę Dekady Wodnej oraz Agendy ONZ na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju, w perspektywie wykraczającej nawet poza rok 2030. Zapewnienie wszystkim ludziom dostępu do wody i urządzeń sanitarnych pozostaje wciąż aktualnym wyzwaniem gospodarki wodnej na całym świecie. Konferencja, stanowiąca światową debatę wodną, ma zapewnić, że rok 2023 stanie się trampoliną katalizującą działania na rzecz bezpieczeństwa wodnego dla wszystkich. Wizją gospodarzy wydarzenia jest powszechne docenienie i lepsze zarządzanie wodami oraz podjęcie skoordynowanych działań, aby osiągnąć międzynarodowe cele wodne. Gospodarze oczekują i zachęcają wszystkie zainteresowane podmioty do zgłaszania dobrowolnych zobowiązań, których zbiór stworzy Program działań na rzecz wody. Polska rozważa zgłoszenie dobrowolnych zobowiązań do WAA. Oficjalne uruchomienie Programu nastąpi podczas Konferencji. Współgospodarze zmierzyć się muszą z wyzwaniem o skali światowej, starając się przezwyciężyć trudności i uniknąć błędów, które doprowadziły do niepowodzenia międzynarodowych działań na rzecz zasobów wodnych, podejmowanych w XX wieku. Dotychczasowe działania zarówno na szczeblu międzynarodowym, jak też państwowym i lokalnym wydają się dalece niewystarczające, aby skutecznie osiągnąć międzynarodowe cele wodne. Trzeci rok z rzędu Światowe Forum Ekonomiczne umieściło kryzys wodny w pierwszej trójce globalnych zagrożeń, dlatego realizacji zadań wodnych nie można dłużej odkładać na później. Brak skutecznej reakcji na wyzwania wodne może mieć poważne skutki globalne, które mogą okazać się jeszcze dotkliwsze od niepowodzeń z końca XX wieku.

EN

The mid-term comprehensive review Conference on the implementation of the goals of the International Water Decade 2018-2028 will be held from 22 to 24 March 2023 at UN Headquarters in NY. The three-day meeting is one of the elements of the long-term agenda, which also includes the preparatory process for the Conference and main collective outcome of the Conference - Water Action Agenda (WAA). The aim of this process is to establish an action program for the second half of the Water Decade and UN Agenda for sustainable development, in a transcendent perspective beyond 2030. Providing all people with access to water and sanitation remains a challenge for water management around the world. The conference, which is the global water debate, aims to ensure that year 2023 becomes a catalytic springboard for action on water security for all. The vision of the hosts of the event is to achieve universal recognition and better management of water and to take coordinated action to achieve international water goals. The hosts expect and encourage all stakeholders to submit voluntary commitments, the collection of which will form the Water Action Agenda. Poland is considering submitting voluntary commitments to the WAA. The official launch of the WAA will take place during the Conference. The co-hosts face a global challenge, trying to overcome the difficulties and avoid the mistakes that led to the failure of international action on water resources held in the 20th century. The actions taken so far, at international, national and local level, are proving to be far from sufficient to effectively achieve the international water goals. For the third year in a row, the World Economic Forum has placed the water crisis in the top three global threats, so we can no longer put off the water agenda. Failure to respond effectively to water challenges could have serious global impacts, which could be even more severe than the failures of the late 20th century.

16

Geophysical Study for the Recognition of the Water Resources of the Turonian Aquifer in the Eastern Part of the Boudnib Basin (Errachidia, Morocco)

Laaraj Fadwa, Benabdelhadi Mohammed, Chibout Mohamed, Lahrach Abderrahim, Benslimane Anasse

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

79--89

EN

The region of Boudnib is located in southeast Morocco and depends on the territorial region of Drâa-Tafilalet and the province of Errachidia. It has a water deficit due to the lack of rainfall in the region and the overexploitation of groundwater. 76 electrical drillings were drilled and correlated with borehole and seismic reflection data to understand and identify the structure and geometry of the deep aquifer to facilitate the selection of future boreholes and wells. After the interpretation of all data of vertical electrical sounding, we exploited it to make an interpretation of the results. Indeed, we have established an isohypse of the resistant roof maps also geoelectric sections representing the different electrical discontinuities present in the study area, their nature as well as the zones favorable to the exploitation of the Turonian aquifer waters.

17

Optimization of the building process of ground water intakes under the conditions of natural water resources deficits

Telyma Sergiy, Voloshkina Olena, Kovalоva Anastasiia, Bereznytska Yuliia

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2023

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Vol. 12

41--50

EN

The article discusses the problems of optimizing and exploiting ground water intakes during times of natural water resource deficits, which are critical sources for the operational resources needed. A deposit of underground water in Rudno in the Lviv region of Ukraine is used for the investigation. To optimize the withdrawal of water for the population in the given district, given the limited natural water resources, and on the bases of a detailed geological, hydrogeological and the hydrological analysis of the area and a review of the literature, a permanent mathematical model for filtration of the chosen deposit was created to evaluate the operational groundwater resources for a long-term period. The model allows for the simulation of water intake exploitation in different operating regimes in order to solve the problems of regulating and optimizing water withdrawal under different conditions of change in the water intakes, expanding productivity depending on the economic needs in the region, and solving problems related to the quality of the drinking water by predicting the possible pollution and depletion of major aquifers during their operation. The model of the Rudno water deposit can be used as a reference when selecting promising sites for new water intakes to reduce material and energy resources during construction.

18

Water resources of Kazakhstan in conditions of uncertainty

Tursunova Aisulu, Medeu Akhmetkal, Alimkulov Sayat, Saparova Assel, Baspakova Gaukhar

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 54

138--149

EN

The exceptionally high spatial-temporal variability of the river runoff and the significance of its transboundary component considerably worsen the problem of the water supply of the republic. Due to the disadvantageous geographical location in the lower reaches of transboundary river basins, the Republic of Kazakhstan is largely dependent on water economy activities taking place in neighbouring countries. In the article the modern change of the resources of river runoff in Kazakhstan, taking into account climatic and anthropogenic influences is considered. For the assessment of the impact of economic activities on the river runoff and changes in climatic-related runoff, the complex of integral methods was used, and appropriate methodologies were developed. The obtained results of the modern influence of a complex of factors, as well as their significance for the future (till 2030), can be used for the development of scientifically based solutions for sustainable management and protection of water resources. An assessment of the anthropogenic activity of this study shows that the water resources of the river runoff of the Republic of Kazakhstan have decreased by 16.0 km3∙y-1. According to our forecasts, there will be a further decrease in the water resources of the republic due to the expected decrease in transboundary flow to 87.1 km3∙y-1 by 2030, in dry years less than 50.0 km3∙y-1. We propose a set of measures to prevent the negative impact of possible reduction of river runoff resources in the future in the water basins of Kazakhstan.

19

Interbasin water transfer in the Central Highlands of Vietnam: Impacts and lessons learned

Nhung Dang Thi Kim, Manh Nguyen Van, Kim Nguyen Quang

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 53

30--44

EN

In Vietnam, drought has been occurring persistently and in very complicated patterns, with a great impact on the water, energy, and food security nexus and regional development sustainability. The uncertainty surrounding annual water resources in combination with the low reliability of interbasin water transfer (IBWT) operations is the key driver of water deficits in several affected regions. This study aims to assess the impacts of four big IBWT projects in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, based on a proposed matrix of five evaluation criteria to quantify related impacts and to draw out lessons learned for future development of IBWT. The proposed criteria matrix was formulated on the basis of intensive reviews of IBWT assessments worldwide and relevant Vietnamese laws in force. The impacts were analysed and quantified mainly based on assessment of their operational database and water balance simulations for donor and recipient river basins in current and future states. The results show that the studied IBWT projects did not fully satisfy the proposed criteria set, all project did not meet the criteria of benefit sharing and information transparency; noticeably the Don Duong project fulfilled only one from five. Four lessons were determined for proper planning in river basins, flexibility in system design for unknown future, inadequate environmental impact assessment and delay in enactment of policies for IBWT project management. The results provide sound knowledge to revise the existing projects in the Central Highlands and procedures for impact assessment and approval of new IBWT systems.

20

Application of drip irrigation for cotton farming in Central Asia: The case of Turkmenistan

Kulmedov Begmyrat, Shcherbakov Vladimir I.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 52

119--123

EN

The main purpose of this study is to determine the optimum water consumption for achieving water savings and obtaining good yields in cotton production, which has been expanding in Central Asia and Turkmenistan since the 1960s. In the last few decades, water resources in the region have been difficult to access, due to the expansion of agricultural activity and population growth. The oscillation of the amount of water released from dams of the Amudarya River to obtain energy for the upper countries in the winter season has been causing crises in countries of Central Asia. An experiment was carried out in an agricultural field at a cotton research centre in the Yolöten district of Turkmenistan. The experiment led to the observation that it is possible to achieve higher efficiency and lower water consumption in cotton production. At the same time, the water savings that can be achieved as a result of using the drip irrigation method in cotton production throughout the country have been calculated. The calculations have provided the basis for recommending irrigation as a solution to the problems in question.